• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Ultraviolet radiation have much influenced with a deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity of skin damage and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photo-damage. This study investigates the functional properties of hydrogel facial mask sheets made from agar, Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia papyrifera tunics. The skin of S. clava is covered with a hard cellulose containing glycoprotein, glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate. B. papyrifera is better known as Paper mulberry. It contains kazinol which serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin whitening agent. The tensile strength of facial mask sheet was measured by universal testing machine, and the water absorption and moisture permeability of facial mask sheet were measured by dryer. Additionally, the DPPH assay and MTT assay were conducted for anti-oxidative activity and cytotoxicity of facial mask sheet. The whitening effect of the facial mask sheet was measured by tyrosinase inhibitor assay. These tests showed that the three ingredients are suitable cosmetic materials. The results reveal that they produce a high quality hydrogel facial mask sheet when the membrane contains 1%(W/V) of agar, 0.1%(W/V) of B. papyrifera tunics and 0.05%(W/V) of S. clava tunics.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2003

Melanin biosynthesis is a human defense mechanism to protect skin from UV irradiation and also determines colors of hair and skin. However, as a interest on skin-whitening increases, researches to prevent pigmentation and hypersynthesis of melanin in skin are being actively in progress. Active components used as a whitening agent in cosmeceuticals are kojic acid, arbutin, vitamin C and hydroquinone. However, until now, because comparison researches among them in the aspect of both melanin formation and cellular toxicity have not been performed, we can't exactly estimate merits and defects of them as a whitening agent. To this end, we performed experiments to compare their effects on cell viability and melanin formation. As a first step, in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay was done. While kojic acid and hydroquinone showed strong inhibition activities(their IC$\_$50/s are all < 100uM), arbutin and vitamin C showed weak activities. IC$\_$50/s of arbutin and vitamin C are 100uM and 400∼500uM, respectively. In B16BL6 melanoma cells, like in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay, arbutin and kojic acid showed more strong inhibition effect on melanin synthesis than vitamin C. And unlike arbutin, vitamin C and kojic acid induced cell death at high concentration. Although arbutin showed no cytotoxicity, it has side effect to induce morphological change at high concentration.. In this paper, we suggest both kojic acid and arbutin have stronger ability to inhibit melanogenesis than vitamin C. And they also have side effect, that is, kojic acid induces cell death like vitamin C and arbutin changes cell morphology respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

본 연구에서 층꽃나무(Caryopteris incana Miq.)는 항산화, 피부미백 및 주름개선 활성을 측정하는 데에 사용되었다. 층꽃나무의 생리활성은 고형분 함량보다 첨가된 total phenolic compounds의 농도에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되어 이후 모든 실험은 층꽃나무로부터 추출한 물과 80 % ethanol 추출물의 total phenolic compounds 함량을 조절하여 실시하였다. 층꽃나무 추출물의 항산화 활성은 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), antioxidant protection factor (PF), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs)를 측정하였다. $200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 물과 ethanol 추출물로 DPPH free radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 각각 84, 92 %의 활성을 나타내었고, ABTS radical 소거능은 물과 ethanol 추출물 둘 다 약 99 %의 활성을 나타내었다. PF를 측정한 결과 물과 ethanol 추출물이 각각 1.56, 1.67 PF 값을 나타내었고, TBARs는 각각 62, 82 %의 활성을 나타내었다. 주름개선 및 피부미백 활성을 측정하였을 때, $200{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 80 % ethanol 추출물이 물 추출물보다 눈에 띄게 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 주름개선과 연관된 elastase와 collagenase 저해활성은 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 58, 89 %로 측정되었다. 피부미백과 연관된 tyrosinase의 저해활성은 ethanol 추출물에서 13 %로 측정되었고, 수렴효과는 50 %로 측정되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 층꽃나무 추출물은 항산화 활성, 주름개선 및 미백효과가 우수하므로 기능성 화장품 원료의 새로운 자원이 될 것으로 기대되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2024

