• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel method of adult image classification by combining skin color regions and edges in an input image. The proposed method consists of four steps. In the first step, initial skin color regions are detected by logical AND operation of all skin color regions detected by the existing methods of skin color detection. In the second step, a skin color probability map is created by modeling the distribution of skin color in the initial regions. Then, a binary image is generated by using threshold value from the skin color probability map. In the third step, after using the binary image and edge information, we detect final skin color regions using a region growing method. In the final step, adult image classification is performed by support vector machine(SVM). To this end, a feature vector is extracted by combining the final skin color regions and neighboring edges of them. As experimental results, the proposed method improves performance of the adult image classification by 9.6%, compared to the existing method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.112-118
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• 2009

Skin color segmentation techniques have been widely utilized for face/hand detection and tracking in many applications such as a diagnosis system using facial information, human-robot interaction, an image retrieval system. In case of a video image, it is common that the skin color model for a target is updated every frame for the robust target tracking against illumination change. As for a single image, however, most of studies employ a fixed skin color model which may result in low detection rate or high false positive errors. In this paper, we propose a novel method for effective skin color segmentation in a single image, which modifies the conditions for skin color segmentation iteratively by the image feedback of segmented skin color region in a given image.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2014

In this study, the new color image processing algorithms with an android-based mobile device are developed to detect the abnormal color densities in a skin image and interpret them as the vitiligo lesions. Our proposed method is firstly based on transforming RGB data into HSI domain and segmenting the imag into the vitiligo-skin candidates by applying Otsu's threshold algorithm. The structure elements for morphological image processing are suggested to delete the spurious regions in vitiligo regions and the image blob labeling algorithm is applied to compare RGB color densities of the abnormal skin region with them of a region of interest. Our suggested color image processing algorithms are implemented with an android-platform smartphone and thus a mobile device can be utilized to diagnose or monitor the patient's skin conditions under the environments of pervasive healthcare services.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4508-4515
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• 2014

Real-time body detection has been researched actively. On the other hand, the detection rate of color distorted images is low because most existing detection methods use static skin color model. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for detecting the skin color region using a gradient map and saturation features. The basic procedure of the proposed method sequentially consists of creating a gradient map, extracting a gradient feature of skin regions, noise removal using the saturation features of skin, creating a cluster for extraction regions, detecting skin regions using cluster information, and verifying the results. This method uses features other than the color to strengthen skin detection not affected by light, race, age, individual features, etc. The results of the detection rate showed that the proposed method is 10% or more higher than the traditional methods.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2009

Face detection and recognition in real-time video constitutes one of the recent topics in the field of computer vision. In this paper, we propose face detection and tracking algorithm using the skin color and haar-like feature in real-time video sequence. The proposed algorithm further includes color space to enhance the result using haar-like feature and skin color. Experiment results reveal the real-time video processing speed and improvement in the rate of tracking.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.681-682
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• 2008

This paper propose skin color detection that uses MLP(Multi Layer Perceptron) and multiple color models. The proposed method reduces weight of MLP by partial connection between input layer and hidden layer based on color models, and the using color models are RGB model and YCbCr model. The experimental result for proposed method showed 94% classification rate of skin and non-skin pixels with 32% decrease in the number of weight compare to general MLP on the average.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.350-356
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• 2017

With increasing attention to real-time body detection, active research is being conducted on human body detection based on skin color. Despite this, most existing skin detection methods utilize static skin color models and have detection rates in images, in which colors are distorted. This study proposed a method of detecting the skin region using a fuzzy classification of the gradient map, saturation, and Cb and Cr in the YCbCr space. The proposed method, first, creates a gradient map, followed by a saturation map, CbCR map, fuzzy classification, and skin region binarization in that order. The focus of this method is to rigorously detect human skin regardless of the lighting, race, age, and individual differences, using features other than color. On the other hand,the borders between these features and non-skin regions are unclear. To solve this problem, the membership functions were defined by analyzing the relationship between the gradient, saturation, and color features and generate 108 fuzzy rules. The detection accuracy of the proposed method was 86.35%, which is 2~5% better than the conventional method.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Skin and soft tissue defects can be treated according to a range of strategies, such as local flap, skin graft, biological dressing, or free flap. On the other hand, free tissue transfer usually leaves a distinct scar with an inconsistency of color or hypertrophy. This problem is highlighted if the defect is located on the face, which could have devastating effects on a patient's psychosocial health. Materials and Methods The authors used an erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser to resurface the free flap skin and match the color with the surrounding facial skin. This study evaluated the effectiveness of laser skin resurfacing on the harmonious color matching of transferred flap. Patients who had undergone laser resurfacing on facial flap skin between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. An ablative 2,940-nm fractional Er:YAG laser treatment was delivered to the entire flap skin at 21 J/cm² with the treatment end-point of pinpoint bleeding. Several months later, the clinical photographs were analyzed. The L^*a^*b^* color co-ordinates of both the flap and surrounding normal skin were measured using Adobe Photoshop. The L^*a^*b^* color difference (ΔE) for the scar and normal surrounding skin were calculated using the following equation: ${\Delta}E=\sqrt{({\Delta}L)^2+({\Delta}a)^2+({\Delta}b)^2}$ Results All five patients were satisfied with the more natural appearance of the flaps. The ΔE values decreased significantly from the pre-treatment mean value of 19.64 to the post-treatment mean value of 11.39 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 0.043). Conclusion Ablative laser resurfacing can improve the aesthetic outcome of free tissue transfer on the face.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

In the modern 21st century society, the personal image is considered to be very important. As a result, the importance of presenting one's personal image through personal color in fashion and beauty related fields are increasing, and is the most realistic and practical field of color. When the color of the wardrobe and the skin color are in disharmony, that disharmony becomes the source of the lines and wrinkles that appear on one's face, resulting in shades. The boundary that is created when the color of the wardrobe and the skin color are in disharmony, it works negatively on one's image. When color arrangements are close or similar (in harmony) or are in complementary color arrangements or in strong contrasting state (contrasting harmony), it is generally believed to be beautifully harmonious. Personal color assessment is finding colors, through systematic and scientific methods, that improve the personal image by reaching harmony with skin colors that each and every individual are uniquely born with. In this study, one was able to learn the improved visual effects of the face image through creating harmony with the wardrobe and color shade make up and complementary colors that were selected based on personal colors. The base make up, through using the contrasting effects of the complementary colors which represents the supplementing, correcting, and complementing of the face image by contrasting with complementary colors, brings positive changes through correcting the base skin color. It is believed that this study finds its importance in that the improved image that is created by the overall harmony of the wardrobe and body can be used as valuable data in marketing and new product development efforts in the related industries.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Abnormal changes in skin color induce significant cosmetic problems and affect quality of life. There are two groups of abnormal change in skin color; hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, darkening skin color by excessive pigmentation, is a major concern for Asian people with yellowe-brown skin. A variety of hypopigmenting agents have been used, but treating the hyperpigmented condition is still challenging and the results are often discouraging. Panax ginseng has been used traditionally in eastern Asia to treat various diseases, due to its immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and antitumor activities. Recently, several reports have shown that extract, powder, or some constituents of ginseng could inhibit melanogenesis in vivo or in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of antimelanogenic properties in ginseng or its components include the direct inhibition of key enzymes of melanogenesis, inhibition of transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in melanogenesis, decreasing production of inducers of melanogenesis, and enhancing production of antimelanogenic factor. Although there still remain some controversial issues surrounding the antimelanogenic activity of ginseng, especially in its effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, these recent findings suggest that ginseng and its constituents might be potential candidates for novel skin whitening agents.