• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2016

Objectives: Submental intubation has been advocated as an alternative to classical tracheostomy for certain indicated panfacial trauma surgeries. Surgeons should have various options for airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients. Most maxillofacial injuries involve occlusal derangements, which might require intraoperative occlusal corrections; hence, orotracheal intubation is not ideal. Maxillofacial surgeons generally prefer nasotracheal intubation; however, in cases with concomitant skull base fracture or nasal bone fracture, nasotracheal intubation might not be suitable; in these situations, tracheostomy is typically performed. However, the possible complications of tracheostomy are well known. Due to trauma situations and to avoid the complications of tracheostomy, submental intubation would be an ideal alternative procedure in selected maxillofacial trauma surgery patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a submental intubation technique for panfacial trauma surgery. Moreover, we intended to share our experience of submental intubation and to recommend this simple, safe procedure for certain panfacial trauma surgeries. Materials and Methods: In five panfacial trauma patients, we performed submental intubation for airway management; the mean time required for the procedure was only eight minutes. Results: We were able to execute this procedure safely in a short time without any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a safe and simple technique for airway management in indicated panfacial trauma surgery patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.137-140
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• 2018

A five-month-old toy poodle was referred for treatment of bilateral mandibular fractures. Preoperative skull and dental radiographs showed rostral mandibular fractures and permanent teeth that had not yet erupted. In addition to providing stability for the healing of fractures, it is very important to focus on restoring normal occlusion. The mandibular fractures were repaired using interdental wiring in a dentate area where the deciduous canines and fourth premolars were stable and could be used to anchor the interdental fixation. In the absence of an erupted permanent mandibular first molar, the modified Risdon wiring was performed using the deciduous mandibular fourth premolars as anchor teeth. An intraoral splint was placed on the mandibular teeth using self-curing composite resin. Five months after surgery, the patient had experienced no complications, and the permanent teeth had erupted normally. In this case, which involves a small-breed puppy with deciduous dentition, treatment with a wire-reinforced interdental splint using intact deciduous fourth premolar teeth as anchor teeth can be considered as a suitable method for rostral mandibular fracture restoration.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.229-232
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• 2014

A 55 year-old man hit a vehicle while riding a bicycle. He was diagnosed as left hemopneumothorax, multiple rib fracture, cerebral hemorrhage, and skull fracture. Initially he suffered from hypoxia requiring 100% oxygen with a mechanical ventilator. Finally he became hypotensive. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated to support patient's gas exchange. Because hypotension and left ventricular dysfuction persisted, we converted the mode of support to veno-arterio-venous ECMO. Over four days of intensive care, we could wean off ECMO. The patient went to rehabilitation facility after 45 days of hospitalization. Although trauma and bleeding are considered as relative contraindication of ECMO, careful decision making and management may enable us to use ECMO for trauma-related refractory heart and/or lung failure.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1990

Nonsurgical management of four cases of the parasagittal epidural hematoma were experienced. Patients were mildly symptomatic or minimal neurological disturbances on admission. Patients were treated conservatively because of stable neurologic sign. All patients had who diastatic fracture and/or suture have become a complete neurological recovery with satisfactory absorption of EDH over a period of 5 to 12 weeks.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Background: The traditional approach for reduction of frontal sinus fractures is coronal incision. Inherent complications of the coronal approach include long scar, hair loss, and long operation time. We describe a simple approach for the reduction of frontal sinus anterior wall fractures using a suprabrow incision that is commonly used for brow lift. Methods: From March 2007 to October 2016, the authors identified patients with anterior wall frontal sinus fractures treated by open reduction through a suprabrow incision. Only cases with photographic/radiographic documentation and a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included. The incision line was designed to be at the upper margin of the eyebrow. Medical records and radiographic data were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical outcomes, cosmetic results, and complication were assessed. The patient scale of the patient and observer scar assessment scale was used to assess patient satisfaction for incisional scar at the 6-month follow-up. Results: Thirty-one patients underwent fracture reduction through a suprabrow approach during the study period, with a mean follow-up of 41 months. No patients showed any recurrent displacement, eyebrow asymmetry, or infection during follow-up. Thirteen patients reported their forehead paresthesia postoperatively, and 12 of them had preoperative symptom. One patient complained of incisional scar and underwent scar revision. All patients were satisfied with their eyebrow and forehead contour. Conclusion: The suprabrow approach allowed for an accurate reduction of the fractures in the anterior wall frontal sinus by providing direct visualization of the fracture. This transcutaneous approach can effectively restore forehead contour with acceptable postoperative complications and patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 2000

