• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1998

There has been necessity of an air free ionization chamber using the gold-crystal-aluminium plates, henceforth called the crystal chamber. The crystal chamber formed of parallel plates is very small in size and has more response for absorbed dose of therapeutic radiation beams. The gold plate on the crystal facing the photon and electron beam acts as an intensifier of signals and crystal plate as an ionization medium respectively. Both the copper guard ring and the aluminum collecting electrode are connected to an electrometer. Using high energy photon (6, 15 MV) and electron (9, 12, 15, 18 MeV) beams, the responses of the crystal chamber are evaluated against a PTW Farmer-type chamber at a field size of 10${\times}$10cm$^2$ and 100 cm SSD. The responses of crystal chamber for therapeutic radiation electron and photon beams are greater in magnitude by several order than Farmer. The crystal chamber has good linearity without correction factor C$\_$t,p/ with respect to the signals, a reading reproduction with good accuracy and precision less than 0.5%, and has other useful functions in measuring radiation beams.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2016

Background: We are developing a small size dosimeter for dose estimation in particle therapies. The developed dosimeter is an optical fiber based dosimeter mounting an radiation induced luminescence material, such as an OSL or a scintillator, at a tip. These materials generally suffer from the quenching effect under high LET particle irradiation. Materials and Methods: We fabricated two types of the small size dosimeters. They used an OSL material Eu:BaFBr and a BGO scintillator. Carbon ions were irradiated into the fabricated dosimeters at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The small size dosimeters were set behind the water equivalent acrylic phantom. Bragg peak was observed by changing the phantom thickness. An ion chamber was also placed near the small size dosimeters as a reference. Results and Discussion: Eu:BaFBr and BGO dosimeters showed a Bragg peak at the same thickness as the ion chamber. Under high LET particle irradiation, the response of the luminescence-based small size dosimeters deteriorated compared with that of the ion chamber due to the quenching effect. We confirmed the luminescence efficiency of Eu:BaFBr and BGO decrease with the LET. The reduction coefficient of luminescence efficiency was different between the BGO and the Eu:BaFBr. The LET can be determined from the luminescence ratio between Eu:BaFBr and BGO, and the dosimeter response can be corrected. Conclusion: We evaluated the LET dependence of the luminescence efficiency of the BGO and Eu:BaFBr as the quenching effect. We propose and discuss the correction of the quenching effect using the signal intensity ratio of the both materials. Although the correction precision is not sufficient, feasibility of the proposed correction method is proved through basic experiments.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.395-402
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• 2001

The gasoline engine tends to high performance, fuel economy, small-sized. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems on thermal load, abnormal combustion, etc, in the engine, Thine film instantaneous temperature measurement probe was made. And the manufactural method of probe was established. The instantaneous surface temperatures in the constant volume combustion chamber were measured by this probe and the heat flux was obtained by Fourier analysis. The authors measured the wall temperature of combustion chamber and computed the heat flux through the cylinder wall in order to understand the combustion characteristics depending on height of probe. For achieving this goal, the thin film instantaneous temperature probe was developed for analyzing the instantaneous surface wall temperature and unsteady heat flux on the constant volume combustion chamber.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3B
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• pp.47-55
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• 1999

A study on swirl chamber for diesel engine is to realize lower fuel consumption and exhaust emission than the current marketing engines. Author formerly reported the performance characteristics of small IDI diesel engine with swirl chamber by changing the jet passage area and its angle, and the depth and shape of the piston top cavity. Following after the first report, in this paper, the characteristics of fuel consumption, soot emission, and exhaust gas temperature were examined and analyzed after dimension of jet passage area expanded to $70.1mm^2$ The results were that the optimum values of the jet passage area depending on the depth of the piston top cavity were different at each engine speeds and loads, and in accordance with application of engine running conditions they were able to be selected as optimum dimensions of each design parameters.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 1983

Implantation of Dual Chamber Pacemakers Which sense in the Atrium and the Ventricle, and sequentially or synchronously trigger impulses in the both chambers, has led us to the near realization of the ideal "Physiologic Pacing". We have experienced two cases of implantation of Dual chamber pacemaker in September and October, 1983. One patient was a 21-year-old male who had postoperative complete heart block since he was taken Total correction of TOF in May, 1983 . We implanted transvenously a dual chamber pacemaker, VDD type, through the left subclavian vein. In the other patient who came to the emergency room for partial obstruction of small bowels with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, in whom heart block was found, we implanted a DDD type pacemaker through the left subclavian puncture. The pacemakers have been functioning well postoperatively for more than two months, and the conditions of patient were uneventful.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

