• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between sitting time and BMI-defined low weight and overweight/obesity in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data were from Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey (KYRBS) in 2015 including 63,345 adolescents aged 12-18 years. The analysis investigated low-weight and overweight/obesity odds ratio(OR) according to study sitting time and leisure sitting time adjusted for sex, school grade, social-economic status(SES), physical activity and sleeping time. Results: After adjusting for sex, school grade, SES, physical activity and sleeping time, study sitting time and leisure sitting time were not significantly associated with low-weight. However, leisure sitting time was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Health program to less sitting time should be established with consideration for differences in risk according to sex, age, SES and active leisure time through the school physical class should be provided to adolescents. Additionally, strategies to promote healthy weight are required to integrate sitting time, physical activity and sleeping time in Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of 8 constitution acupuncture on a patient with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. Methods : In this study, a patient with CRPS was treated by 8 constitution acupuncture therapy. He was diagnosed in the Cholecystonia of 8 constitution diagnosis. The progress of symptoms were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and sleeping time. VAS and sleeping time were evaluated at 7:00 am daily. Results : VAS decreased from 10 to 4, while sleeping time increased from 30 minutes to 3 hours. Conclusion : The results suggest that 8 constitution acupuncture is effective for treating symptoms of CRPS type I.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Perillae Herba has been traditionally used for the sedation in the oriental countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether Perillae Herba ethanol extract (PHEE) enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors in animals. In addition, the possible mechanisms are demonstrated. PHEE (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. p.o.) reduced the locomotor activity in mice. PHEE reduced sleep latency and augmented the total sleep time in pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced sleep in mice. Furthermore, the number of sleeping mice treated with sub-hypnotic pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.) increased. PHEE (50 mg/kg. p.o.) decreased the sleep/wake cycles and wakefulness, and increased total sleeping time and NREM sleep in electroencephalogram (EEG) of rats. In addition, PHEE (0.1, 1.0 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) increased the intracellular $Cl^-$ level through the GABA receptors in the hypothalamus of rats. Moreover, the protein of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was overexpressed by PFEE. It was found that PHEE enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through $GABA_A-ergic$ transmissions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.119-132
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• 1985

The apparent effectiveness of 1-naphthyl-N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl) against a wide variety of insects motivated the study of its mammalian toxicity. In this toxicological study of carbaryl, mature male rats inhaled carbaryl at a mean concentration of 112mg, 168mg and 224 mg/$m^{3}$ for one hour. After inhalation, pentobarbital sleeping time, Nadph-cytochrome c reductase activity, cytochrome p-450 and protein content in liver microsomes, various tissue residues, cholinesterase inhibition in plasma and histopathological findings at autopsy were observed. The pentobarbital sleeping time was prolonged in rats inhaled with carbaryl for one day while the sleeping time was shortened in the 3 days inhaled group. The changes of cytochrome p-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited biphasic response showing the decrease in the one day inhaled group and the increase in the 3 days inhaled group. The marked depression of plasma ChE activity was observed in rats inhaled with carbaryl at 112 mg/$m^{3}$, however no more progressive effect was observed at the higher concentration of the compound. The main observations in histopathological finding were ciliary detachment, epithelial swelling and subepithelial inflammatory cellular infiltration in trachea due to the irritation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing sleep among Korea adolescents. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the 7th-8th National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016-2020. Participants were 1,984 people age 12-18. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, χ² test, and complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 2.50 times higher in normal subjects, than subjects underweight in body weight perception (95% CI= 1.29-4.81). The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 2.10 times higher in overweight subjects, than subjects underweight in body weight perception (95% CI= 1.14-3.87). The risk of sleeping less than 8 hours was 1.36 times higher in subjects high in stress status, than subjects low in stress status (95% CI= 1.05-1.75). The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 1.99 times higher in subjects who had not eaten, than subjects who had been eating breakfast (95% CI= 1.11-3.55). Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to intensify sleep management required through proper health behavior as well as the mental health management of adolescents and improvement in eating behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.378-387
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• 2018

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution in recent years, the field of health care services is getting attention again. Accordingly, personalized medical systems through smart products are emerging in various forms. With the use of wearable tech and sensor system, health management and monitoring can be done anytime, anywhere without help of others. However, healthcare services for pregnant women are very scarce. Due to the low fertility rate the number of obstetrics and gynecology is decreasing and as a result, environment surrounding the uncomfortable pregnant women is getting worse. Pregnant women are unable to take a comfortable sleeping posture due to pregnancy. Various environmental factors such as noise, temperature and humidity decrease the quality of sleeping of pregnant women and hinder happy preaching. The purpose of this study is to develop a UI design that can manage sleeping by providing good sleeping posture information and improved sleeping environment for the health of pregnant women. We expect to apply the sensor technology of the 4th industrial age to maximize the sleep quality and quality of life of expectant mothers.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2015

