• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2009

본 연구결과는 출하돈의 도체품질 향상과 품질인증 프로그램 구축을 위한 자료로 활용하기 위하여 2년 동안 53개 농장에서 출하된 248,787두에 대한 도체평가 결과를 모돈수에 의한 경영규모, 육성비육돈 단계의 사육밀도, 수송시간, 출하시점, 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 및 비육돈사 형태에 따라 도체등급과 PSE 발생율, 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과이며 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양돈장 경영규모는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 경영규모가 커질수록 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 출현율은 경영규모에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 양돈장 경영규모에 따라 일정한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 육성비육돈사 사육밀도는 도체등급에 영향을 미치며, 중간 밀도에서 좋은 등급을 나타내었으나, PSE 발생율은 낮은 밀도에서 오히려 높게 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 중간 밀도에서 우수하게 나타났으나 피하지방 점수는 사육밀도에 의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 출하돈의 수송시간에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으며, PSE 발생율 역시 수송시간에 의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수송시간은 도체 육질점수에 영향을 미치며, 1시간을 초과한 수송이 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수, 피하지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 출하시점은 출하후 계류를 통한 도축전 휴식과 관련되는데, 출하시점은 도체등급과 PSE 발생율에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수, 근내지방 점수 및 육탄력성 점수는 오전 10시 이전 출하가 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 피하지방 점수는 차이가 없었다. 5. 비육돈 후기사료 급여비율 차이에 의한 도체등급 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, PSE 발생율은 후기사료 21% 이상 급여가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 후기사료를 21% 이상 급여한 경우가 우수하게 나타났으며, 피하지방 점수는 후기사료를 20% 이내 급여가 우수하였으나, 육탄력성 점수는 비육후기사료 급여비율에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 6. 비육돈사 형태에 따른 도체등급의 차이는 무창돈사가 우수하게 나타났으나, PSE 발생율 또한 무창돈사가 높았다. 도체 근간지방 점수와 근내지방 점수는 비육돈사 형태에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 피하지방 점수와 육탄력성 점수는 개방돈사가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 양돈장 관리시스템 및 도축전 취급이 출하돈의 도체등급과 육질점수에 영향을 미치는 구체적인 내용들을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 양돈장 관리시스템과 관련된 각종 환경요인과 관리요인 및 도축전 취급과 관련된 인자들에 대한 세심한 관리를 통하여 스트레스 최소화와 동물복지 향상으로 도체품질 개선과 소비자를 위한 품질인증 시스템을 구축하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2001

실험동물에서 항암성, 항산화성 효과가 있다고 알려진 conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)를 비육돈 후기사료에 2주간 급여하여 비육돈 내에 CLA를 축적시키고 품질특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. CLA는 alkaline isomerization 방법으로 식용유를 이용하여 화학적으로 합성하였다. 대조구는 출하체중이 105~110kg으로 되도록 비육말기 사료를 사료회사로부터 구입하여 급여하였으며, 처리구 1은 출하 2주전부터 사료회사로부터 구입한 사료의 지질원에 대하여 CLA를 4% 첨가하였으며, 처리구 1은 출하 2주전부터 사료회사로부터 구입한 사료의 지질원에 대하여 CLA를 4% 첨가하였으며, 처리구 2는 8%, 처리구 3은 12% 첨가하여 급여한 후 일괄적으로 도살하였다. 저장기간에 따른 대조구와 CLA 급여구간의 품질평가를 하기 위해 돈육의 육색, 조직감 및 관능적 특성의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 돈육의 등심과 삼겹부위를 함기포장하여 냉장온도(4$^{\circ}C$)에서 13일간 저장하면서 각 실험항목을 조사하였다. 육색(L*, a*, b*), 조직감 및 관능적 특성분석 결과 대조구와 CLA 급여구 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 저장기간이 경과하여도 대조구와 CLA 급여구 모두 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이는 CLA를 사료에 첨가 급여하여 생산된 돈육이 소비자 구매 지표인 육색과 조직감에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않아 상품적 가치를 저하시키지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 특히 관능적 특성 변화에 CLA가 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았는데 이는 육색의 변화와 조직감 변화 결과가 뒷받침해 주며, CLA 급여로 인한 이취나, 불쾌취가 발생되지 않아 상품적 가치에는 아무런 문제가 없다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.1429-1432
• /
• 2000

Three groups of 7, 8 and 8 barrows (22 weeks age; 35 kg body weight), reared on grower diets were fed ad libitum on three isonitrogenous finisher diets containing 50, 71 and 92% wheat bran by replacing maize grain till the attainment of about 74 kg slaughter weight. Growth pattern, average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain ratio and carcass traits were similar in all the groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, CF, NFE total carbohydrate and energy (DE) decreased (p<0.01) with the increased level of wheat bran in the diet. However, CP digestibility was comparable among all the diet and the digestibility of EE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in grainless diet ($FD_3$). It appears that maize grain may be completely replaced with wheat bran in the diet of crossbred pigs without any adverse effect on their performance with respect to feed intake, body weight gain and carcass characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.1738-1745
• /
• 2007

