• 공업화학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.430-434
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• 1998

제조용 액체 크로마토그래피는 주로 생화학물질에서 유용성분을 분리하는 데 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 제조용 충전물($15{\mu}m$)이 채워진 역상 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 sample size에 따른 흡착특성을 고찰하였다. 시료는 향미제인 5'-GMP이고 이동상은 $KH_2PO_4$ 수용액 20mM과 메탄올을 97:3 (vol.%)으로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 sample size가 증가해도 체류인자는 거의 일정하였지만 $1{\mu}g$ 이상에서는 peak의 모양이 비대칭성이 되었다. 또한 sample size가 증가함에 따라서 이론단수는 감소하였고 농도가 작은 경우 peak width가 크기 때문에 이론단수는 더 작았다. 본 실험조건에서 5'-GMP는 Freundlich 비선형흡착식에 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2009

Classification of subjects with unknown distribution in small sample size setup may involve order-restricted constraints in multivariate parameter setups. Those problems makes optimality of conventional likelihood ratio based statistical inferences not feasible. Fortunately, Roy (1953) introduced union-intersection principle(UIP) which provides an alternative avenue. Redescending M-estimator along with that principle yields a considerably appropriate robust testing procedure. Furthermore, conditionally distribution-free test based upon exact permutation theory is used to generate p-values, even in small sample. Applications of this method are illustrated in simulated data and read data example (Lobenhofer et al., 2002)

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2015

The geometric chart has proven more effective than Shewhart p or np charts to monitor the proportion nonconforming in high-quality processes. Implementing a geometric chart commonly requires the assumption that the in-control proportion nonconforming is known or accurately estimated. However, accurate parameter estimation is very difficult and may require a larger sample size than that available in practice in high-quality process where the proportion of nonconforming items is very small. Thus, the error in the parameter estimation increases and may lead to deterioration in the performance of the control chart if a sample size is inadequate. We suggest adjusting the control limits in order to improve the performance when a sample size is insufficient to estimate the parameter. We propose a linear function for the adjustment constant, which is a function of the sample size, the number of nonconforming items in a sample, and the false alarm rate. We also compare the performance of the geometric charts without and with adjustment using the expected value of the average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of the ARL (SDARL).

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

This paper deals with testing the equality of the coefficients of variation in two inverse Gaussian populations. The likelihood ratio, Lagrange-multiplier and Wald tests are presented. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to compare the powers of these tests. In a simulation study, the likelihood ratio test appears to be consistently more powerful than the Lagrange-multiplier and Wald tests when sample size is small. The powers of all the tests tend to be similar when sample size increases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.53-68
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• 1990

This research has been executed for maximization of lumber yield and more efficient use of small diameter logs. Sample logs from thinnings carne from densed artificial stands at the Kwangnung Experimental Forests situated in the central region of Korean peninsula. Species of sample logs were obtained to execute sawing and strength test for larch, and lumber strength test in full size for pitch pine and Korean pine. A survey on sawmills consuming domestic logs was carried out to know sawmill production, costs and utilization structure of lumber as a guide to business analysis. Results showed that sawing pattern from small logs less than 15cm in diameter was necessary to cut 9cm by 9cm square per one log in order to obtain high lumber recovery and provide for wide market needs. The total lumber yield of squares plus side boards was 56 percent to 58 percent from small logs and the yield for log sweep in 30 percent decreased by 24.5 percent in sawing production, compared to yield for straight logs. In sawing efficiency, production of lumber by twin band saw could be improved 238 percent higher than lumber of the same species produced by conventional sawmilling methods, and sawing accuracy with twin band saw was much higher at the lumber production than band saw. Lumber from the small larch logs has shown 70 knots per $m^2$ on its faces and also lumber showed lots of face checkings by air drying on the yard, compared to other species. MOR in bending of lumber in full size from small logs of larch was found ranging from 380kg/$cm^2$ to 460kg/$cm^2$, resulting in 40 percent less than the strength from clear small specimens. In lumber containing knots, cross grain, etc, longitudinal stress wave speed was delayed about 48 percent by defects in lumber from both larch and pitch pine logs. The surveyed sample sawmills consumed the domestic logs at the rate of 54 percent to 84 percent in the total timber consumption, showing high consumption at mills located in the mountains.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.285-302
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• 1992

Human and rat hepatocytes were isolated by nonperfusion method and cultured for longer than 5 days. Human liver biopsy sample and rat liver were used as hepatocyte source. Several physical and chemical factors which were influencing on hepatocyte isolation procedure were examined and a batch isolation procedure was established for small size sample of rat liver. Isolated hepatocytes showed normal morphlologica characteristics in microscopy and electron microscopical examinations and a morphologica response to phalloidin. Isolated cells were cultured as a monolayer and proven to have intact morphological characteristics for longer than 15 days. Because human liver sample is harder and tighter compared with rat liver, a standard procedure for rat hepatocytes was slightly modified to reduce mechanical damage. Similarly with rat hepatocytes, isolated human hepatocytes showed a normal morphological characteristics and could be cultured for longer than 15days. Human and rat hepatocytes were examined on their functional integrities including cytochrome-P450 related enzyme activity and it's inducibility, hormonal inducibility of AIB uptake and TAT activity, albumin synthesis, DNA synthesis, cellular protein maintenance. In all parameters used in the present study, human and rat hepatocytes showed normal functional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.255-262
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• 1998

In this paper, we study the saddlepoint approximations for the ratio of independent random variables. In Section 2, we derive the saddlepoint approximation to the probability density function. In Section 3, we represent a numerical example which shows that the errors are small even for small sample size.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1129-1138
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• 2011

지방자치제가 정착되면서 시군구와 같은 소지역 단위의 실업률에 대한 통계는 실업대책이나 고용지원 사업을 위한 예산 편성과 같은 지역 노동시장정책의 수립은 물론 정책 집행 후 그에 대한 사후평가를 하는데 있어서도 중요한 기준을 제공해주기 때문에 지자체 기관장들의 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 경제적, 시간적으로 많은 제약이 따르는 기초자치단체에서 지속적으로 실업률 통계를 생산하는 데에는 자료의 신뢰성, 연속성및 시의성 면에서 많은 문제를 노정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소지역 실업률 추정치에 대한 신뢰성(변동계수 25% 이하)을 확보하면서 통계생산에 소요되는 조사비용을 최소화할 수 있는 효율적인 추정법 및 최소 표본조사구 수를 모의실험을 통하여 제시하고자 한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.109.3-109
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• 2001

The so-called curse of dimensionality arises when Gaussian mixture is used on high-dimensional small-sample-size data, since the number of free elements that needs to be specied in each covariance matrix of Gaussian mixture increases exponentially with the number of dimension d. In this paper, by constraining the covariance matrix in its decomposed orthonormal form we get a local PCA model so as to reduce the number of free elements needed to be specified. Moreover, to cope with the small sample size problem, we adopt BYY data smoothing learning which is a regularization over maximum likelihood learning obtained from BYY harmony learning to implement this local PCA model.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권7C호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2011

Recently, subspace analysis has raised its performance to a higher level through the adoption of kernel-based nonlinearity. Especially, the radial basis function, based on its nonparametric nature, has shown promising results in face recognition. However, due to the endemic small sample size problem of face data, the conventional kernel-based feature extraction methods have difficulty in data representation. In this paper, we introduce a novel variant of the RBF kernel to alleviate this problem. By adopting the concept of the nearest feature line classifier, we show both effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method, particularly regarding the small sample size issue.