• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.3322-3337
• /
• 2018

Sleep mode detection is a significant power management and green computing feature. However, it is difficult for televisions and smart TVs to detect deactivation events because we can use these devices without the assistance of an input device. In this paper, we propose a robust method for smart TVs to detect deactivation events based on a visual combination of face and motion detection. The results of experiments conducted indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces incorrect face detection and human absence by means of motion detection. The results also show that the proposed method is robust and effective for smart TVs to reduce power consumption.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2011

This paper describes 250-Mb/s fiber optic transmitter and receiver ICs for plastic optical fiber applications using a$ 0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Simple signal and light detection schemes are introduced for power reduction in sleep mode. The transmitter converts non-return-to-zero digital data into 650-nm visible-red light signal and the receiver recovers the digital data from the incident light signal through up to 50-m plastic optical fiber. The transmitter and receiver ICs occupy only 0.62 $mm^2$ of area including electrostatic discharge protection diodes and bonding pads. The transmitter IC consumes 23 mA with 20 mA of LED driving currents, and the receiver IC consumes 16 mA with 4 mA of output driving currents at 250 Mb/s of data rate from a 3.3-V supply in active mode. In sleep mode, the transmitter and receiver ICs consume only 25 ${\mu}A$ and 40 ${\mu}A$, respectively.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2020

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors detect the distance of the surrounding environment and objects. Conventional LiDAR sensors require a certain amount of a power because they detect objects by transmitting lasers at a regular interval depending on a constant resolution. The constant power consumption from operating multiple LiDAR sensors is detrimental to autonomous and electric vehicles using battery power. In this paper, we propose two algorithms that improve the inefficient power consumption during the constant operation of LiDAR sensors. LiDAR sensors with algorithms efficiently reduce the power consumption in two ways: (a) controlling the resolution to vary the laser transmission period (T_P) of a laser diode (LD) depending on the vehicle's speed and (b) reducing the static power consumption using a sleep mode depending on the surrounding environment. A proposed LiDAR sensor with a resolution control algorithm reduces the power consumption of the LD by 6.92% to 32.43% depending on the vehicle's speed, compared to the maximum number of laser transmissions (N_x·max). The sleep mode with a surrounding environment-sensing algorithm reduces the power consumption by 61.09%. The proposed LiDAR sensor has a risk factor for 4-cycles that does not detect objects in the sleep mode, but we consider it to be negligible because it immediately switches to an active mode when a change in surrounding conditions occurs. The proposed LiDAR sensor was tested on a commercial processor chip with the algorithm controlling the resolution according to the vehicle's speed and the surrounding environment.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2013

In this paper, technologies applied to design urination detection device on diaper that issues an alarm signal to guardian within 10~20m are introduced. It features power saving that uses both low power bluetooth v4.0 chip and low-power program scheme that makes sensor and mirco-controller to be sleep mode while data is not receiving from sensor. Urination detection algorithm that utilizes the difference between previous sensing data and current values is used to improve the degree of the detection precision level. The device designed with the suggested technologies shows the performance that is 100ml of the minimum urine amount for detection, more than 90% of urination detection degree, and 100% of wireless communication success rate.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2015

The conventional 1 Hall sensor-type water gauge has some defects that it can not detect counterflow and low-speed flow of water, and it also generates power consumption during even sleep mode. In this paper, a low-power consumption wireless digital remote water gauge with a counterflow detection capability is proposed. The proposed water gauge detects the direction and amount of water flow by using the three Hall sensors placed at $120^{\circ}$ intervals with 8-year national standard life durability. The water gauge with three Hall sensors works without error regardless of water speed does not generate power dissipation during sleep mode by presented reading algorithm for bew water gauge. The proposed water gauge is designed to send its ID, current time and counting value to repeater or central control center with specified frequency by RF Module.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we designed a low power face detection hardware and analysed its power consumption. The face detection hardware was fabricated using Samsung 0.18um CMOS technology and it can detect multiple face locations from a 2-D image. The hardware is composed of 6 functional modules and 11 internal memories. We introduced two operating modes(SLEEP and ACTIVE) to save power and a clock gating technique was used at two different levels: modules and registers. In additional, we divided an internal memory into several pieces to reduce the energy consumed when accessing memories, and fully utilized low power design option provided in Synopsis Design Compiler. As a result, we could obtain 68% power reduction in ACTIVE mode compared to the original design in which none of the above low power techniques were used.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2016

