• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.638-646
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• 2014

Background The combination of polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid creates an ideal environment for wound healing. Hyaluronic acid maintains a moist wound environment and accelerates the in-growth of granulation tissue. Polycaprolactone has excellent mechanical strength, limits inflammation and is biocompatible. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of bio-conjugated polycaprolactone membranes (BPM) as a wound dressing. Methods 16 New Zealand white rabbits were sedated and local anaesthesia was administered. Two $3.0{\times}3.0cm$ full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, between the lowest rib and the pelvic bone. The wounds were dressed with either BPM (n=12) or Mepitel (n=12) (control), a polyamide-silicon wound dressing. These were evaluated macroscopically on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days for granulation, re-epithelialization, infection, and wound size, and histologically for epidermal and dermal regeneration. Results Both groups showed a comparable extent of granulation and re-epithelialization. No signs of infection were observed. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in wound size between the two groups. BPM (n=6): $8.33cm^2$, $4.90cm^2$, $3.12cm^2$, $1.84cm^2$; Mepitel (n=6): $10.29cm^2$, $5.53cm^2$, $3.63cm^2$, $2.02cm^2$; at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days. The extents of epidermal and dermal regeneration were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions BPM is comparable to Mepitel as a safe and efficacious wound dressing.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

그 동안 다양한 병원체와 가와사끼병의 관련성이 제기되어 왔으나 아직 확실한 원인으로 증명된 것은 없다. 본 증례는 가와사끼병과 폐렴미코플라스마, 인플루엔자 감염이 동시에 병발한 환자를 소개한다. 27개월 남아가 발열과 기침, 콧물 등의 증상으로 내원하였다. 외래에서 인플루엔자 A 감염을 확인하고 oseltamivir를 복용하였으나 발열이 지속되고 경부 림프절 비대, 양측성 결막 충혈, 입술의 발적과 갈라짐, 딸기혀, BCG 접종 부위의 발진을 보였다. 이에 가와사끼병으로 진단하고 면역글로불린을 정맥주사 하였다. 환아는 혈청 항미코플라스마 IgM 항체가 양성이었고 비인두 도말 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서 폐렴미코플라스마 양성으로 나타났다. 본 증례와 더불어 가와사끼병과의 연관성이 거론되었던 병원체들을 살펴보고 가와사끼병의 병인에 대한 가설들을 고찰하여 가와사끼병의 증상이나 관상동맥 병변이 폐렴미코플라스마와 인플루엔자 뿐 아니라 다양한 감염에서 발생할 수 있을 것으로 예상하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder Three hundreds of flounders (weight $119.8{\pm}20.7g$, body length $22.6{\pm}1.4cm$) were reared in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system. Seawater was provided from the sea of Inchon in Korea, and water temperature was set to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae (F2K) vaccine (M VAC INIAE; Kyoritsu seiyaku, Japan) originated in Japan. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. Both of vaccinated group and control group were challenged with intraperitoneally injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/fish$ at 3 weeks after vaccination. Difference on mortality of control and vaccinated group (90.0 and 15.0%, 76.5 and 8.0% respectively) at two trials were found significant (p<0.05), and relative percent survival were 83.4% and 89.5%, respectively. The dead fishes were showed dark pigmentation of skin, abdominal extension, hemorrhagic ascites, and liver necrosis, and isolated the S. iniae strain from ascites, liver and kidney. We confirmed the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine by determinations of the optimal management condition and artificial challenge test in olive flounder.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

1995년 8월 전북소재 금붕어 양어지에서 금붕어의 체표 근육에 기생한 흡충, Clinostomum complanatum의 피낭 유충을 다량 검출 하였다. 피낭 유충의 크기는 $700\sim877{\times}700\sim775{\mu}m$었고, 탈낭 유충은 $2.4\sim5.5{\times}0.7\sim1.37mm$로서, 창자 내부의 황색 과립상 물질 때문에 충체는 황색으로 보인다. 충체의 앞쪽에는 $125\sim225{\times}175\sim300{\mu}m$의 구흡반이 있고, 복흡반은 $500\sim750{\times}525\sim750{\mu}m$크기로 충체의 앞쪽 1/4부위에 위치 한다. 어체 1마리당 최고 1,214개, 최저 1개가 기생 되었고, 총 276마리의 조사어에서 84.78%(234마리)의 기생율을 나타냈으며, 기생율이 가장 높은 크기는 체장 2.0~2.5cm로 94.29%, 가장 낮은 크기는 3.1~3.5cm 로 75.27%이었다. 어체 부위중 B(협부)가 가장 많이 기생(43.65%)되었고, C(가슴)부분이 가장 적게 기생(4.4%)되었다. 캬리코와 유금의 양종간에는 기생율에 큰 차이가 없었다. 본 충의 기생부위는 직경 0.4~0.8mm의 황색점으로 보이고, 그 부위는 팽융되어 울퉁불퉁하다. 200개 이상의 피낭유충이 기생된 금붕어는 수면위에 힘없이 유영하거나 쇠약해저서 폐사되었고, 특히 선별후 폐사 개체가 많았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

