• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2001

Concerns about paid-facilities for the elderly with dementia from middle and upper class families have been discussed lately in Korea. Small-scale, home-like group homes for the elderly with dementia were developed in Sweden in the 1980, but they have not been effectively introduced in Korea where they remain a comparatively new concept. The group home, however, would provide a good alternative to Koreans who feel guilty when they have to leave their frail parents in large-scale facilities or hospitals instead of caring for them at home. The aim of this paper is, first, to define the care of the demented elderly who come from upper and middle class families in Korea and, secondly, to discuss the need for group homes to help care for them. A survey was done by questionnaire and was answered by 577 respondents who belonged to middle and upper class families living in Korea in December 2000. Methods of analysis were frequency, mean, and Chi-square. The results of this study were as follows: 1) the traditional notion that the eldest son should be burdened with the primary responsibility for a demented parent has weakened remarkably; 2) a small-scale long-term care facility was considered the most desirable living environment for the demented elderly; 3) the facilities families needed for professional hospitals for victims of dementia, senior citizen centers, large and small-scale long-term care facilities, day-care centers, and short-stay and service housing. The study also revealed that there was low awareness of the group home. The most preferred type of structure for group homes was a single-family detached house, and the most preferred management system was small-scale that could create home-like atmosphere. Additionally the respondents wanted group homes to consist of 6-8 residents with 2-4 persons per room. The results of this study strongly suggest that policy makers should encourage the development of smallscale group homes as an alternative form of housing for the elderly with dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4441-4448
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of small group collaboration learning program through MBTI on interpersonal relationship and career identity of nursing college students. 30 experimental group and 30 control group, nursing students were randomly assigned 2nd grade nursing students were selected from nursing program of T university in Daegu, Korea. The 30 experimental group students received small group collaboration learning program through MBTI for 30 hours(2 times in a week for 15 weeks). Measures were MBTI test, interpersonal relationships and career identity scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win 17.0 program, chi-square test, t-test. The experimental group which received small group collaboration learning program through MBTI will have a higher level of interpersonal relationships and career identity change score than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

Let G be a finite group and N be a normal subgroup of G. We denote by ncc(N) the number of conjugacy classes of N in G and N is called n-decomposable, if ncc(N) = n. Set $K_{G}\;=\;\{ncc(N)$\mid$N{\lhd}G\}$. Let X be a non-empty subset of positive integers. A group G is called X-decomposable, if KG = X. In this paper we characterise the {1, 3, 4}-decomposable finite non-perfect groups. We prove that such a group is isomorphic to Small Group (36, 9), the $9^{th}$ group of order 36 in the small group library of GAP, a metabelian group of order $2^n{2{\frac{n-1}{2}}\;-\;1)$, in which n is odd positive integer and $2{\frac{n-1}{2}}\;-\;1$ is a Mersenne prime or a metabelian group of order $2^n(2{\frac{n}{3}}\;-\;1)$, where 3$\mid$n and $2\frac{n}{3}\;-\;1$ is a Mersenne prime. Moreover, we calculate the set $K_{G}$, for some finite group G.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2006

purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Small-Scale Chemistry(below SSC) Lab Program on academic achievement and science-related affective domain of high school students. For this study, SSC Lab Program was developed on the basis of analyzing the chemistry part of the high school science textbook in the 7th curriculum. The experimental group was received SSC experiment lessons(below SSC group), and the comparison group was received traditional lessons. According to the result of this study, there was a significant difference (p<.01) between a SSC group and a comparison group in academic achievement. Also, there were significant differences in science-related affective domain, especially interest and scientific attitude. It showed that SSC Lab Program was more effective to improve the academic achievement and science-related affective domain. Student perceptions on SSC Lab Program were also discussed. Majority of students thought that SSC lab program was an effective and interesting way in science study.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.947-952
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• 2012

This Study was conducted to investigate Muscle Test of Point Selection through CRA(Contact Reflex Analysis) Muscel Diagnosis. So this study used to compare and analyze the effects of Muscel(Deltoid Muscel of Posterior) RMS(Root Mean Squared) and MEF(Median Edge Frequency) Among Groups that do not respond to questionnaire, Tonguibogam Naegyeongpyeon Small Intestine Group, Small Intestine MeridianPathway Primary Symptom and Secondary Symptom Group and Kwanwon(CV4) meridian Principal action Group. The questionnaire is composed of 23 items. The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on assorting into 4 groups. After Survey, Subject had to Muscle test subjects. Muscle experimental methods are as follows: Holding the shoulder without contacting Kwanwon. Holding the shoulder contacting Kwanwon. The first iteration. Group 1,2,3 were increased sEMG RMS compared with First experiment and Second experiment. Group 4(Including Uterus and Intestinal Flora Problem) were decreased sEMG RMS compared with First experiment and Second experiment. This test means that it is similar to diagnosis CRA and Small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle, not Small Intestine MeridianPathway. It is suggested that subjects with a Small Intestine problem(Uterus and Intestinal Flora Problem) shows the results of decreasing posterior Deltoid Muscular strength. It means that CRA muscle diagnosis is associated with Alarm points diagnosis. But it doesn't consider influence of fat on the surface EMG.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.503-513
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning(significance) of improving early childhood music teaching classes while analyzing microteaching in small group mentoring process. Improvement on teaching was carried out in the form of fellow teacher mentoring made up of small groups of 4 members through microteaching analysis, and the research findings are as follows. First, it was discovered that a clear understanding of musical concepts and theories must take precedence for desirable teaching of early childhood music. Second, it could be confirmed whether musical concepts are well integrated with actual early childhood music teaching activities through small group mentoring. Third, in the process of small group mentoring using microteaching analysis, sympathy was found to be highly important in the improvement on early childhood music teaching by research participants.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.236-241
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• 2023