In the previous experiments, we reported that ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Gastrodia ElataBlume (Orchidaceae) increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. These experiments were undertaken to know whether 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBD), is one of the major compounds of Gastrodiae Rhizoma increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and changes sleep architectures via activating GABA_A-ergic systems in rodents. 4-HBD decreased locomotor activity in mice. 4-HBD increased total sleep time, and decreased of sleep onset by pentobarbital (28 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). 4-HBD showed synergistic effects with muscimol (a GABA_A receptor agonist), shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. On the other hand, 4-HBD (200 mg/kg, p.o.) itself significantly inhibited the counts of sleepwake cycles, and prolonged total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in rats. Moreover, 4-HBD increased intracellular Cl⁻ levels in the primary cultured cerebellar cells. The protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA_A receptors subunits were over-expressed by 4-HBD. Consequently, these results demonstrate that 4-HBD increased NREM sleep as well as sleeping behaviors via the activation of GABA_A-ergic systems in rodents.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-52
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• 2010

What van Fraassen calls 'Reflection Principle' is claimed to meet several counterexamples, one of which stands out in the form of the Sleeping Beauty problem. Adam Elga argues that what he believes is the correct answer to the Sleeping Beauty problem shows that Reflection is subject to counterexamples. David Lewis proposes a different answer which preserves Reflection intact. Recently, Nick Bostrom presents a hybrid view which is supposed to allow us to keep Reflection. In proposing his hybrid view Bostrom criticizes both Elga and Lewis while taking some 'good' parts from each. He claims that Elga's view is not entirely acceptable because it presupposes the 'Self-Indication Assumption'. I shall claim, however, that Elga could avoid Bostrom's criticisms by introducing Bostrom's notion of agent-part. I believe that several probability-related puzzles including the Sleeping Beauty problem indicate a promising view concerning the way we should regard our future selves' opinions. According to this view, whether one takes the outsider stance or insider stance makes a difference in an important way that one and the same proposition is associated with different degrees of belief by one agent.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2018

Background: Fatigue and sleepiness are inter-related and common among road transport drivers. In this study, sleep deprivation and fatigue among chemical transportation drivers were examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveying 107 drivers from three hazardous types of chemical production and transportation industries (nonflammable gases, flammable gases, and flammable liquids) was conducted. Data on sleep deprivation were collected using questionnaires of the Stanford Sleeping Scale and the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Fatigue was assessed using an interview questionnaire and a flicker fusion instrument. Results: Chemical drivers had a mean sleeping scale (Stanford Sleeping Scale) of 1.98 (standard deviation 1.00) and had a mean score of 1.89 (standard deviation 2.06) on the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. High-risk drivers had higher scores in both the Stanford Sleeping Scale and the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale with a mean score of 2.59 and 4.62, respectively, and those differences reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). The prevalence of fatigue, as assessed through a critical flicker fusion analyzer, subjective fatigue question, and either of the instruments, was 32.32%, 16.16%, and 43.43%, respectively. Drivers who slept <7 hours and had poor sleep quality were found to have more fatigue than those who slept enough and well. Drivers who had a more sleepiness score resulted in significantly more objective fatigue than those who had a less sleepiness score. Conclusion: Sleep quality and sleeping hour can affect a driver's fatigue. Optimization of work-rest model should be considered to improve productivity, driver retention, and road safety.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is for discovering the clinical Features of the sleep in ordinary symptoms based on the Sasang Constitution. The result of this study could be helpful to understand and to identify the patients as Soeumin in contrast with the other constitutions-Soyangin, Taeumin and Taeyangin. Methods : There were 1,229 patients(700 female), who answered the questionnaire about their ordinary sleeping patterns. They had been diagnosed, including their clinical Sasang Constitution, by the Sasang Constitution specialist at Bundang Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University. By applying the binary logistic regression analysis, we can measure the characteristics and the influence of ordinary sleeping patterns to the dependent variable(Sasang Constitution). Results : As a result of the binary logistic analysis on the observed questionnaire, we found the characteristics of the ordinary sleeping patterns on Soeumin in contrast the other constitutions. Firstly, Soeumin has a tendency that he wouldn't snore well in comparison with the others. Secondly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will dreams more, when he sleeps in contrast with the others. Thirthly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will sleep longer than 6-7hours. Fourthly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will struggle during sleeping in contrast with the others. Conclustion : This study will be used to identify patients as Soeumin in contrast with the others-Soyangin, Taeumin and Taeyangin.