• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

This study was wnducte to investigate the effects of treatment level and seasons of sluny hm bovine feces on the productivity of rye, N efficiency and improvement of soil fertility under the Korean climate condition. The results obtained fiom this study summarized as follows ; 1. The highest dry matter yield of rye was obtained in the partial fertilization of sluny in spring or autumn. There is no differences of dry matter yield between spring and autumn application. 2. With increasing the amount of slurry-N, the dry matter yield of rye was signigicantly increased up to 100Kg sluny Nha. As the level of slurry-N rises above about 100Kg N/ha, the maximal yield of dry matter was unchanged or declined. 3. As the level of sluny fertilization rises, the crude protein content of rye increases significantly. However the contents of crude protein was less affected by the application seasons. 4. The amount of nitrogen which produced 6om rye is dependent upon the level of slurry-N. The highest nitrogen yield of rye was obtained by the partial fertilization of sluny-N. 5. The season or amount of slurry treatments did not affect the organic matter content in soil. N-content in soil was the lowest by the partial fertilization of slurry in spring or autumn. However, N-content was increased with the higher level of sluny-N.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1997

Many farmers apply cattle slurry on grassland, often in excess of crop N requirements, resulting in groundwater contamination. Our research objective was the development of grassland management systems that reduce undesirable sideeffects on other compartment of the ecosystem. Field experiment was conducted during 1991~1993 on sandy loam soil at AllgZiu south western Germany. Different sets of conditions were tested such as : zero fertilization, reduced sluny application$(l20kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1})$, intensive sluny application(conventional sluny application, $240kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). The plots of the reduced slurry application had no significant effect on dry matter yields, digestible dry matter and net energy of herbage. Dry matter yield of zero fertilization was significantly lower than that of usual slurry application, however the content of Ca and Mg in herbage tended to increase. We conclude that reduced sluny application can be applied on grassland without adverse effects on dry matter production and quality of herbage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2003

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1997

The aim of the study is to describe the fate and transformation of nitrogen in grassland ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted using sandyloam soil under variabling conditions: Zen, fertilization, reduced slurry application(l20kg N $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), usual sluny application (240 kg N $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$).Soil water samples were gathered with 120cm ceramic cups with initial pressure of 0.5 bar. Samples were collected twice a month and analysed for NO, colormetrically. Percolation was calculated as the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and leaching as the product of percolation and nitrate content of the water h m the ceramic cups. The N$H_4$-N content in soil had no significant effect on slurry application, but high slurry application on grassland resulted in high N$O_3$-N content in soil. The NO, concentration in soil water was remarkably variable during the year. The average N$O_3$, concentration during experiment became the lowest(8.5 mg/e ) without slurry application and highest with 240kOa cattle sluny(25.3 mg4 ). For each of the three different amounts of cattle sluny applied (0, 120, and 240kOa), the amount of N$O_3$-N leached per year were 12, 23 and 29kg/ha respectively. On grassland under the climatic conditions of Allgau showed enormous nitrate leaching, which has a p a t potential of polluting the ground water. The high pool of mineral N in the soil are the source for N$O_3$ leaching. The leaching of N$O_3$ cannot be avoided completely, but minimized by optimizing N fertilization rate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1994

This study was investigated for the purposes of securing forage resource using idled rice paddy recently increased in accordance to a current trend of farm products' liberalization and also of presevation of environment by using cattle sluny as liquid manure, which is seriously increasing these days. In this study, mean annual dry matter yield and its seasonal variation with reed canarygrass, and a optimum rate of cattle sluny application were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. According to the conditions of cutting frequencies(3, 4 and 5 cutting per year), mean annual dry matter yield was recorded from 8.9 tons to 10.9 tons per hectare and was the highest at 3 cutting frequency. 2. The use of cattle sluny with the levels of between 300 and 360 kg N per hectare showed a significantly higher mean annual dry matter yield than that of the control (non-fertilization). 3. The treatments with 3 and 4 cutting frequencies(90 kg Nhdyear, 120 kg Nhdyear) recorded higher dry matter yields than the control of the former level by 1.23 tons and 2.34 tons respectively and in the treatment of 5 cutting frequency, the second level with cattle sluny of 300 kg Nhdyear showed an increased dry matter yield of 2.11 tons compared to the former level(l50 kg Nhdyear). With regards to nitrogen efficiency, one kg of nitrogen is applied to 13.7, 19.4 and 14.1 kg of dry matter yields in the conditions of 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies respectively. 4. In view of seasonal variance of annual dry matter yield, the second cut in 3 cutting frequency, the third cut in 4 cutting frequency and the third in 5 cutting frequency showed the highest ratio as 42, 37 and 32% respectively compared to the total. 5. Under the conditions of this study, the 'Input-Output curve' from 5 cutting frequency was the closest to sigmaformed process(i=0.9993) of various cutting frequencies, and the maximum marginal yield in the treatment was obtained at the level of 250 kg Nha with cattle sluny. The economic level of cattle sluny was between 371.0 and 402.2 kg N and the highest dry matter yield was obtained at 489.3 kg Mdyear in the same treatment