Solar cells based on p-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) organic molecular systems are a promising alternative to conventional electrical energy generation. D-A molecular systems, which have a triphenylamine (TPA) moiety linked with a benzothiadiazole (BTD) moiety, open the potential development of new small molecule donors for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Here, a series of donor-acceptor-π-acceptor (D-A-π-A) small molecule donors (SMD) derived from triphenylamine (TPA) donor and benzothiadiazole (BTD) acceptor building blocks, were designed for BHJ organic solar cells. The small molecule donors SMD1-4 were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TDDFT) methods, to understand the effect of cyano and fluorine group functionalization on their properties. The effect of structure alteration by cyano and fluorine group functionalization on the optoelectronic properties, the calculated highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and the HOMO-LUMO gaps were theoretically explored. The V_oc (open-circuit photovoltage) and fill factor (FF) for SMD1-4 were obtained with a PC₇₁BM acceptor, which showed that these organic small molecules are potential small molecule donors for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2008

Background: Communication training in nursing college students is an integral part of the development of their competency in dealing with patients. However, the traditional lecture style of training delivery may not be desirably effective. Purpose: This study investigated the effects of a communication training program utilizing a small group dynamic on the communication competency and human relationships in nursing college students. Methods: One hundred twenty six freshmen in a university in Seoul participated in this study. The instruments of communication competency (Primary Communication Inventory) and human relationships (Relationship Change Scale) were used at the beginning and conclusion of the training period. Eighty-three students from two nursing classes were assigned to the experimental groups and 43 students from other classes were assigned to the control groups. Each of the 11 small groups was composed of 7 or 8 students. The weekly program that ran during the 2007 fall semester from October 1st to December 11th consisted of effective communication strategies including therapeutic communication skills, Johari's window, empathy, active listening, and transactional analysis. Results: The experimental group of students reported significantly greater improvement in communication competencies, specific nonverbal competencies, and human relationships compared with the control group. Specifically, the experimental students demonstrated greater improvement in nonverbal communication competencies and satisfaction, communication, and awareness of human relationships. Conclusions: Small group based communication training can be an effective alternative method of communication education for college nursing students.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2002

This study examines effects of small group cooperative learning on areas of mathematics such as number and calculation, figure, and measurement, and changes of attitude-interest in math in elementary schools. Seventy eight second graders from Jinhae City were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was subdivided into small groups of four students who belonged in different levels of math performance. The subdivision was renewed whenever each area was covered. An examination paper which had been developed by Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development and Kyeongsangnamdo Office of Education was given to the subjects. Also, a questionnaire was developed and given to the participants. The results show that, in general, the small group cooperative learning had good effects on the students' ability to solve math problems and, in articular, greater effects on the ability of low-level students. It is revealed that the interaction between the students in small groups affected their attitudes toward and interest in mathematics in a positive way, but did not make perceivable changes in self-confidence of the young Learners.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

For radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients treated with small bowel displacement device (SBDD) and belly board, We will suggest new indication of using SBDD depending on obesity index by analyzing correlation between obesity and irradiated small bowel volume. In this study, We reviewed 29 rectal cancer patients who received pelvic radiation therapy with belly board and SBDD from January to April in 2012. We only analyzed those patients treated with three-field technique (PA and both LAT) on 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/fx). We measured patients' height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and divided BMI into two groups.(${\geq}23$:BMI=group1, <23:BMI=group2) We performed a statistical analysis to evaluate correlation between total volume of bladder($TV_{bladder}$), obesity index and high dose volume of small bowel (small bowel volume irradiated at 90% of prescribed dose, $HDV_{sb}$), low dose volume of small bowel (small bowel volume irradiated at 33% of prescribed dose, $LDV_{sb}$). The result shows, gender, WHR and status of pre operative or post operative do not greatly affect $HDV_{sb}$ and $LDV_{sb}$. Statistical result shows, there are significant correlation between $HDV_{sb}$ and BMI (p<0.04), $HDV_{sb}$ and $TV_{bladder}$ (p<0.01), $LDV_{sb}$ and $TV_{bladder}$ (p<0.01). BMI seems to correlate with $HDV_{sb}$ but does not with $LDV_{sb}$ (p>0.05). There are negative correlation between $HDV_{sb}$ and BMI, $TV_{bladder}$ and $HDV_{sb}$, $TV_{bladder}$ and $LDV_{sb}$. Especially, BMI group1 has more effective and negative correlation with $HDV_{sb}$ (p=0.027) than in BMI group2. In the case of BMI group 1, $TV_{bladder}$ has significant negative correlation with $HDV_{sb}$ and $LDV_{sb}$ (p<0.04). In conclusions, we confirmed that Using SBDD with belly board in BMI group1 could more effectively reduce irradiated small bowel volume in radiation therapy for rectal cancer. Therefore, We suggest using belly board with SBDD in order to reduce the small bowel toxicity in rectal radiotherapy, if patients' BMI is above 23.