This paper reports a Ringer's solution detector and transceiver design for the efficient management of patients. The ringer's solution detection and transceiver consisted of the main control part, ringer's solution detection part, display and warning light part, wireless transceiver, and power supply part. The light receiving part of the ringer's solution detection part employed TSL260R-LF photodiode; light permeating part, Water-Clear type LED; and wireless transceiver part, the RF wireless data transceiver module, NR-FPCX. As a result of this Ringer's solution detector and transceiver design that can manage the patient efficiently, it was found that when the ringer's solution was detected by the double photodiode, the operating frequency was 11.95kHz; when it was not detected, the number was 9.6kHz. In the ringer's solution receiver, when the ringer's solution was detected, the number was 0. The corresponding unique RF code was displayed when not detected. The power used in the ringer's solution detection part was converted to the Sleep mode to operate under battery save mode. The ringer's solution transceiver can exchange wireless communication approximately within a 700m radius.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2012

This study is described for development of the stand-alone smoke and heat detector (SASHD) according to the revised in 2011 type approval and performance inspection code for detector. The main improvement of the revised regulation is source. CMOS microcontroller with nano watt technology is use for development of the workable SASHD over 10 years. The low-power SASHD is developed by using the power-saving sleep mode of microcontroller, by making the low-power source voltage checker, heat detector and smoke detector. The stand-alone detector is developed by smoke and heat detector type for reduce false fire alarm. User can choose type of work between the heat detection mode and smoke & heat detection mode. The SASHD can communicate with each them using RS-485 communication supported from microcontroller. So, this study can develop the SASHD that is able to alarm more wide area when fire occurs and reduce a flash fire alarm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2013

Train accidents can be directly connected to fatal accidents-collision, derailment, Fire, railway crossing accidents-resulting in tremendous human casualties. First of all, the railway derailment is not only related to most of railway accidents but also it can lead to much more catastrophic accompanying train overtured than other factors. Therefore, it is most important factor to ensure railway safety. some foreign countries have applied to the detector machines(e.g., ultrasonic detector car, sleep mode, current detector, optical sensing, optical fiber). Since it was developed in order to prevent train from being derailed. In korea, the existing track method has been used to monitor rail condition using track circuit. However, we found out it impossible for Communication Based Train Control system(CBTC), recent technology to detect rail condition using balise(data transmission devices) without no track circuit. For this reason, it is needed instantly to develop real-time monitoring system used to detect broken rails. Firstly, this paper presents domestic and international statues analysis of rail breaks technology. Secondly, the composition and the characteristics of the real-time monitoring system. Finally, the evidence that this system could assumed the location and type of broken rails was proved by the experiment of prototype and operation line tests. We concluded that this system can detect rail break section in which error span exist within${\pm}1m$.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.312-334
• /
• 2023

In large-scale computing, cloud computing plays an important role by sharing globally-distributed resources. The evolution of cloud has taken place in the development of data centers and numerous servers across the globe. But the cloud information centers incur huge operational costs, consume high electricity and emit tons of dioxides. It is possible for the cloud suppliers to leverage their resources and decrease the consumption of energy through various methods such as dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs), by keeping idle nodes in sleep mode and mistreatment of live migration. But the performance may get affected in case of harsh consolidation of VMs. So, it is a desired trait to have associate degree energy-performance exchange without compromising the quality of service while at the same time reducing the power consumption. This research article details a number of novel algorithms that dynamically consolidate the VMs in cloud information centers. The primary objective of the study is to leverage the computing resources to its best and reduce the energy consumption way behind the Service Level Agreement (SLA)drawbacks relevant to CPU load, RAM capacity and information measure. The proposed VM consolidation Algorithm (PVMCA) is contained of four algorithms: over loaded host detection algorithm, VM selection algorithm, VM placement algorithm, and under loading host detection algorithm. PVMCA is dynamic because it uses dynamic thresholds instead of static thresholds values, which makes it suggestion for real, unpredictable workloads common in cloud data centers. Also, the Algorithms are adaptive because it inevitably adjusts its behavior based on the studies of historical data of host resource utilization for any application with diverse workload patterns. Finally, the proposed algorithm is online because the algorithms are achieved run time and make an action in response to each request. The proposed algorithms' efficiency was validated through different simulations of extensive nature. The output analysis depicts the projected algorithms scaled back the energy consumption up to some considerable level besides ensuring proper SLA. On the basis of the project algorithms, the energy consumption got reduced by 22% while there was an improvement observed in SLA up to 80% compared to other benchmark algorithms.