These anti-jamming GPS systems are verified using large anechoic chamber or field-test until now. When using a large anechoic chamber, Independent verification from external enviroments like noise is an advantage but high cost and availability of chamber are disadvantages. And in case of field test, verification under real propagation enviroment is an advantage but security problem of military equipments and problem of making same test condition are disadvantages. This paper presents an newly developed anti-jamming GPS test system. This test system mainly consists of small anechoic chamber, jamming divider, jamming signal generator and satellite simulator. The small anechoic chamber is installed many jamming antennas to transmit multi jamming signals and the jamming divider is newly developed to control multi jamming signals. According to self performance test and combined test with Anti-jamming GPS receiver, we verified our system's reliability.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

Recently PTW developed a MicroLion liquid ionization chamber which is water_equivalent and has a small sensitive volume of $0.002cm^3$. The aim of this work is to investigate such dosimetric characteristics as dose linearity, dose rate dependency, spatial resolution, and output factors of the chamber for the external radiotherapy photon beam. The results were compared to those of Semiflex chamber, Pinpoint chamber and Diode chamber with the sensitive volumes of $0.125cm^3$, $0.03cm^3$ and $0.0025cm^3$, respectively and evaluated to be suitable for small fields. This study was performed in the 6MV photon energy from a Varian 2300 C/D linac accelerator and the MP3 water phantom (PTW, Freiburg) was used. Penumbras in the varios field sizes ranged from $0.5{\times}0.5cm^2$ to $10{\times}10cm^2$ were used to evaluate the spatial resolution. Output factors were measured in the field sizes of $0.5{\times}0.5$ to $40{\times}40cm^2$. Readings of the chamber was linearly proportional to dose. Dose rate dependency was measured from 100 MU/min to 600 MU/min, showed a maximum difference of 5.0%, and outputs decreased with dose rates. The spatial resolutions determined with comparing profiles for the field sizes of $0.5{\times}0.5cm^2$ to $10{\times}10cm^2$ agreed between every detector except the Semiflex chamber to within 2%. Outputs of detectors were compared to that of Semiflex chamber and showed good agreements within 2% for every chamber. This study shows that MicroLion chamber characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and water equivalence could be suitable for the small field dosimetry.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2009

It is common to design the duct branches where to supply the required air flow for individual room in residential apartment house. However it is difficult to adjust the air volume adequately in small air duct branches in residential ventilation system. The purpose of this study is to figure out the performance of Multidrop chamber coupling system for the residential ventilation system. The experiments were designed to simulate apartment of $84m^2$ and established multidrop chamber duct and general duct on the ceiling of the apartment. Distribution performance of air supply rate were evaluated in this experiments. As a result, distribution performance of air supply rate in the general duct is different from designed air supply rate by about 35% ~ 50% and about 10% in the multidrop chamber system. In additional the sound insulation performance of the multidrop chamber system decreased about 20% compared with general duct system. Therefore, the multidrop chamber system is considered to satisfy proper air supply rate of each room and to improve the sound insulation performance in apartment Houses.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

The effects of the internal flow in a diesel injection nozzle on the atomization of the spray has been investigated experimentally. Flow visualization was made using a transparent acrylic model nozzle. And also, measurement of the sac chamber pressure was made for clartfying the effect of pressure fluctuation in the sac chamber on the wpray behaviors. The geometry of the model nozzle was scaled up 10 times of the actual nozzle and the injection pressure for the model nozzle was adjusted so as to achieve a Reynolds number at the discharge hole which was the same as the actual nozzle. Polystyrene tracers, a laser sheet light and a still/high speed video camera were used to visualize the flow pattern in the sac chamber. When the needle lift was small, the high turbulence in the sac chamber generated by the high velocity seat flow made the spread angle of the spray large. Cavitation which arose in the sky chamber induced the pressure fluctuation and then affects the spread angle of the spray.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.584-588
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• 1997

A new device to accurately deliver small amount of modifier into supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is described. Carbon dioxide, the most widely used mobile phase in supercritical fluid chromatography, is a relatively non-polar fluid, and hence the addition of small amount of polar modifiers could be necessary to migrate polar solutes. In this work, supercritical CO₂and modifier are delivered from the pump to a 100 μL mixing chamber in which a small magnetic bar is rotating. After passing through the mixing chamber, supercritical CO₂is changed to a new mobile phase with different polarity. The amount of modifier added into supercritical CO₂is measured by an amperometric microsensor, which is prepared from a thin film of perfluorosulfonate ionomer.