Background: We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the health care workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in South Korea. Methods: A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant and tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay, and chest radiography were performed. Results: A total of 493 participants, 152 (30.8%) doctors and 341 (69.2%) nurses were enrolled in eight tertiary referral hospitals. The mean age of the subjects was 30.6 years old, and 383 (77.7%) were female. Of the 152 doctors, 63 (41.4%) and 36 (23.7%) were positive by TST and by QTF-GIT, respectively, and among the 341 nurses, 119 (34.9%) and 49 (14.4%) had positive TST and QFT-GIT results, respectively. Overall, the agreement between the two tests was 0.22 by the chance corrected proportional agreement rate (kappa coefficient) in 493 subjects. Experience of working in tuberculosis (TB)-related departments was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay, not by TST. In multivariate analysis, only age was independently associated with increased risk of a positive TST result, while age and experience of working in TB-related departments (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.12) were independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTBI was found among South Korean HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in TB-related departments and high risk of LTBI, QFT-GIT may be a better diagnostic test for LTBI than TST in HCWs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1002-1012
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• 2005

5-Substituted 4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine were synthesized by interaction of 4­oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide with some aldehydes to give the corresponding Schiff-bases, which after cyclization gave corresponding thiazolidinones. For some of the thiazolidinones, Mannich bases reaction was carried out. All the derivatives were tested for their possible inhibitory effect on Schistosoma mansoni cercarial elastase (CE). Only, N'-(4-methylbenzyledine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2 ,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide was found to have potent inhibitory effect on the CE activity with $IC_{50} = 264{\mu}M.$ Upon its use as a paint for mice tails before infection with S. mansoni cercariae, the compound formulated in jojoba oil caused a significant reduction ($93\%$; P-value = 0.0002) in the worm burden. IgG & IgM in mice sera were measured by using several S. mansoni antigens by ELISA. Sera from treated infected mice (TIM) 2, 4, and 6 weeks (W) post infection (PI) showed 1.2 folds lower, 1.2 folds higher, 1.7 folds lower IgM reactivity against soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP), respectively, when compared with sera collected from infected untreated mice (IUM). Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.3, 1.6, and 1.7 folds higher IgG reactivity, respectively against CAP than the IgG reactivity from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4 and 6WPI showed 1.5, 1.2 folds lower and 1.4 folds higher IgM reactivity, respectively against soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) when compared with sera collected from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.4, 1 folds lower and 1 fold higher IgG reactivity, respectivley to SWAP when compared with sera from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI had generaly lower IgM and IgG reactivities against soluble egg antigen (SEA) when compared with sera from IUM.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2009

병든 넙치에서 분리한 Streptococcus parauberis (FP2284)를 스트레스 조건을 달리하여 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus에 인위감염한 후 조직 내 생균수 변화 및 병리조직학적 변화를 분석하였다. 인위감염 실험은 건강한 넙치 (평균 어체 중 40.4 g)에 $2{\times}10^{8}$ CFU/fish 농도로 복강주사하고 스트레스를 주지 않거나 하루 2번, 2분간 Netting 스트레스를 처리하였다. 스트레스를 주지 않은 그룹과 Netting 스트레스를 준 그룹의 누적 폐사율은 각각 70% 및 95%로 나타났다. 인위감염 시킨 넙치에서는 체색흑화와 심장의 염증이 주요 임상소견으로 나타났으며, 심장에서는 주로 심외막염, 심근염 및 심근의 섬유화가 관찰되었다. 인위감염 후 심장 조직의 세균수 변화를 측정한 결과, 주사 후 3주째까지 심장 1 g당 $10^{4}$ CFU의 세균수가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 스트레스 조건하에서 심장에서의 병리조직학적 변화가 더 심한 것으로 나타났으며, 심장 조직내 세균의 점차적인 감소가 지연되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2002

폐흡충증은 비록 발생빈도가 현저히 줄어 현재는 드물게 발생하는 질환이 되었지만 아직도 국내에 폐흡충증과 같은 기생충감염의 보고가 있으므로 게장이나 생가재 등의 섭식을 금하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 호산구 증가증을 동반한 치료되지 않은 폐질환에 있어서 비록 객담이나 대변검사에서 충란이 발견되지 않을지라도 폐흡충증에 대한 정확한 병력청취가 필요하며 폐흡충증은 피내반응검사로 간단히 선별검사를 할 수 있고, 면역효소측정법을 이용하여 비교적 정확하게 진단할 수 있기 때문에 관심을 가지고 적극적인 검사 및 치료가 시행되어야겠다. 폐흡충증이 폐결핵과 임상증상이나 방사선학적으로 여러 가지 유사한 소견을 보인다는 점에서 폐결핵과 감별하는 것은 중요할 것 같다. 본 증례들은 전남 영암 월출산 계곡에서 잡은 생가재를 섭식한 후 일가족에서 발생한 폐흡충증으로서 이제까지 폐흡충증의 발생지역으로 보고된 적이 없었던 월출산 계곡을 새로운 폐흡충증의 발생지역으로 보고하며 지속적인 호산구 증가증을 동반한 치료되지 않은 폐질환이 있을 때 폐흡충증과 같은 기생충감염의 가능성에 대해서도 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.455-470
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• 2007

