• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

The study was carried out to evaluate odor emission during storage time and quality of liquid slurry fertilizer along with three storage container types installed at farmer's fields in Cheorwon. Liquid slurry manure stored in the liquid-circulated or the air-injected tank was very homogeneous in concentration of nutritional elements because of well mixing operation, while nutritional concentration of the manure stored in the non-treated tank was significantly different from top to bottom in the tank, which may bring about partially irregular growth of plant after its application. The potential capacity of offensive odor emitted from liquid slurry manure stored in the liquid-circulated or the air-injected tank was much lower than that emitted from manure stored in the non-treated tank. Low potential capacity may less emit offensive odor after application of piggery liquid slurry on the field. The efficiency in oder to reduce odor emission from liquid manure was slightly higher in the liquid-circulated tank than the air-injected tank

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2022

To investigate the curing temperature effect on the engineering properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag-cement bentonite (GGBS-CB) slurry for cutoff walls, the laboratory experiments including the setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability tests were carried out. The mixing procedure for GGBS-CB slurry was as follows: (1) montmorillonite-based bentonite slurry was first fabricated and hydrated for four hours, and (2) cement or GGBS with cement was added to the bentonite slurry. The dosage range of GGBS was from 0 to 90 % of cement by mass fraction. The GGBS-CB slurry specimens were cured and stored in environmental chamber at temperature of 14±1, 21±1, 28±1℃ and humidity of 95±2% until target days. The highest average temperature of three seasons in South Korea was selected and used for the tests. The experimental results indicated that in early age (less than 28 days) of curing the engineering properties of GGBS-CB slurry were primarily affected by the curing temperature, whereas the replacement ratio of GGBS became a main factor to determine the properties of the slurry as the curing time increased.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine whether spraying an anti-microbial agent into the slurry pit will reduce the noxious odor substances from piggery barns. For this, a total of 200 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 1.47 kg were selected and housed in two different rooms, i.e. control (CON) and treatment (TRT). Each room has 100 pigs (60 gilts and 40 borrows). For a period of 42 days, all pigs were fed with corn-soybean meal-based basal diet. Later the noxious odor substances were measured by the following methods. First, fecal samples were randomly collected and stored in sealed and unsealed containers, and sprayed with the non-anti-microbial agent (NAMA) (saline water) and multi-bacterial spraying (MBS) agent (200 :1, mixing ratio-fecal sample : probiotic), Second, the slurry pit of CON and TRT rooms were directly sprayed with NAMA and MBS, respectively. The fecal sample that was stored in sealed and un-sealed containers and sprayed with MBS significantly reduced NH₃ and CO₂ concentration at the end of day 7. However, at the end of day 42, the fecal sample showed a lower H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acid, and CO₂ concentration compared to the unsealed container. Moreover, at the end of days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 compared to the CON room and TRT room slurry pit emits lower concentrations of NH₃, acetic acid, H₂S, and methyl mercaptans, and CO₂ into the atmosphere. Based on the current findings, we infer that spraying anti-microbial agents on pig dung would be one of the better approaches to suppress the odor emission from the barn in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.758-765
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• 1999

Comparative studies of the effects of rates and frequency of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa and various forage grasses have not previously been conducted. The results being reported here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing the effectiveness of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), various grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from applied dairy slurry. The objectives of this part of the study were to evaluate the effects of various rates and frequencies of application of slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa-orchanrdgreass and alfalfa-reed canarygrass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting management system. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and time of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots consisted of the two grasses and two alfalfa-grass mixture mentioned above. Slurry was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall housing barn and water added to form a slurry having about 8% solids. Manure was pumped from a liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden water cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields within species were generally unaffected by various rates of application in the first production year. Herbage yields of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures the second year were generally not affected by frequency of application for the same rate of slurry applied. Slurry application resulted in greater herbage yield increases in grasses than alfalfa-grass mixtures in the 4-cutting management system. In general, herbage dry matter yields of grasses from the dairy slurry treatments equaled or exceeded yields from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Stand ratings of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures were not changed by manure application rates. In this study, the highest rate of slurry ($967kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1995 plus $2,014kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1996) was not detrimental to herbage yields or stand persistence of any of the species. It was concluded that applying dairy slurry to these cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures managed in a 4-cutting system is an acceptable practice from the standpoint of herbage yield and satnd persistence and by doing so the utilization of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.308-316
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure. Methods: The CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor. Results: All chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p<0.05). Electrical conductivity and pH contents did not differ among treatments. The biological oxygen demand of the slurry pit treatment was greater than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen contents of the slurry pit treatment were greater than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Odor intensity of the CPRS treatment was lower than that of the control at indoor, exhaust, and outside sampling points (p<0.05). The temperature and carbon dioxide of the CPRS treatment in the pig barn was significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). All measured odorous material contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The CPRS application in pig farms is considered a good option as it continuously reduces the organic load of animal manure and lowers the average odorant concentration below the threshold of detecting odorous materials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.766-771
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• 1999