Melanin은 대부분의 식물과 동물에서 발견되는 자연 색소로, 피부와 모발의 색을 결정하는 게 관여한다. Melanogenesis는 일반적으로 피부를 자외선과 같은 외부 자극으로부터 보호하기 위한 반응으로 melanocyte에서 수행한다. Tyrosinase는 기질인 tyrosine을 melanin으로 생합성 하는데 관여한다. 그러나 melanin의 과다 생성은 melasma, blotch, hyperpigmentation, 그리고 피부암과 같은 피부질환으로 이어질 수 있다. Kojic acid 및 arbutin과 같은 미백 물질에 대한 연구가 수행되었지만, 부작용으로 인해 일부 국가에서는 사용을 금지하거나 제한하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기능성화장품의 새로운 미백재료로서 잠재력을 연구하기 위해 겨자무(horseradish)를 선택하였다. 더 나아가 효율적인 추출을 위해 아임계수 추출을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 아임계수 200℃ 추출물은 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 총 페놀 함량, tyrosinase 저해능 그리고 B16-F10 melanoma 세포주의 melanin 생성 억제 효과를 나타내었다. B16-F10 melanoma 세포주에 대한 세포 독성을 조사하기 위해 MTT reduction assay 및 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였으며, 그 결과, 겨자무 methanol 추출물 및 아임계수 200℃에서는 세포독성이 확인되지 않았다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 화장품의 천연 미백 기능성소재로서 가능성을 제안하는 바이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

최근까지 Chromameter$^{(R)}$ CR-400, Mexameter$^{(R)}$ M18 그리고 육안평가는 피부색 평가를 위한 주된 평가방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 하지만 본 연구를 통해 피부색의 변화를 평가할 수 있는 객관성 있는 평가방법으로 이미지 분석을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지의 기존 평가방법의 변수들과 이미지 분석을 통해 얻은 V (Value) 값을 이용하여 미백 인체 효능평가를 수행하고 변수들 사이의 상관성을 분석하여 이미지 분석의 신뢰성을 확보하고자 하였다. 효능 평가를 위해 과색소침착으로 고민하는 34명의 시험 대상자를 모집하였고 선정된 시험 대상자들은 8주간의 시험기간 동안 vitamin C가 함유된 5 종류의 미백 화장품을 사용하는 동시에 일주일에 1회 전기이온영동(iontophoresis) 시술을 받았다. 제품 사용 및 시술 전과 8주 후 기존 평가 변수들과 V 값 측정결과를 비교하고 각 변수들 사이의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 제품 사용 및 시술 8주 후 V 값은 Chromameter$^{(R)}$의 $L^*$ 값의 경향과 유사하게 증가하였으며, $L^*$ 값과는 양의 상관관계를 보이는 것을 확인하였다(r = 0.494, p < 0.01). 또한, Mexameter$^{(R)}$의 MI 값(r = - 0.683, p < 0.01)과 육안평가 측정 값(r = - 0.549, p < 0.01)은 V 값과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 이미지 분석의 V 값의 활용은 기존의 평가방법과 더불어 주관적인 육안평가의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 미백평가 방법의 하나라고 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.62-81
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• 2017

Objectives: As interests in the beauty of skin is growing continuously, more people are focusing on white and clean skin. Melanin is the major factor that determines skin color. The abnormal concentration of melanin causes various skin diseases such as vitiligo, freckles, and melasma. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Eriobotryae Folium extracts (EF) with phreatic water (PW) on the melanin synthesis. Methods: The effect of EF on melanin synthesis was evaluated by using mouse melanoma cells (B16F10). To define the mechanisms, real-time PCR and western blot were used. We also evaluated the inhibitory effects of EF and PW on melanin synthesis by using HRM-2 melanin-possessing hairless mice. After UVB irradiation, melanin differences between the skin parts that were treated and untreated with EF and PW. Levels of mRNA were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and histological analysis of the dorsal skin was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: EF inhibited various mechanisms of melanogenesis, and the effect was increased when combined with PW. In vitro experiments have shown that EF inhibited the expressions of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) mRNA, tyrosinase mRNA, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA and the tyrosinase inhibitory activation, but it stimulated the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) mRNA expression. In vivo experiments have shown that EF prevented melanogenesis in the mice dorsal skin and inhibited TRP-1 mRNA expression. Also these effects were increased when combined with PW. Conclusions: EF and PW might be a new and effective treatment for whitening and treating pigmentation of skin.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2014