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.1011-1017
• /
• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been shown to decrease body fat content of individually-housed pigs but little is known about the responses under commercial conditions. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of CLA under commercial conditions using contemporary genotypes. The experimental designs were similar between the two sites. Briefly, the studies were 2${\times}$2 factorial designs with the respective factors being sex (boar and gilt) and supplemental dietary CLA (0 and 4 g/kg). The studies involved 16-20 pens of pigs with 4-5 pens of each sex${\times}$CLA group. The first study was conducted with 144 pigs in 16 pens consuming a pelleted feed for 6 weeks at Bunge Meat Industries, Corowa, NSW. In the second study, 160 pigs were obtained from a commercial source and put into 20 pens in simulated commercial conditions and fed a mash diet for 7 weeks at Medina Research Station, WA. In Study 2 some aspects of meat quality were also investigated. Data from Study 1 showed that, although CLA had no significant effect upon feed intake and daily gain, the small changes in both resulted in a reduction in (-0.10 g/g, p=0.10) feed conversion ratio (FCR). While there was no significant effect of CLA on ultrasonic backfat depths, there was a significant decrease in carcass P2 (-1.0 mm, p=0.014) and estimated carcass fat (-7 g/kg, p=0.049). In the study conducted at Medina CLA had no significant effect upon feed intake, feed:gain or most measures of back fat. The exception was that dietary CLA decreased the rate of accumulation of fat at the shoulder, particularly in gilts, resulting in a significantly lower amount of shoulder fat at slaughter (-1.3 mm, p=0.044). CLA tended to increase dressing percentage although this was not significant (+0.5%, p=0.14). Meat from CLA treated pigs tended to be darker (p=0.12) and had a higher ultimate pH (p=0.06). These data suggest that under commercial conditions dietary CLA can improve growth performance and decrease P2 in pigs of an improved genotype, particularly gilts.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.51-73
• /
• 2024

This study investigated how birth weight differences in piglets affected carcass and muscle fiber properties as well as meat quality at slaughter. Within litters, piglets were grouped according to their birth weight as either normal (NBW; 1.62-1.73 kg) or low (LBW; 1.18-1.29 kg). At 5 weeks of age, NBW piglets were randomly transitioned to control (C) or isocaloric high fat diets derived from non-dairy (HF), while LBW piglets were randomly transitioned to high fat diets derived from non-dairy (HF) or dairy sources (HFHD). Piglets were reared in individual pens under standardized housing and feeding conditions. Live weight was recorded weekly, and pigs were slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Hot carcass weights, dressing percentages, lean meat yield, and primal cut proportions were determined. The m. longissimus thoracis was collected from the right side of the carcass for measurement of physical and chemical properties of meat and muscle fiber characteristics. Results indicated that LBW pigs compensated for their live weight compared to NBW pigs at 6 weeks of age. The mean muscle fiber diameter of LBW-HFHD group is significantly higher than NBW-C and NBW-HF group, and the type I muscle fiber diameter is significantly higher than NBW-C group. Dairy fat inclusion in LBW pig diet reduced carcass back fat thickness. This increased the calculated lean meat yield to be comparable to that of NBW pigs fed a commercial diet. Incorporating dairy-sourced high-fat into LBW pigs' diets appears to be an effective strategy for producing carcasses equivalent to NBW pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.743-752
• /
• 2004