Objective : The incidence of head injury has been increasing in the rural area. The author investigated the clinical features and difficulties in care of the acute head-injured patients in this area. Method and Material : The authors performed a retrospective review of radiological data and clinical records in patients with mild to moderate head injury. Cause, type of craniocerebral injury, delayed intracranial lesions, complications, its relation to alcohol abuse, and outcome were analyzed. Results : In total of 68 cases, 20(29.4%) victims were associated with acute alcohol intoxication. Motor vehicle accident was the leading cause of head injury and the most common craniocerebral lesion was basilar skull fracture. Eight(11.8%) patients showed delayed radiological and clinical deterioration and 40(58.8%) were followed-up regularly after discharge. The subdural hygroma was commonly noted in the elderly and alcoholics. Causes of thirty events that resulted in an atypical and difficult neurosurgical practice were as follows : delayed admission, premature discharge against doctor's request, refusal of radiological studies and admission, misunderstanding of disease entity, and unreasonable desire of transfer to tertiary hospitals. Inaccurate initial diagnoses were made by emergency doctors in twenty patients. During the course of treatment, there were a few complications such as alcohol withdrawal, acute otitis media, cerebrospinal fistula, facial weakness, and posttraumatic seizure. Outcome was good in 60(88.2%) patients. Conclusion : Most of minor head trauma patients in this series have shown good results, but we have to consider some possible complications and delayed intracranial lesions in these patients that should be managed with special cautions with various kinds of treatment difficulties.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.428-430
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• 2014

Isolated traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the basilar artery are extremely rare but often fatal resulting in a mortality rate as high as 50%. A 51-year-old man presented with craniofacial injury after blunt trauma. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed thick basal subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with multiple craniofacial fractures, while CT angiography revealed contrast extravasation at the distal basilar artery with pseudoaneurysm formation. After this primary survey, the condition of the patient suddenly deteriorated. Conventional angiography confirmed the contrast extravasation resulted from pseudoaneurysm formation, which was successfully treated with endovascular coil embolization. Decompressive craniectomy and coma therapy with propofol were also performed. However, the patient died on the 7th hospital day because of the poor initial clinical condition. The current case is the first report of acute pseudoaneurysm rupture arising from the basilar artery within the first day after trauma. Our findings suggest the possibility that pseudoaneurysm rupture should be considered if brain CT shows thick traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the basal cistern with a basal skull fracture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2015

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following a closed head injury in pediatric patients is a rare condition, and an early spontaneous recanalization of this condition is extremely rare. A 10-year-old boy was admitted with a mild, intermittent headache and nausea five days after a bicycle accident. The brain computed tomography showed an epidural hematoma at the right occipital area with pneumocephalus due to a fracture of the occipital skull bone. The brain magnetic resonance imaging and the magnetic resonance venography demonstrated a flow signal loss from the right sigmoid sinus to the right jugular vein. The diagnosis was sigmoid sinus thrombosis, so close observations were selected as a treatment for the patient because of his gradually improving symptoms; however, he complained of vomiting 14 days the after conservative treatment. The patient was readmitted for a further examination of his symptoms. The laboratory and the gastroenterological examinations were normal. Due to concern regarding the worsening of the sigmoid sinus thrombosis, the brain magnetic resonance venography was rechecked and it revealed the recanalization of the venous flow in the sigmoid sinus and in the jugular vein.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.173-177
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• 1994

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell tumor that is thought to originate proliferation of a single clone of abnormal plasma cell resulting production of a whole monoclonal paraprotein. The authors experienced a case of multiple myeloma with severe mandibular osteolytic lesions in 46-year-old female. As a result of careful analysis of clinical, radiological, histopathological features, and laboratory findings, we diagnosed it as multiple myeloma, and the following results were obtained ; 1. Main clinical symptoms were intermittent dull pain on the mandibular body area, abnormal sensation of lip and pain due to the fracture on the right clavicle. 2. Laboratory findings revealed M-spike, reversed serum albumin-globulin ratio, markedly elevated ESR and hypercalcemia. 3. Radiographically, multiple osteolytic punched-out radiolucencies were evident on the skull, zygoma, jaw bones, ribs, clavicle and upper extremities. Enlarged liver and increased uptakes on the lesional sites in RN scan were also observed. 4. Histopathologically, markedly hypercellular marrow with sheets of plasmoblasts and megakaryocytes were also observed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify any differential point in computerized tomographic[CT] findings between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[ASAH] and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage[TSAH], which sometimes make us not confident in differentiation. Methods : CT of 142 ASAH and 82 TSAH patients over the last 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the thickness of SAH, the laterality of sylvian cisternal hemorrhage, the location, the number of involved cisterns, and the associated other lesions between two types of SAH. Results : Suprasellar cisterns and sylvian cisterns were most prominently and frequently involved cisterns in ASAH but cortical sulci and sylvian cisterns were most frequently involved in TSAH. Intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage were frequently seen in ASAH. Thickness of SAH over 1mm, bilateral sylvian SAH, multiple cisternal SAH were in favor of ASAH. The number of involved cisterns were more frequently seen in ASAH than in TSAH. In ASAH, bilateral sylvian hemorrhages were more frequently seen than in TSAH. Skull fracture, subdural hematoma, subgaleal hematoma, and hemorrhagic contusion were frequently associated with TSAH. Conclusion : As a result of our study, the authors conclude that when IVH, hydrocephalus, thick SAH > 1mm bilateral sylvian SAH, and multiple cisternal SAH are seen in CT, immediate angiography should be performed to rule out cerebral aneurysms whether associated with other traumatic lesions or not.