The first paper of this series compared the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yields and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting system. This paper compares the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa, orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture managed as a 5-cutting system. The results presented here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing alfalfa, various grasses, and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from dairy slurry applied to established stands. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots were the forage species. Manure used for the study was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall dairy barn. Water was added to from a slurry having about 8 % solids. Slurry was pumped from the liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden watering cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields of alfalfa, tall fescue, and alfalfa-orchardgrass were generally not affected by slurry application rates and were not significantly different from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Tall fescue significantly outyielded all other forage species at all manure and the inorganic fertilizer treatments in the second year when rainfall during the growing season was unusually high. Grasses generally had a greater response to manure applications than alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Increasing rates of manure did not increase herbage yields of alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Herbage yields within each species were not affected by frequency of application of the same total rate. Stand ratings of alfalfa, orcahrdgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass were significantly lower for the very high manure application rate compared to the control treatment. Based upon the results of this study, multiple annual applications of slurry manure can be made onto these species at rates up to $1,700kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ without detrimental effects on herbage yield and stand persistence.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Most Waste slurry is produced in the process of silicon manufacturing for semiconductor industry, containing silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC). Waste slurry is simply stored with solidifying by cement or buried. On the other hand, it was suggested in this study that the waste slurry should be used for heating source as supplementary material in steel making process. The waste slurry was refined and pulverized, which was recycled into SiC-based sludge briquette. Chemical composition for SiC-based sludge briquette was analyzed and the feature of heating source was observed in accordance with the injection time and input amount. As a result, SiC-based sludge briquette in terms of low cost and high efficiency had an effect on increasing liquid steel temperature in steel making plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2010

With the increase of human activities since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration has increased, which is believed the cause of climate change. Methane ($CH_4$) fluxes were measured at two commercial swine barns (Jarvis and Guelph) with a four tower micrometeorological mass balance method. Two and three separate measurements were conducted at Jarvis and at Guelph, respectively. In the Jarvis experiments from May to July, mean $CH_4$ flux ($490.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was lower than that during nighttime ($678.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be caused by break of slurry temperature stratification. In the Guelph experiment from January to April, mean $CH_4$ flux ($62.9{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was higher than that during nighttime ($39.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be generated by high slurry temperature at 3 cm depth after April 6. Slurry temperature stratification in the Guelph experiment would happen from January to March.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2006

This paper describes the changes of characteristics of pig slurry according to storing depth. Most of the substances containing pollutants, such as were Management of manure and wastewater from animal confinement facilities is a critical factor for pollution control. With proper treatment processing method in both solid and liquid forms, it can be used as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. In Korea, liquid-manure handling system is very popular because its treatment and application is easy and labor saving. In the storage tank treatment, the period of fermentation process and solids-liquid separation averages six months and the supernatant liquid is being used as a fertilizer. In this study, the changes in chemical characteristics of pig slurry at varying depths of the storage tank were investigated. Results showed that the pH value of the fermented pig slurry was > 7, while the major pollutants such as BOD, SS, N and P were highest in the bottom of the tank. Therefore, the above findings proved that varying depths in the storage tank can influence the concentration of pollutants of the fermented pig slurry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2015

This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of slurry acidification in reducing ammonia emission from manure storage and application. The non-fermented cattle manure (NFC) and swine slurry (SS) were acidified by sulfuric acid and stored in an acryl chamber for 168 and 96 hours, respectively. Ammonia emitted from the chamber was collected using an acid trap system. The amount of ammonia emission was significantly reduced when the livestock manures were treated with sulfuric acid. The absolute amount of ammonia in NFC increased rapidly starting from 48 h and 72 h in the control (pH 8.6) and acidified NFC (pH 6.5), respectively. The absolute amount of ammonia was the highest at 96 h ($3.65g\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$) in the control and at 144 h ($2.34g\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$) in pH 6.5 NFC. The cumulative ammonia content in the control continuously increased until 96 h and was maintained until 168 h, whereas the increase rate of emission gas accumulation in acidified NFC was much less throughout the experimental period. Acidification of SS mitigated ammonia emission as proven in NFC. The cumulative amount of ammonia emission was decreased by 49.4% and 92.3% in the acidified SS at pH 6.5 and pH 5.5, respectively, compared to the control at 96 h after treatment. These results indicate that ammonia emission can be significantly reduced by sulfuric acid treatment of livestock manure during processing and the subsequent land application.