• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2014

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used in various composite materials to enhance electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of composite materials. In this study, we investigate the wear characteristics of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) blends containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). PC/ABS blends are commonly used in many industrial applications such as cellular phones and display cases and MWCNTs have been added to the PC/ABS blends to improve their electromagnetic interference shielding (EMS). We performed wear tests on PC/ABS blends containing MWCNTs under reciprocating linear sliding conditions with chrome steel balls as a counterpart material. The normal loads were 10, 30, 50, 70, 100 N, the sliding speed was 10 mm/s, the stroke length was 15 mm, and the tests lasted 900 s. The MWCNTs included in the PC/ABS blends lower the wear volume and friction coefficient of the composites. We analyzed the wear debris collected from the composites during the tests in terms of the MWCNT concentration using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results show that the quantity of MWCNTs in the debris is proportional to the concentration of MWCNTs in the composite, indicating that the exposure of the MWCNTs to environments by wear could be increased with their concentration in the composite.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.881-885
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• 2003

인공치관용 알루미나-유리 복합체를 in vitro 분위기인 $37^{\circ}C$) 인공타액 하에서 49N~196N의 하중조건 하에서 ball-on-disc 형태로 120rpm의 회전속도로 직경 14mm인 트랙을 $10^{6}$) 횟수까지 내마모거동을 조사하기 위하여 내마모실험을 수행하였다. 하중이 49N,98N 196N으로 증가함에 따라, 마찰계수는 0.025로 일정하였지만 마모율은 2.18${\times}$$10^{-9}$$mm^{3}$/N.m, 3.37${\times}$$10^{-9}$$mm^{3}$/N.m, 2.35${\times}$$10^{-6}$$mm^{3}$/N.m로 증가하였다. 실험결과, 알루미나-유리 복합체의 마모거동은 마모길리 44km까지 전형적인 흡착마모로 치열교정용 세라믹 브라켓으로 적합하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1349-1354
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• 2013

고온의 가스유로를 조절하는 개폐식(On-Off)밸브의 구동축과 라이너 사이에 위치하여 구동장치로의 고온 가스유입을 방지하는 기밀 소재에 대하여 연구하였다. 기밀 소재로 사용된 그라파이트(Graphite)는 구동장치에 의한 구동축의 지속적인 움직임으로 인해 마모가 발생한다. 본 논문은 고온가스 조절 밸브 내의 기밀 소재로 사용된 그라파이트(Graphite, HK-6)에 대한 상 고온 마모 특성을 평가하였다. 구동축의 소재인 레늄합금(W-25Re)에 대하여 그라파이트의 마모 시험을 수행하고 마찰계수와 비마모율을 비교하였다. 상온과 실제 작동 환경인 고온 $485^{\circ}C$에서 미끄럼속도와 접촉하중의 변화에 따른 마찰계수와 비마모율을 평가하였다. 마모표면의 SEM 분석을 통하여 상 고온 마모표면에 관찰되는 third body 를 확인하고 이로 인한 윤활효과를 고찰하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.952-960
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• 1999

The effects of binder on the mechanical properties of the preforms and metal matrix composites (MMCs) were studied. Fibers were $9Al_2O_3{\cdot}2B_2O_3(Alborex)$, HTZ and $Al_2O_3$ fibers(Saffil) and binders were organic binder, inorganic binder, polyacrylamide under various PH conditions. Compressive strength of the preform increased with the addition of inorganic binder. The polyacrylamide did not improve the permeability of the preforms. PH of the slurry should be controlled because it affects the viscosity of the slurry. Good preforms were obtained under following conditions : 3 wt% inorganic binder, 0.1 wt% organic binder, 0.1 wt% polyacrylamide and PH 9. Tensile tests of MMCs were conducted at $20^{\circ}C,\;150^{\circ}C,\;250^{\circ}C,\;350^{\circ}C$ using MTS(100KN USA). Wear tests were conducted under various sliding speeds. High temperature($250^{\circ}C$) tensile strengths of Alborex/Saffil/AC8A and HTZ/AC8A are 80% and 75% of the room temperature tensile strengths respectively. The tensile and wear properties of the Alborex/Saffil/AC8A are superior to that of the HTZ/AC8A. The wear behavior of HTZ/AC8A shows more orthotropic characteristic than that of Alborex/Saffil/AC8A.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

마모 마찰기구로 널리 사용되는 그라파이트에 대하여, 고온가스 조절 밸브 내에서 가스 유입 방지용 씰링 그라파이트 소재(HK-6)의 고온 마모 거동에 대하여 연구하였다. 구동축과 라이너 사이에 위치하여 지속적인 마모의 발생을 모사하기 위해 왕복동 마모 시험을 수행하였다. 마모 거동 변화의 영향 인자로 접촉 하중, 미끄럼 속도, 온도를 설정하고 민감도를 확인하였다. 마모 발생이 가장 적고 씰링 그라파이트 소재(HK-6)의 효율이 증대되는 최적조건에 대해 논의하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