The usage of appropriate disinfectants is essential for infection control in dental hospitals, dental clinics. Inadequate use of disinfectants is the cause of human or environmental toxicity and is a waste of cost. This study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge on the disinfection and chemical disinfectants among dental workers in dental hospitals, dental clinics. It's ultimately intended to serve as a basis for the preparation of more effective, appropriate educational programs on the disinfection and manuals on the use of disinfectants for dental workers. This study enforced a questionnaire with 184 dental workers employed in dental hospitals, dental clinics from 15 Aug. to 15 Sep. 2007, in the area of Daejeon. The obtained result were as follows; 1. The population sociological feature of dental hospital and dental clinic showed that significant differences of dental service career(pM0.039). Dental service career of dental workers shows; below 3 years 42.9%, 4~6 years 34.7%, more than 7 years 22.4% in dental hospitals, below 3 years 30.4%, 4~6 years 26.7%, more than 7 years 43.0% in dental clinics(pM0.039). 2. The average score of dental workers knowledge in 'Critical item soaks in high-level disinfectants for 20minutes was 2.73V0.49 point, got from knowledge of dental instrument is appropriate to immerse before sterilization in the dental device disinfection(pM0.002). 3. In the general disinfection which it follows in education experience of chemical disinfectants direction for use, 'Direction for use by Spaulding process classification' responded that the correct answer was the education experience dental workers 60.0%, the education non-experience dental workers 39.5%(p=0.026). 4. In the dental device disinfection which it follows in education experience of chemical disinfectants direction for use. 'High level disinfection is not applied for the non-critical items and equipment' responded that the education experience dental workers 49.2%, the education non-experience dental workers 31.9%(pM0.045), 'Semi-critical items is applied same method in presence of the infection disease which it acts responded that the education experience dental workers 44.6% answer back, the education non-experience dental workers 24.4%(pM0.017). 5. 'A hand disinfectants of anticeptics have effect' the education experience dental workers 78.5% answer back, the education non-experience dental workers 52.9%(pM0.003). 1t uses with hand disinfectants when the instruments which be imbrued and patient contact', the education experience dental workers 78.5% answer back, the education non-experience dental workers 62.2%(pM0.026), 'Boric acid solution uses for the skin disinfectants the education experience dental workers 52.3% answer back, the education non-experience dental workers is 37.0%(pM0.016), 'Gluconate have effective difference which it follows in chemical disinfectant consistency and the solution type' education experience dental workers 72.3% answer back, education non-experience dental workers 47.9%(pM0.004). 6. The education experience dental workers were appeared higher than the education non-experience dental workers in knowledge of the disinfection and chemical disinfectants. Consequently system and the specialty education which is standardized continuously must be provided to all dental workers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.76-92
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• 1997

Porpilyromonas endodontalis is specifically involved in endodontic infections. The bacterium can be isolated almost exclusively only from infected rool canals. P. gingivalis also has been implicated in endodontic infection. Pathogemcity of P. gingival is is attributed to a variety of virulence factors, especially proteases, produced by the bacterium. Importance of P. endodontalis in endodontic infection has been revealed. However, the pathogenic property of P. endodontalis has not been extensively studied. The present study was undertaken to characterize the proteolytic activity of P. endodontalis and compare the activity with that of P. gingivalis which has the most potent and diverse proteases among oral bacteria. For this purpose, culture supematants(SUP) and cell extracts(CE) were obtained from these two bacteria and were subjected to zymography using 15% polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin, type I, IV collagens or albumin. Hydrolysis of the collagens was further investigated by the cleavage assay using native type I and IV collagens in solution-phase. The results were as follows: 1. P. endodontalis apparently has a proteolytic activity that is comparable with that of P. gingivalis. 2. SUP and CE obtained from P. endodontalis and P. gingival is showed the strongest activity for gelatin, followed by type I and IV collagens, and albumin. 3. In the zymography, no noticeable difference in proteolytic activity for gelatin and albumin between the SUP and CE was observed, but in the cleavage assay using native collagens, the SUP showed a stronger collagenolytic activity than the CE. 4. The gelatinolytic activity of both the SUP and CE from these two bacteria was diminished in the presence of $CaCl_2$ or reducing agents such as ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol(DTT). 5. Type I(calf skin and human placenta) collagenolytic activity of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was reduced by DTT but not affected by $CaCl_2$. The inhibitory effect of DTT, however, was reduced to some extent by $CaCl_2$. 6. Type IV collagenolytic activity of these two bacteria was not affected by $CaCl_2$ but increased to some extent in association with the reducing agents. 7. Hydrolysis of albumin by P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was demonstrated only in the presence of the reducing agents. The overall results indicate that with respect to proteolytic activity, P. endodontalis appears to be as potent as P. gingivalis, or maybe more, and its proteolytic characteristic is similar to that of P. gingivalis. This suggests that P. endodontalis has so potent proteolytic activity that can participate by itself in endodontic infections and apical periodontitis, causing tissue destruction.