To assess the functional structure of prepro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pMCH), we isolated and cloned pMCH (of-pMCH) mRNA from the brain of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and compared its amino acid sequence with those from other animals. In addition, to examine whether activation of the brain of-pMCH gene is influenced by background color, density, and feeding, we compared pMCH mRNA activities against different background colors (bright and dark) and at different densities (100% PCA and 200% PCA). To examine whether the pMCH gene is related with malpigmentation of blind-side skin and appetite, we compared pMCH gene expression between ordinary and hypermelanic flounders, and between feeding and fasting flounders. The of-pMCH cDNA was 405 bp in the open reading frame [ORF] and encoded a protein of 135 amino acids; MCH was 51 bp in length and encoded a protein of 17 amino acids. An obvious single band of the expected size was obtained from the brain and pituitary by RT-PCR. In addition, of-pMCH gene activity was significantly higher in the bright background only at low density (< 100% PCA) making the ocular skin of fish whitening, and in ordinary fish. However, the gene activity was significantly decreased in dark background, at high density (>200% PCA), and in hypermelano fish. These results suggest that skin whitening camouflage of the flounder is induced by high MCH gene activity, and the density disturbs the function of background color in the physiological color change. Moreover, our data suggest that a low level of MCH gene activity may be related to malpigmentation of the blind-side skin. In feeding, although pMCH gene activity was significantly increased by feeding in the white background, the pMCH gene activity in the dark background was not influenced by feeding, indicating that the MCH gene activity increased by feeding can be offset by dark background color, or is unaffected by appetite. In conclusion, this study showed that MCH gene expression is related to ocular-skin whitening camouflage and blind-skin hypermelanosis, and is influenced by background color and density.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Scirpi rhizoma ethanol extract (SREE) on skin whitening using in vitro test. In the antioxidative activities, it was found that SREE contains 38.9 mg/g of polyphenol and 74.5 mg/g of flavonoid in total. In the electron donating ability, SREE showed a dose-dependent response, showing a high antioxidative capacity of 86.1% at 1000 ppm. It was found that the maximum permissible level of SREE to Melan-a cells was over 200 ppm, showing a quite low toxicity of SREE against Melan-a cells. Both in the inhibitory measurement for tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis using Melan-a cells, SREE presented a dose-dependent response with excellent efficacy.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.494-501
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• 1999

The skin whitening effects of pine needle extract, hop extract and chestnut inner shell extract were evaluated both in vitro and in B 16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Each extracts significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity, dopa auto-oxidation and melanin biosynthesis in vitro and in B 16 cell lines. In vitro, hop extract inhibited melanin biosynthesis 15 times stronger than kojic acid at $10{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. Each extracts were stronger inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis than kojic acid in B 16 mouse melanoma cell at less than $4{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. These results show that extracts fo pine needle, hop and chestnut inner shell could be developed as skin whitening component of cosmetics.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.382.2-382.2
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• 2002

Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors are useful not only for the materials used in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents but also for the remedy of hyperpigmentation. In order to find the new skin-whitening compounds from the natural products. screening of tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis inhibitory activities in vitro has been carried out. The MeOH extracts and/or fractions of Polygoni multiflori Radix, Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum. Solnani nigri Herba. Polygoni cuspidati Radix. POlygoni multiflori Ramulus. Salviae Radix showed tyrosinase inhibitory effects. Four methanolic extracts also showed melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effects in B-16 melanoma cell line.