• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002

To investigate the skin toxicity of xylene, xylene (25 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) has been sequentially applied to the rat skin for four days. On the light microscopic examination, epithelium was left out with infiltration of inflammatory cells in border with dermis, and formation of new epithelial layer was shown under the inflammatory zone. Application of xylene to the rat skin showed the marked rise of cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity whereas, He activities of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly declined. Furthermore, the content of cutaneous glutathione was more and less decreased in rat skin applied with xylene. In conclusion, these results suggest that a part of oxygen free radical may be responsible for morphological changes in skin by applying xylene to the rat skin.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

본 논문은 피난 안전성 평가를 통해 이중외피 구조가 적용된 건축물에서의 피난 성능 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이중외피 구조가 적용된 건축물은 화재 발생시 굴뚝효과로 인한 상층 연소확대 현상이 빠르고 그 특성이 각 구조별로 다른 특성을 갖고 있으며 설계 및 제도적 기준 또한 미비하여 일반 건축물에 비해 피난 안전성을 확보하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 10층의 단일 피난계단이 적용된 이중외피 건축물로 가상의 모델링을 구성하였으며, 피난 성능을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 피난 완료시점을 옥외로의 탈출까지로 변경하고, 각 구조별 위험도를 고려한 경보방식을 제안하였다. 그 결과 기존의 경보방식과 비교하여 박스형은 약 26.4%, 복도형은 약 29.1%, 샤프트-박스형은 약 23.4%, 전면형은 약 26.3%의 피난 성능이 개선되었고, 전층의 재실자의 안전을 확보 할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

New Zealand White에 대한 피부 자극성 시험을 6마리의 수컷 토끼를 이용하여 7일간 피부 1차 자극성 실험을 국립보건안전 연구원 예규에 따라 실시하였으며, 전 동물에서 시험 전 기간을 토해 본 시험 물질에 의한 것이라고 인정되는 임상증상, 체중변화 및 부검소견등이 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 시험 물질 도포부위의 홍반과 가피형성 및 부종등의 자극성은 인정되지 않았으며, Draize의 P.I.I(primary irritation index)의 산출에 의한 피부 1차 자극율은 "0"으로 평가되었다. Zealand White Rabbit에서 BST-SR에 대한 안점막 자극 시험을 국립보건 안전연구원 예규에 따라 토끼 9마리를 가지고 시험하였다. 검체를 모든 토끼의 오른쪽 눈에 0.1ml을 투여하고 3마리의 토끼는 20~30초 후에 미온수로 1분간 세척해 주고 나머지 6마리의 토끼는 그대로 두어 각막, 홍채, 결막에 각각 나타나는 병변을 등급표에 따라 계산해 보았으나, 안점막에 대해서 무자극물로 판단되었다. 따라서 BST-SR는 토끼의 안점막 및 피부 에 자극성이 없는 것으로 생각되어진다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

Background: Messaging surrounding skin cancer prevention has previously focused on the general public and emphasized how or when activities should be undertaken to reduce solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Generic messages may not be applicable to all settings, and should be tailored to protect unique and/or highly susceptible subpopulations, such as outdoor workers. The primary objective of this study was to develop a set of tailored, practical, harm-reducing sun safety messages that will better support outdoor workers and their employers in reducing the risk of solar UVR exposure and UVR-related occupational illnesses. Methods: We adapted a core set of sun safety messages previously developed for the general population to be more applicable and actionable by outdoor workers and their employers. This study used an integrated knowledge translation approach and a modified Delphi method (which uses a survey-based consensus process) to tailor the established set of sun safety messages for use for outdoor worker populations. Results: The tailored messages were created with a consideration for what is feasible for outdoor workers, and provide users with key facts, recommendations, and tips related to preventing skin cancer, eye damage, and heat stress, specifically when working outdoors. Conclusion: The resulting tailored messages are a set of evidence-based, expert- approved, and stakeholder-workshopped messages that can be used in a variety of work settings as part of an exposure control plan for employers with outdoor workers.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2016

Deep sea water (DSW) contains many inorganic materials and minerals, which are extracted for use in diverse fields. However, before application, safety tests should be performed. In the present study, two DSW-extracted minerals were analyzed: calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Eye and skin irritation tests of DSW-extracted Ca and Mg were performed according to the guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea. These two types of mineral extracts caused no symptoms of eye and skin irritation when compared to the control. These results suggest that DSW-extracted minerals caused no irritation in the eyes and on the skin, and could be safely applied to these areas.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.227-249
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• 1995

