• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.25-34
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• 1978

The action of theobromine on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity In the rabbit red cell membrane has teen investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of theobromine on the ATPase activity. The following results were observed. 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red fell membrane is stimulated by theobromine, and the concentration of theobromine for maximal activity is about 3mM. 2. The activating effect of theobromine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but activity ratio is decreased. 3. The activating effect of theobromine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium in the medium. is increased by the raising the potassium concentration but activity ratio is decreased. 4. The NaK ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but decreased by larger amounts. The activity of the enzyme by theobromine is increased by small amounts of calcium but decreased by larger amounts. 5. The activating effect of theobromine on the ATPase was not related to the hydroxyl group of threonine and imidazole group of histicline. 6. The activating effect of theobromine on the ATPase is due to sulfhydryl group, amino group and carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1977

The action of pilocarpine on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of pilocarpine on the ATPase activity. The following results were observed. 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red cell membrane is stimulated by pilocarpine, and the concentration of pilocarpine for maximal activity is about 3 mM. The pH optimum for the pilocarpine sensitive component is 8.0. 2. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium .in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration but activity ratio is decreased 3. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase, with a given concentration of Potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but activity ratio is decreased 4. The NaK ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but decreased by 'larger amounts. The activity ratio of the enzyme by pilocarpine is decreased by small amounts .of calcium but decreased by larger amounts. 5. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase was not related to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine, the hydroxyl group of threonine or the imidazole group of histidine. 6. The activating effect of pilocarpine on the ATPase is due to amino group and carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the communication status in group and the semantic network of science gifted students. Seven small groups, 5 members in each, participated in small group activities, in which they discussed the calculation of earth density. Both the communication status in group and the semantic network of science gifted students were analyzed using KrKwic, Ucinet 6.0 for Windows. As a result, the semantic network of prime movers in group represented more frequently used words, lesser rate of component, and higher density than that of out lookers. It means that the prime movers have coherent knowledge compared to out lookers, and they output more knowledge for problem solving than out lookers. Therefore, the results of this study may be applied to evaluating the cognitive level of science gifted students and group organization for small group activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1617-1622
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• 2005

The activity of brush border enzymes (sucrase, lactase and maltase) in the piglet small intestine was evaluated as well as piglet performance during the weaning period in the present study. There were two treatment groups: Piglets of six litters were fed dry feed plus milk replacer (Group M) and of six litters fed dry pelleted feed (Group C). One piglet from each litter was sacrificed on day 3 before weaning, and day 3, 10 and 17 postweaning, respectively. Providing milk replacer caused an increased piglet live weight at weaning (p<0.001) and until termination of the experiment (p<0.001). A slightly higher (p<0.16) level of protein was measured in the jejunum of group M piglets as compared with group C piglets. Before weaning the activity of lactase was high in the jejunum of group C piglets. The activity of lactase in the jejunum was lowered in the jejunum of group C piglets and in distal jejunum of group M piglets during the postweaning period as compared with pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Lowered activity of lactase in the distal jejunum of piglets was found at day 10 and 17 postweaning, respectively. No treatment differences were found in the activity of lactase in the piglet jejunum. No treatment differences were seen in the activity of maltase and sucrase in the piglet jejunum also. However, weaning caused a higher activity of sucrase in the distal jejunum of group M piglets as compared with pre-weaning period. In conclusion, providing milk replacer to piglets caused an improved growth performance. Feeding milk replacer did not influence the activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the jejunum of piglets. Weaning resulted in a markedly lowered activity of lactase, while no dramatic changes in the activity of maltase took place during the period around weaning.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the verbal interactions of earth science gifted depending on their communications structures and group status in small group activities. To this end, a small group activity was conducted to measure the density of the earth, and 8 small groups were selected, including 4 co-ownership type and 4 monopolistics type groups with different communication structures. And then, the framework was developed for analyzing verbal interactions to compare the differences in characteristics between small groups. The results are as follows. First, regardless of the communication structures, there were showing a simple pingpong-type communication structures for all small groups. Second, negative interactions such as 'restraint', 'command', 'complaint', and 'lack of confidence' predominantly appeared in all small groups. Third, the students in the status of out-lookers in small groups were mainly verbal interactions, such as instructing the other person, acting against the other person's actions, and expressing dissatisfaction with the attitudes and abilities of members. Therefore, teachers should guide students to use higher-level verbal interactions in their group activities in small group activities, and engage in students communication to prevent negative interactions from occurring. The teachers also need to check the level of achievement for students in the status of out-lookers in advance and guide them to participate more actively in small group activities. This study is meaningful in that it can be sued to design teaching and learning to improve students' problem solving and communication skills.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1976