Aiming at the mechanical and structural characteristics of the contact zone composite rock, the shear tests and numerical studies were carried out. The effects of the differences in mechanical properties of different materials and the normal stress on shear properties of contact zone composite samples were analyzed from a macro-meso level. The results show that the composite samples have high shear strength, and the interface of different materials has strong adhesion. The differences in mechanical properties of materials weakens the shear strength and increase the shear brittleness of the sample, while normal stress will inhibit these effect. Under low/high normal stress, the sample show two failure modes, at the meso-damage level: elastic-shearing-frictional sliding and elastic-extrusion wear. This is mainly controlled by the contact and friction state of the material after damage. The secondary failure of undulating structure under normal-shear stress is the nature of extrusion wear, which is positively correlated to the normal stress and the degree of difference in mechanical properties of different materials. The increase of the mechanical difference of the sample will enhance the shear brittleness under lower normal stress and the shear interaction under higher normal stress.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 1999

세라믹 복합체의 미세구조는 이차상의 종류 및 양, 소결 조제, 그리고 소결 조건(즉, 소결온도, 압력, 유지시간)에 영향을 받는다. 또한, 내마모 특성은 미세구조와 작업 조건이 내마모 특성에 크게 영향을 미친다. 본 실험에서는 질화규소에 마그네시아의 양을 변화시켜 가압 소결(Hot Press) 방법으로 시편을 제조하였다. 마그네시아 양에 따른 미세구조, 기계적 특성(경도, 강도, 파괴인성), 그리고 다양한 분위기(공기, 물, paraffin oil)에서의 내마모 특성을 조사하였다. 질화규소에 마그네시아의 양이 증가하였을 때, 입계의 유리상이 $\beta$-상의 장주형 입자를 커지게 하고, 또한 Hertzian contact damage를 저하시킨다. 대기 중에서 내마모 거동은 강도뿐만 아니라 파괴인성과 관련이 있고, 물과 paraffin oil에서는 경도와 밀접하다. 물속에서 마모시험 중 많은 유리상이 물과 반응하는 것을 생각할 수 있다. 그러므로 마찰 화학적 반응(tribochemical reaction)은 마모도 저하시킨다. Paaraffin oil에서 높은 하중을 부하할 경우, Hertzian contact damage 때문에 초기 마모가 마모량에 지배적이다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2006

High velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF) thermal spray coating of WC-Co powder is one of the most promising candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating and ceramics coating because of the environmental problem of the very toxic $Cr^{6+}$ known as carcinogen and the brittleness of ceramics coating. WC-Co micron and nano powder were coated by HVOF thermal spraying method for the study of durability improvement of the high speed spindle. Coatings were planned by Taguchi program for the four spray parameters of spray distance, flow rates of hydrogen, oxygen and powder feed rate. Optimal coating process was obtained by the studies of coating properties such as porosity, surface roughness, micro hardness, and micro structure. WC-Co micron and nano powder were coated on the Inconel 718 substrate by the optimal coating process obtained in this study. The wear behaviors were studied by the sliding wear tester at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for the application to high speed spindle. Sliding wear test was carried out for four most promising hard coatings of chrome coating, ceramics coatings such as $A1_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$ and HVOF Co-alloy T800 for the comparison of their wear behaviors. HVOF WC-Co coating was better than other coatings showing highest micro hardness of 1400 Hv and comparable friction coefficients with others. HVOF WC-Co coating is a strong candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating for the high speed spindle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

In automotive brake systems, the frictional heat generated can cause high temperature at the interface of rotor and pad which may deteriorate the material properties of the sliding parts and can result in brake fade. Conventionally, a pie-shaped 3-dimentional model is adopted to calculate temperature of ventilated disk using finite element method. To overcome the difficulties in preparing 3D finite element model and reduce the computational time required, the ventilated rotor is to be analyzed, in this study, as an axisymmetric finite element model in which, taking into considerations the effects of cooling passages, a homogenization technique is used to obtain the equivalent thermal properties and boundary conditions for the elements placed at the vent holes. Numerical tests show the proposed procedure can be successfully applied in practice, replacing 3-dimensional thermal analysis of ventilated disk.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2004

Many of the current development in surface modification engineering are focused on multilayered coatings, which have the potential to improve the tribological properties. Four different multilayered coatings were deposited on AISI D2 steel in this study. The prepared samples are designed as $WC-Ti_{0.6}Al_{0.4}N,\;WC-Ti_{0.53}Al_{0.47}N,\;WC-Ti_{0.5}Al_{0.5}N\;and\;WC-Ti_{0.43}Al_{0.57}N$. The multilayered coatings were investigated with respect to coating surface and cross-sectional morphology, roughness, adhesion, hardness, porosity and tribological behaviors. Especially, wear tests of four multilayered coatings were performed by using a ball-on-disc configuration with a linear sliding speed of 0.017 m/sec and a normal load of 5.38 N load. The tests were carried out at room temperature in air by employing AISI 52100 steel ball $(H_R\;=\;66) $ having a diameter of 10 mm. The surface morphology, and topography of the wear scars of samples and balls have been determined by using scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). Also, wear mechanism was determined by using SEM coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results have showed an improved wear resistance of the $WC-Ti_{1-x}Al_xN$coatings with increasing of Al (aluminum) concentration.