• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1998

The propagation of water waves over irregular bottom bathymetry and around islands involves many process-shoaling, refraction, energy dissipation and diffraction. Numerical model in this study is developed with the mild slope equation to investigate wave transformation in water of varying depth and combined waves and a current. The method used is splitting method and minimax approximation. The numerical method used in this study is Crank-Nicolson scheme in the FDM. This model is applied to Vincent shoal and compared with laboratory experimental data. The results agreed well with laboratory data. Current effect is considered in this study. This model can be used for the estimation of rip current in the slowly varying topography.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2015

우리나라의 화강풍화토 지반의 사면붕괴 형태는 대부분 절토사면에서 발생하는 경우가 많고 풍화작용의 영향을 받는 표층부 지반 안정성을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 표층부에서 채취한 시료를 이용하여 기본 물성시험 및 점착력과 내부마찰각 시험을 수행하였고, 현장조사 결과를 토대로 자연사면의 안정성 검토를 수행여 형태별 패턴(쐐기형, 무한사면형, 유한사면형)을 분류 하였다. 또한 분류된 패턴별로 수치해석을 수행하였으며 그 결과를 토대로 최소안전율과 사면경사각의 관계를 개괄적인 안정도 추정에 기초 자료로서 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 산정된 강도정수들은 몇 개의 특정사면의 경우에 대한 것으로서 모든 사면의 안정해석에 그대로 적용 가능한 것은 아니다. 그러나 현실적으로 모든 경사면과 강도정수에 대해서 실험을 실시하는 것은 어려울 뿐만 아니라 비용면에서도 불가능한 실정이다. 따라서 사면안정에 영향을 미치는 단위중량, 점착력, 내부마찰각의 변화와 사면 경사각의 변화에 따른 위험도 평가를 정립하기 위해서는 수치모델링과 같은 방법을 사용하여 현장조건의 다양한 변화에 대응할 수 있는 패턴별 위험도 평가기준이 작성된다면 대단히 유용할 것이다. 따라서 대표적인 사면형태(TYPE-I~IV)와 사면경사각에 강도정수를 적용하여 최소 안전율을 제시한다면 자연사면의 간이 안정해석이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2013

대부분 사면파괴는 장마기간의 집중호우로 인해 발생하고 있다. 일정시간 강우가 지속되면, 지반의 함수비가 증가되고 모관흡수력이 감소되기 때문에 사면의 안전율은 저하된다. 지하수위 변화로 해석되는 안전율 설계기준은 실제 사면에서 일어나는 현상들을 설명하기에 부족함이 많이 있기 때문에 사면의 관리, 설계, 그리고 시공하는 문제에 있어서 불포화지반의 침투거동을 정확히 예측하여 사면의 불안정성을 평가하는 것이 요구된다. 일반적으로 강우에 의해 사면전체가 포화되는 것이 아니라 강우시간이 지속됨에 따라 얕은 깊이부터 포화되고, 모관흡수력은 급격히 감소한다. 이 상태가 지속되면 지반의 강도가 감소하여 대부분 얕은 파괴 또는 표층파괴 형태로 사면붕괴가 시작된다. 본 논문에서는 전통적인 사면의 건기와 우기시 사면안정해석과 불포화지반의 침투해석을 연계한 사면안정해석을 이론식과 수치해석의 검증을 통하여 포화토와 불포화토의 차이점을 실제 현장사면에 적용하여 비교분석하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2018

기존에 사용하고 있는 포화깊이를 추정하는 Green-Ampt (1911) 방정식과 무한사면 얕은파괴를 계산하는 Skempton & DeLory(1957) 방정식을 수치해석과 비교하여 오류를 확인하였다. 실제 비탈면에서 강우로 인한 사면 불안정성의 근본적인 원인을 방정식으로 간단하게 평가하기에는 계산 결과에 대한 오류와 과대 또는 과소평가가 되고 있는 부분들을 많이 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 화강풍화토 강도정수의 평균범위를 적용하여 불포화 침투해석을 고려한 방정식을 제안하고 수치해석 결과와 비교하여 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 비탈면의 붕괴에 위험을 주는 강우지속시간과 포화깊이를 확인하면서 사면 안전율 방정식을 여러 분야에서 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록 제안하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gait speed and walkway slope on the body acceleration, for the future validation of using an accelerometer in the estimation of energy consumption. Ten young healthy subjects with accelerometers on the upper thigh and ankle walked on a treadmill at 9 conditions(three speeds ${\times}$ three slopes) for 5 minutes. Acceleration signals of four directions, i.e. anterior-posterior(AP), medio-lateral(ML), superior-inferior(SI) and vector sum(VS) directions, of each sensor were measured, and root means squared(RMS) values of them were used as analysis variables. As statistical analysis, repeated measure two-way ANOVA was performed for RMS accelerations at each attachment sites, with slope and velocity as independent factors. At both the upper thigh and ankle, RMS acceleration of all directions were affected by gait velocities(p<.001) showing greater accelerations for higher velocities. Contrary to expectations, no slope effect existed in RMS accelerations at hip. Moreover, RMS acceleraion at ankle decreased with slope in SI and VS directions(p<.01). These results suggests that RMS acceleration cannot reflect the change in physical activity due to the change in walkway slope.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.143-164
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• 2013

