• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

The ethanolic extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) inner shell (CISE) and one of its components, ellagic acid (EA), were evaluated for their protective effects against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) free radical generation and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line. CISE and EA were shown to possess the free radical scavenging effect against DPPH radical generation, significantly. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay and 8-hydroxy -2'-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-2'dG) assay. Furthermore, topical application of CISE [$12.5\%$(w/w) cream] and ellagic acid [$1.0\%$(w/w) cream] for 14 days potently inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) formation of mouse dorsal skin (a marker of lipid peroxidation) induced by ultraviolet B exposure. Therefore, CISE and its component, ellagic acid, may be the useful natural antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage when topically applied.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

Most skin damage caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals can act as antioxidants against UVB-induced oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of the flavone galangin against UVB-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes. Galangin efficiently scavenged free radicals and reduced UVB-induced damage to cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. Furthermore, galangin rescued cells undergoing apoptosis induced by UVB radiation via recovering mitochondrial polarization and down-regulating apoptotic proteins. These results showed that galangin protects human keratinocytes against UVB radiation-induced cellular damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant effects.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2011

Objective: The study was performed to suggest factors to consider when making or selecting protective clothing to enhance farmers' health. The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the agricultural safety technology on clothing including hat, gloves, and shoes. Background: The farmers' work clothing has to meet a multitude of requirement. Risk factors in farm-work were identified by previous researches. Agricultural safety clothing needs to be introduced. Method: We reviewed previous papers regarding the agricultural workers' health, safety clothing to protect body from excessive heat and humid environment, ultraviolet(UV) protection, and hazardous body working postures. Also the UV cut effect, pesticideproof clothing, and preventable farm work related musculoskeletal disorders were discussed. Results: The agricultural safety clothing needs to be developed to provide comfort and to be resistant against heat. The UV protection function on skin and eyes has not been fully researched in safety clothing studies yet. Conclusions and Application: The farmers' work-related body posture needs to be studied in order to make and design agricultural safety clothing. The safety issues on agricultural work shoes are also needed to be included in future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

To identify the relationship between types of employment(regular and non-regular group) and departments classification (administration, product and research group) and the levels of recognition of chemical substances, a total of 117 workers in cosmetics workplaces. Mainly, regular group and research group showed higher recognition of chemical substances (PPE, ventilation, chemical management, hazards in handling chemicals, skin contact) than non-regular group and administration, product group, but In some cases, production and administrative groups were high. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver9.2)was performed. the results of recognition of chemical substances were analyzed the mean and standard deviation by t-test, and anova, (P=0.05). These results cosmetics manufacturing workplaces have normal level of the perception of chemical substances. In most of the employment types, the regular workers showed high recognition, and the working departments showed high recognition in the research and production groups. Therefore, OEM and ODM cosmetics manufacturers regularly identify characteristics and needs of workplaces and workers, and suggest the development of experience and practiced education programs and risk assessment tools that can raise worker awareness.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.285-290
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• 2003

Living cells are continuously subject to all sorts of stress such as ultraviolet rays on skin cells. Tests made in various laboratories show that when young fibroblasts (Le. at the beginning of their proliferate life) were repeatedly put under stress at subletal doses, they acquired a phenotype similar to Senescence Induced Prematurely by Stress (SIPS). The work presented hereafter was made on a new model of senescence induced prematurely by stress from ultraviolet Brays (UVB). The human fibroblast model was put under repeated UVB stress, causing SIPS. Several ageing biomarkers were used in order to characterise the cells that underwent stress:. an increase in the proportion of positive cells with senescence associated $\beta$-galactosidase activity (SA $\beta$-gal) measured by a specific coloration,. the proportion in the different morphological stages that fibroblasts undergo during culture visualised by microscopic observation,. the expression of genes known for overexpressing during senescence, particularly fibronectin and apolipoprotein J, measured by Real Time-PCR,. the common deletion of 4,977 bp in mitochondrial DNA, evaluated by nested PCR. Studying the variation of these 4 biomarkers, we have evaluated the protective effect of a Laminaria digitata extract (LDE) that can be used as a natural active ingredient for anti-ageing cosmetics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate the pharmacological effects of preparations containing beta-carotene, $Beautycarotene^{TM}$. $Beautycarotene^{TM}$ increased the collagen synthesis in CCD-986sk cells, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro system. In addition, it enhanced the viability of murine thymocytes and the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Also, it increased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that $Beautycarotene^{TM}$ can have a protective effect of skin via the diverse action, such as the stimulatory action of collagen synthesis, antioxidative action, tyrosinase inhibitory action and immune regulatory action.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.616-622
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• 2016

Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one) is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. This study evaluated the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Baicalein absorbed light within the wavelength range of UVB. In addition, baicalein decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to UVB radiation. Baicalein protected cells against UVB radiation-induced DNA breaks, 8-isoprostane generation and protein modification in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, baicalein suppressed the apoptotic cell death by UVB radiation. These findings suggest that baicalein protected HaCaT cells against UVB radiation-induced cell damage and apoptosis by absorbing UVB radiation and scavenging ROS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.350-354
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• 2007

Taurine has been shown to be tissue-protective against oxidant-induced injury and is a powerful regulator of the immune system. However, there is no study on the antimelanogenic effect of taurine. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect of taurine in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. We examined melanin contents and tyrosinase activity according to time and concentration. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is an important regulator of melanogenesis. It has been reported that activated ERK induced microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) phosphorylation and its subsequent degradation and thus reduced melanin synthesis. In our B16F10 cell culture system, taurine led to decrease melanin contents by 21% at 48 hr. We then observed taurine effects on ERK-P, MITF and tyrosinase by Western blot. ERK was activated at 18 hr and 24 hr, whereas MITF reduced. We could not observe any differences in the levels of tyrosinase. These results suggested that taurine inhibited melanogenesis by ERK signal pathway via MITF degradation. We expect that taurine has potential skin whitening agents in cosmetics.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2004

A new type of garlic peeling chamber has been developed which separates and peels garlic cloves using high-Pressure water Jets. The cylindrically-shaped chamber was fabricated with stainless steel plate and has a number of drilled holes, which function as solid-stream spray nozzles, on its interior wall. The chamber was divided into upper and lower section so that water can be applied at different pressures from each section. Three chambers of similar design were tested to evaluate their performances according to various pressure levels. The strongest correlation was observed between the pressure difference(lower-upper) and the proportion of unseparated and completely-peeled garlic cloves. Hanji-type garlic required higher or pressure difference to separate cloves from garlic bulbs than nanji-type garlic. On the other hand, protective leaves(skin) from the cloves were peeled more easily in case of hanji-type garlic. As a result of three consecutive peeling operations, the proportion of completely-peeled garlic cloves changed in the order of 80.1, 82.6, 84.1% in case of hanji-type, and 19.6, 29.1, 40.2% in case of nanji-type garlic.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2006

Rodgersia podophylla was a native medicinal plant cultivated in Korea. During the search for a new whitening natural herb, we found that underground part of Rodgersia podophylla showed inhibitory activity against melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells by brocking tyrosinase activity. In addition, this plant exhibited protective effect on UV-B region. These results suggest that underground part of Rodgersia podophylla might be used as whitening agent for the skin.