규산염 광물질로 정수된 물과 규산염 광물질 제제를 육성 비육돈에게 급여할 때 일당 증체량 및 사료효율은 향상되었으며, 특히 규산염 처리구의 기간이 증가할수록 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 규산염 광물질로 정수된 물과 규산염 광물질 제제를 돼지에게 급여하면 처음 4주동안 성장능력이 저하되는 현상을 보였지만 시간이 지나면 회복되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 새로운 물질을 동물이 처음 섭취하였을 때 생리적으로 적응이 되지 못한 일정 기간동안 성장능력이 오히려 떨어지는 현상을 볼 수 있는데 본 실험에서 사용한 규산염 광물질에 의한 초기 성장저하의 원인도 일반적으로 알려진 명현현상의 일종이라고 생각된다. 시간의 경과에 따른 돈육의 지방산패도를 알아보기 위하여 TBA값을 측정하였는데， 돈육의 저장기간이 10일을 지나면서 규산염 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 TBA값이 완만하게 상승하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이같은 결과는 규산염 광물질 처리에 의해 돈육의 저장성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 보여주는 중요한 결과라고 생각된다. 관능검사의 결과를 보면 대체적으로 돈육의 냄새, 다즙성, 연도 등이 대조구보다 규산염 처리구에서 높은 수치를 나타내어 규산염으로 정수된 물과 규산염 광물질 제제를 돼지에게 급여하였을 때 소비자들의 돈육에 대한 기호도를 높일 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합적으로 고려할 때 돼지사료에 규산염 광물질 제제를 첨가하고 규산염 광물질로 정수된 물을 급여한다면 육성, 비육돈의 성장능력의 향상을 기대할 수 있고, 돈육의 산패가 억제되어 저장성을 높일 수 있었다. 이같은 경향은 조리된 돈육의 관능검사 결과에서도 비슷하게 나타났다. 그러나 돼지에게 규산염 광물질로 정수된 물과 규산염 광물질 제제를 급여하였을 경우 급여초기에 성장능력이 저하되는 현상이 나타나는 것으로 보아 본 제품을 살제로 일반 양돈장에서 사용할 경우 최소한 2개월 이상의 장기급여가 권장되어야 한다고 할수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM), an alternative to corn, on the quality of pork. A total of 72 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) were assigned into four dietary treatments (PKM level of 0, 4, 8, or 12%). After 12 wk, one pig of median weight in each pen was selected and slaughtered to analyze meat quality. The color, free radical scavenging activity, lipid oxidation, texture, composition of fatty acids, and sensory qualities of pork loin were evaluated post slaughter. When the levels of PKM in the diet increased, the $L^*$-value of pork loin decreased, whereas $a^*$-value and total saturated fatty acids increased. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of pork loin were lower in groups treated with 8 and 12% PKM than in the control group at day 0; this difference, however, was not observed at day 3 and 7. The results of texture analysis showed that increasing the PKM ratio decreased hardness, chewiness, and springiness at day 7. The sensory test, however, indicated no differences between the control and treated groups. These findings show that finisher pigs could tolerate PKM as a replacement for corn; PKM did not negatively affect the quality of pork, indicating that it can be utilized as feed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1181-1187
• /
• 2016

The objective of the study was to evaluate fattening performance, carcass value and meat quality in pigs of Prestice Black-Pied breed in relation to slaughter weight (SW) and gender (barrows and gilts, resp.). Pigs were divided into weight categories: SW1 (75 to 99.9 kg), SW2 (100 to 109.9 kg) and SW3 (110 to 130 kg) and all individual traits were analyzed by the general linear model procedure (SAS 9.3). Average SW of each weight group was as follows: SW1 94.2 kg, SW2 105.8 kg, and SW3 115.2 kg. Differences among average backfat thickness of 36.07 mm in SW1, 40.16 mm in SW2, and 43.21 mm in SW3 were significant (p<0.01). Lean meat content was 48.94% (SW1), 48.78% (SW2), and 48.76% (SW3). Pigs were slaughtered at average weight of 105.7 kg for barrows and 104.4 kg for gilts. Average backfat thickness for barrows was 40.90 mm and 38.72 mm for gilts (significant difference p<0.05). Lean meat content was 48.75% in barrows and 48.91% in gilts. The values of pH45, characterizing the meat of very good quality. The loin in SW3 was darker than the muscles of SW1 and SW2. Drip loss was the lowest in SW1 (1.96%), compared to the highest drip loss in SW3 (2.59%). Content of intramuscular fat was 2.68% in SW3, 2.79% in SW2, and SW1 had the lowest content 2.47%. The values of pH45, colour lightness and drip loss were similar in both genders. However barrows had higher intramuscular fat content by 0.31% than gilts (p<0.05).

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.555-566
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of medicinal herbs on characteristics and qualities of pork for 6 months using 102 post-weaning piglets, To improve the bod gain and feed efficiency rate, post-weaning piglets were fed with medicinal herbs from 4 to 10 weeks after birth, while grower pigs for 60 days before slaughter. Daily body gain of piglets of experimental group was higher(493.1g) than control(447.8g), with feed demand index 1.49 versus 1.6 times in control, indicating. The more pigs were fed with herbs, the higher body gain was observed. Among carcass characteristics, dressing percentage and backfat thickness were higher in experimental group(68.26% and 14.52mm) than control(67.39% and 14.36mm). Experimental group(0.5% medicinal herb-fed) produced more A class carcass. In fatty acid analysis, meats of experimental group contained less saturated(more unsaturated) fatty acids than control. Especially, palmitic acid, a precursor of cholesterol, was less and oleic acid was more contained than control. In amino acid analysis, essential amino acids(methionine and isoleucine) were increased in meats of experimental group. In concolusion, feeding medicinal herbs has effects such as increased body gain, improved feed demand, and carcass class on piglets and improved meat quality on growers.