Pursuant to the Medical Product Safety Administration Guidelines for safety assessment of Korean bee vonom for herb-acupuncture, rabbits were used for skin, eye balls, subcutaneous and muscle irritation test. The results were as follows; 1. The skin irritation test of bee venom for herb-acupuncture did not produce any irritation reactions, when the skin was covered with bee venom. 2. The eye irritation test produced moderate to severe stimulating reactions, once the eye mucous membrane was contacted with bee venom. 3. The subcutaneous and muscle irritation test of bee venom showed such local inflammatory reactions as death of cells, infiltration of inflamed cells, dropsical swelling, and congestion, once injected under the skin and in the muscle. As the results of the study on bee venom for herb-acupuncture indicate that severe reactions in such tests as eye balls, subcutancous and muscle irritation exist in the laboratory, more professional caution should be taken in clinical application of the therapy. In addition, further study on subacute, chronic toxicity and allergy reactions should be pursued.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blending method in the weight ratio of Chitosan and Algin for the purpose of useful bioimplants. The possibility of bioimplants, which prepared from natural polymers as a skin substitute and food wrapping materials were evaluated by measuring the biodegradability. these biodegradable films were inserted in the back of rats and their biodegradability was investigated by hematological change as a function of time. Rats study showed that low-Chitosan induced increments of monocyte and basophil after 48 hours of implantation. And medium-Chitosan showed increase of lymphocyte and decreased neutrophil counts after 48 hours of implantation. Low, medium Chitosan showed high hemoglobin contents, medium and high Chitosan showed high hematocrit value after 48 hours of implantation. As a result, medium, high-Chitosan induced potential incompatibility in the tissue after 48 hours, but there was little effects to the skin inflammation. The values of biodegradable films, which prepared from natural polymers measured in this study were some satisfiable results at short period with those of ideal skin bioimplants and artificial skin.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.421-424
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• 2016

본 연구에서 남해안산 전복으로 부터 얻어진 일반 열수 전복 추출물과 발효추출물의 화장품 원료로서의 사용가능성을 평가하고자 기본적인 피부 안전성 시험으로 추물물과 이를 이용한 액정크림 제형에서의 피부 일차 첩포 테스트를 수행하였다. 비교군으로 정제수, 1,3-부틸렌글리콜, 액정크림으로 하였고 시료군은 전복추출물과 전복추출물을 함유한 액정크림 제형이었다. 피부 일차 첩포 테스트 결과, 비교군과 시료군 모두 피부의 자극이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 전복 추출물이 화장품 원료로서 피부 안전성을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effects of a soy lecithin-based supplement on the general health, skin condition, and blood lipid levels of dogs. Twenty-five, healthy, privately-owned dogs were enrolled in the study. Oral supplementation was administered for 8 weeks in the treatment group. Evaluation items included a thorough physical examination, owner responses to a questionnaire, blood analysis (CBC, CRP, serum chemistry, lipid profile). The results showed a significant improvement in amount of exercise, water intake, skin exfoliation in the treatment group (P < 0.05) but no significant changes in the other evaluation items, including no significant changes in blood component results following administration of the supplement. Most dogs well tolerated the treatment, and there were no serious adverse events. We suggest that soy lecithin has potential as a nutraceutical for the positive effect of general health condition such as activity and skin condition. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate dose level and administration frequency of soy lecithin in dogs.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.24-58
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the Efficacy and Safety of "Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract" on dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 48 patients who visited Semyung Oriental Medical Center from March 20th, 2018 to July 5th, 2018 were included in the study. In this study, the patients were treated with Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract and positive control group. For 6 weeks of gross examination, instrumental assessment were made before and after the study to evaluate how well the products for treatment group with positive control products for control group in recovering the dry skin barriers by mild atopic dermatitis. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase and Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL) showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group between Baseline and 6 weeks. 2. In the secondary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase in treatment group between Baseline and 3 weeks, but TEWL showed no statistical significance. 3. In the secondary endpoint, Skin Hydration showed a statistically significant increase in treatment group between 3 weeks and 6 weeks, but TEWL showed no statistical significance. 4. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration and TEWL between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 6 weeks. 5. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration of 1cm below the medial aspect of the elbow between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 3 weeks. 6. In the secondary endpoint, Change of Skin Hydration between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 3 weeks and 6 weeks except Center between the medial aspect of the elbow and the wrist in 3 weeks, and Change of TEWL between treatment and control group showed a statistical significance in 6 weeks. 7. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, EASI Score, Itching Symptoms Assessment, vital sign check were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And both experimental group and control group showed no abnormal level. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. Conclusions : According to the above experiments, it is suggested that "Functional cosmetics containing Humulus japonicus Extract" should be effective for dry skin due to mild atopic dermatitis.