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 1984

The surface smoothness of dental porelain after the use of various staining and glazing technique was examined by scanning electron microscopy. 1. Autogenous self-glazing technique produced a most rough surface. 2. The fixation of stain at $1,500^{\circ}F$ followed by thin slurry of glaze powder air fired to $1,800^{\circ}F$ produce the most smooth surface. 3. The technique thin sluny of glare powder followed by slurry of stain powder air fired to $1,800^{\circ}F$ produce the poor result.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.230-232
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• 1994

The enzymes $\alpha$-amylase and glucoamylase used in starch hydrolysis were found active in the supercritical carbon dioxide solvent Higher hydrolysis of starch sluny in supercritical $CO_2$ was achieved by operating the reactor for the first two hours with $\alpha$ -amylase and to subsequent addition of glucoamylase for continued hydrolysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to determine agronomic characteristics, nutritive value and yield (DM, CP) of Winter Rye as affected by different slurry application on the basis of N contents respectively and was arranged as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments (chemical fertilizer 160kg Nha, cattle sluny 160 . 320 480kg Nha, swine slurry 160 . 320 480kg Nha) and conducted at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, in Suweon 6om Sep. 1996. to Apr. 1997. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Plant height and leaf length was influenced by slurry application, was orderly ranked cattle sluny 480kg N1 ha > chemical fertilizer 160kg Nha > swine slurry 480kg Nha. Tiller number was increased with cattle slurry application, especilly, the effect of cattle slurry 480kg Nha was obvious but plot of swine slurry tended not to be regular. Crude protein content of rye increased as slurry application level was increased (p< 0.05), but not significant difference was found ADF and NDF content of rye. RFV(Re1ative Feed Value) of rye as affected by slurry application was classified as Grade 2 in all treatments at harvest, according to the forage quality standard assigned by AFGC. Dry matter yield was shown fiom 4,006 kgha to 8,037 kgha as affected by cattle slurry application, in the case of swine slurry application was shown ffom 4,594 kgha to 6,230 kgha (p< 0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate mineral content of Winter Rye, Nitrogen Balance, Soil chemical characteristics and NO,-N level in infiltration water as affected by different slurry application on the basis of N contents respectively and was arranged as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments (chemical fertilizer 160kg Nha, cattle slurry 160 . 320 - 480kg Nha, swine slurry 160 - 320 - 480kg Nha) and conducted at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, in Suweon fiom Sep. 1996. to Apr. 1997. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Nirogen, Phosphorous, Calcium and Potassium of Winter Rye slightly increased as slurry application level was increased (p$NO_3$-N content ($\mu$g/g) of Winter Rye was shown fiom 780 to 1,462 in all treatments, especially , the swine slurry plots were significantly higher than that of cattle sluny plots (p < 0.05). As slurry application increased, show a marked trend toward surplus N input in all treatment. The pH of the topsoil (0~IOcm) was shown 6om 5.1 to 5.4 except the plot of chemical fertilizer before experiment pH of 5.1, but the pH of the subsoil (10~20cm) tended not to be regular. The content of available ,TEX>$P_2O_5$ inaeased with the increased application of slurry, particularly, the topsoil (O- 1Ocm) were much higher than the subsoil (10~20cm). The $NO_3$-N content of infiltration water (depth:lm) was increased as affected by sluny application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1995

Tlis experiment was to study the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield and botanical compositions of Orchardgrass sward grown in 4 cuttings in a year. Annual rates of mineral N of O($N_0$), 120kg(($N_1$), 240kg(($N_2$) and 360kg/ha(($N_3$) were applied as urea, and cattle slurry applied at rates of O(($N_0=N_0$), $40m^3$($S_1$), $80m^3$(($S_2$) and $120m^3$($S_3$), suppling 120kg, 240kg and 360kgl ha, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The limiting annual application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry was estimated about 120kg/ ha. 2. The growth of Orchardgrass after the 3rd cut was decreased by summer depression. Consequently, the botanical compositions of Orchardgrass showed only 7.7% and 4.0% in 3rd and 4th cut, respectively. However, the 15 and 17 species of weeds originated in 3rd and 4th cut. 3. The botanical compositions of Amaranthus mangostanus in 3rd cut and Portulacea aleracea in 4th cut were greatly increased with application rates of cattle sluny. 4. Relative efficiency of cattle sluny for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass as compared to mineral N were 93.396, 99.5% and 113.6% in 120kg, 240kg and 360kglha at rates of cattle slurry, respectively.