The action of serotonin on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated. The experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of serotonin on the ATPase activity. The following results were obtained. 1) The NaK ATPase activity of rabbit red cell ghosts is stimulated by low concentration of serotonin but inhibited by higher concentration, and the concentration of serotonin for maximal activity is about 2mM. The pH optimum for the serotonin sensitive component is 8.0. 2) The activating effect of serotonin on the ATPase, with a given concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration but the ratio of activity is decreased. 3) The activating effect of serotonin on the ATPase, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration but the ratio of activity is decreased. 4) The ATPase activity is increased by small amounts of calcium but inhibited by larger amounts and the ratio of activity by serotonin is decreased by small amounts of calcium but increased by larger amounts. 5) The action of serotonin on the ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine, the carboxyl group of aspartic acid, or the imidazole group of histidine. 6) The action of serotonin on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2001

This study was carried out effect of red ginseng extract(1.0g/kg) on organotin compounds (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) which poisons against some organs like thyroid gland, liver, kindey, testis, ovary, serum immuinty and sex hormone activity of rats were examinned by gastric tubing for 3 weeks. The weight of each organ in TBTO treated group were significantly increased other organs which excepted kinedy in males and only liver in females.(p<0.05, p<0.01). In case of Immunity activity of each sex, IgM level was small change comparsion with that of control group in all sex. but IgG level was significantly decreased females rather than males comparsion with that of control group.(p<0.05, p<0.01) In case of sex hormone activity, the testosterone activity of males and the estradiol activity of females were significantly decreased rather than the control group. on the other hand, red singsong treated group was only significantly increased estradiol activity.( p<0.05, p<0.01)

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.492-496
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• 2001

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP) activity and mRNA level were investigated in the liver and small intestine of rats fed on di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) and orotic acid(OA) as serum triglyceride-reducing agents. The concentration of liver triglyceride was significantly increased in the OA group, but that was not increased in the DEHP group compared with the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the OA and DEHP groups compared with the control group, but this reduction was more pronounced in the OA group. MTP activity and mRNA level in liver were decreased in the OA group compared with the control group, while MTP activity in the small intestine was increased in the OA group compared with the control group. MTP activities and MTP mRNA levels in both liver and small intestine had no influence by the DEHP dietary feeding, despite the triglyceride-lowering action, compared with the control dietary feeding. The activity of liver microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase(PAP), the rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, was increased in the OA group compared with the control group, but that of cytosolic PAP was decreased in the DEHP group compared with the control group. The result suggest that MTP activity and MTP mRNA level are involved in the triglyceride-lowering action of OA, but those are not involved in that of DEHP.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-37
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• 2007

An abundant emotional experience in childhood can be a basis of success of their life. In this research, I set up a hypothesis as follows to see if a group plastic activities are effective for the improvement of children's emotional intelligence and self-emotion awareness ability, self-emotion management ability, self-motivation ability, other's emotion awareness ability and personal relationship skill ability. The research subjects were 40 children of 5 years old(experimental Group: 20, controlled group: 20) in Y kindergarten located in Ulsan. In pretest, we confirmed homogeneity between experiment and control group using child emotional checklist and then applied small group plastic artistic activities to the experiment group. Data analysis was performed with population, percentage, t-test and Cronbach a. The findings of this study were: First, the group plastic artistic activities was effective for the emotional intelligence of children. Second, the small group plastic activities was effective for the self-emotion awareness, self-emotion control and self motivation ability of children. Third, the small group plastic activities was effective for the awareness ability about other's emotion and personal relationship skill ability. The result of this study implies that the small group plastic artistic activities are effective children's emotion and we need to develop the various activity program and practice for children's emotion development.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.495-506
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study conducted a conjoint analysis on early childhood teachers to find out their preferences in horticultural activities that are used as a means of education in early childhood education. Methods: For the conjoint analysis, five attributes of horticultural activities were selected. Attribute 1 was method of horticultural activities, divided into two levels: exclusive and integrated horticultural activities. Attribute 2 was object of horticultural activities, divided into three levels: fruit crops, vegetable crops, and floricultural crops. Attribute 3 was activity type, divided into three levels: big and small group, free choice, and outdoor play. Attribute 4 was place for horticultural activities, and divided into two levels: indoors and outdoors. Attribute 5 was time for horticultural activities, divided into two levels: 30 minutes and 30-60 minutes. The orthogonal design was used to extract 20 profiles, after which we conducted a survey on 320 early childhood teachers and analyzed the valid responses from 257 teachers. Results: The preference of early childhood teachers showed highest importance in object (29.1%), followed by activity type (23.2%), activity method (17.4%), time (16.1%), and place (14.2%) (Pearson's R = .591, p = .008). By level of each attribute, the importance was high in exclusive horticultural activities for activity method, big and small group for activity type, vegetable and floricultural crops for object, indoors for place, and 30 minutes for time. Conclusion: The horticultural program preferred by early childhood teachers is comprised of big and small group activities using vegetable and floricultural crops, carried out indoors for 30 minutes as an exclusive class.