Calculation of seismic displacements in reinforced slopes plays a crucial role in appropriate design of these structures however current analytical methods result indifferent values for permanent displacements of the slope. In this paper, based on limit equilibrium and using the horizontal slices method, a new formulation has been proposed for estimating the seismic displacements of a reinforced slope under earthquake records. In this method, failure wedge is divided into a number of horizontal slices. Assuming linear variations for tensile forces of reinforcements along the height of the slope, the coefficient of yield acceleration has been estimated. The simplicity of calculations and taking into account the frequency content of input triggers are among the advantages of the present formulation. Comparison of the results shows that the yield acceleration calculated by the suggested method is very close to the values resulted from other techniques. On the other hand, while there is a significant difference between permanent displacements, the values obtained from the suggested method place somehow between those calculated by the other techniques.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

The solar radiation is the primary energy source that drives many of the earth's physical and biological processes and climate change. Understanding its importance to the solar radiation observation is a key to understanding a broad range of natural processes, agricultural, energy and human activities. The purpose of this study is to estimate solar radiation using sunshine duration, and to estimate distribution of solar radiation using a topography factor considering surface slope and aspect in complex terrain. The result of regression analysis between ratio of solar radiation and sunshine duration from 2001 to 2010 shows high $R^2$ value of 0.878. Regression analyses indicated that topographic attributes including elevation, slope and aspect had significant effects on solar radiation. The variation of topographic factor with aspect and slope for the summer and winter are considered. The highest month of daily mean solar radiation at Jeju island appears in April of 20.61 $MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and the lowest month appears in December of 6.90 $MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. These results provided useful quantitative information about the influence of topography on solar radiation in the island region.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1358-1365
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• 2010

Estimating condition of slope is difficult because of nonlinear time dependency and seasonal effects, which affect the displacements. Displacements and displacement patterns of landslides are highly variable in time and space, and a unique approach cannot be defined to model landslide movements. Characteristics of movements are obtained by using a statistical method called Principal Component Analysis(PCA). The PCA is a non-parametric method to separate unknown, statistically uncorrelated source processes from observed mixed processes. In the non-parametric approaches, no physical assumptions of target systems are required. Instead, since the "best" mathematical relationship is estimated for given data sets of the input and output measured from target systems. As a consequence, non-parametric approaches are advantageous in modeling systems whose geomechanical properties are unknown or difficult to be measured. Non-parametric approaches are consequently more flexible in modeling than parametric approaches. This method is expected to be a useful tool for the slope management of and alarm systems.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.811-818
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• 2005

Stability analyses on the 17 railroad cut-off soil slopes were carried out. The influences of rainfall infiltration on the slope stabilities were taken into account by seepage analyses using finite element method and by assuming ground water tables to be located adjacent to soil surface. The validity of those analyses were evaluated by comparing the slope failure characteristics between analysis results and the past failure records. The analyses were not appropriate to estimate the failure surface and the method considering only the increase of pore-water pressure (reduction of matric suction) as the influence of rainfall cannot appropriately estimate the surficial failures that occurred most of the cut-off soil slopes. For the better estimation of the surficial failure, the influence of water flows over slope surface which erode soil mass and/or increase driving force, should be evaluated and considered.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

It is necessary, in the light of the importance of long-term slope stability problem, to develop a simple method or tool which can figure out the possible failure zone resulted from weathering effect and other factors. The FBG sensor system is used to estimate the correlations between the temperature and the slope in Yunhwajae, and to find a failure zone in slopes effectively. This research is to seek for the correlation between the soil temperature distribution and the strain distribution in a active zone by analyzing the data from the in-situ measurement so that the possible failure zone should be well defined based on the correlation. The zone of high temperature fluctuation can be regarded as one of the possible sliding zone due to the weathering effect while the constant temperature depth of the ground, if exists, would not be relatively affected by the weathering process.