• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.174-175
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• 2019

Recently, due to air pollution caused by fine dust, it is considered as a social problem. Increasing fine dust has intensified air pollution, causing many diseases and damages. This year, Seoul, South Korea, reached a severe level of fine dust pollution worldwide. The Ministry of Environment has strengthened the environmental standard for fine dust (PM2.5) from $50{\mu}g/m^3$ to $35{\mu}g/m^3$ since March 2018. When fine dust enters the human body, it causes bronchial or skin elongation such as respiratory allergies, irritable pneumonia, asthma and atopy. In this study, $TiO_2$ rutile with photocatalytic activity was used, and materials prepared by rutile sulfuric acid method were used. The photocatalytic activity rate is 95% or more and the density is $4.1g/cm^3$. The matrix was based on cement, and the substitution rate of $TiO_2$ was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 (%). The test item is flexural strength and compressive strength.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2022

Cosmetics are products that consumers use every day to maintain or improve the health of their skin and hair. Therefore, the expansion of the cosmetics market leads to the expansion of disputes over cosmetic damage. Along with constant social changes, new conflicts continue to arise. In order to resolve these disputes, various consumer dispute resolution organizations and methods are required. Therefore, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), an alternative method that can provide a reasonable judgment on problems that occur during the manufacture and distribution of cosmetics with expert knowledge of the industry, is required. Korea resolves disputes between consumers and manufacturers caused by cosmetics through the ADR of the Korea Cosmetics Association and the Korea Consumer Agency. It handles disputes related to accidents caused by cosmetics, offers consultation on consumer complaints on cosmetics and provides information on accidents and safety related to cosmetics. It is not possible to completely eradicate disputes from cosmetic damages. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and efficiently operate the cosmetic ADR system for consumers. In this study, the current status of cosmetic damage disputes and damage relief and the role of the domestic ADR system were reviewed. Consumers should be easily relieved from damage caused by cosmetics. By accumulating important precedents with an efficient cosmetic damage dispute resolution system, disputes over cosmetic damage should be smoothly resolved.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.303-306
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• 2003

Indonesia is a tropical country having a temperature range of 25-35$^{\circ}C$ which can affect the skin and causes damages like aging. This aging process is due, at least, to free radical reactions. For this reason, many attempts had been done to find out creams containing natural antioxidant compound which have a potential of free radical scavenger. Kluwek, a fermented form of foot ball fruit or picung (Pangium edule.Reinw), had been proved to contain antioxidant compound in its methanol fraction oil to which antiaging cream was formulated. Stability evaluation was conducted for cream with Kluwek oil compared to base cream, including organoleptic (colour and odour), pH, viscosity, particle size, centrifugation test and flow characteristics either in room temperature (27$^{\circ}C$) or stress condition (4$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$) for 8 weeks continuously, and six times cycling test at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$ every 24 hours. The results showed that cream with Kluwek oil and base cream were stable at temperature 27 and 4$^{\circ}C$, cycling test and centrifugation test, but not stable at 5$0^{\circ}C$. Free radical evaluation was done by Electron Spin Resonance and the result showed that cream with Kluwek oil had less free radicals compared to base cream.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.80-116
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• 2009

It studies into viewpoints of 7 doctors of Wenbing studies on macula. The results concerning characteristics, remedy and prevention of macula are as follows; Macule does not protrude on the surface of skin and does not have any color change for external stimulus, but rash out on the surface and becomes white when pushed. It becomes macule when the blood leaks beneath skin as stomach-heat of yangming enters into blood system and damages it. On the other hand, when heat enters lung meridian, penetrates beneath the skin and congeals inside the vessel, it becomes rash. When you combine symptoms of body and pulse with numbers, color, shape and distribution status of macula, you can diagnose the depth of rash, seriousness, the possibility of treatment and prognosis of macula. The remedy for macule consists of cooling heat of yaming, removing heat from the blood and relieving feverish rash, and the one for rash consists of facilitating meridian with aroma, expelling pathogenic factors from muscles with drugs of pungent flavor and cool nature and clearing away heat from the blood systems. It relieves the inhibited functional activities of lung-Ki, and helps extermination of rash as well as clearing heat of the vessel. Also, it is the most important to preserve resin of stomach for every treatment. It is good to avoid expelling pathogenic factors with drugs of pungent flavor and warm nature, raising drugs and invigorating drugs during treating macula. Moreover, the patients should not over dose cold-natured drugs and purgative therapy. There are common clinical symptoms of macula in advance, so right recognition of symptoms can contribute to prevention of macula.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 예로부터 민간에서 사용되어진 약초인 토인삼 추출물의 피부보호 효과를 측정하기위해 항산화, 자외선에 의해 유도된 matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) 발현저해효과, 자외선에 대한 세포보호효과, 노화세포를 이용한 senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) 활성을 사람 섬유아세포(HDF)를 이용하여 확인하였다. 그 결과, 토인삼 추출물의 free radical과 superoxide radical 소거효과는 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE) 500 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 98.45%와 97.01%의 DPPH와 superoxide radical을 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)의 MMP-1의 발현 저해효과는 섬유아세포에서 UVA조사 실험에서 우수하게 나타났으며, UVB 조사에 의한 세포보호 효과도 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 노화세포를 이용한 SA-${\beta}$-gal활성은 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)을 처리하였을 시 염색된 세포의 수가 감소하여 세포내 senescence를 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보면, 토인삼의 지상부분인 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)은 항노화 및 항산화제로서의 우수한 특성으로 피부손상에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대응하는 새로운 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 가지는 것으로 평가된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, component analysis, antioxidative activity and cellular protective effects against oxidative stress on human skin cells in 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) Makino. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activites ($FSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 246.8, 147.2, $128.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were 37.15, 10.74, $7.19{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. We investigated the cellular protective activity and the results showed that treatment of aglycone fraction ($0.05-0.39{\mu}g/mL$) protect human skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner when the skin cell damages were induced by treating them with $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that extract/fractions of G. pentaphyllum Makino may be applicable as natural antioxidants in cosmetics.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2007

SKH1-hr 및 ICR 마우스에서 자외선 B(UVB) 조사에 의한 피부 일광화상세포(SBC) 및 ATPase 양성 표피 가지세포(DC)의 변화에 대한 대나무(분죽, Phyllostachys nigra var. henenis Strapf) 잎 추출물 (BLE)의 효과를 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$) 조사 후 24시간에 희생시켰으며, BLE는 체중 kg당 50 mg의 용량으로 자외선 조사전 36시간, 12시간 및 조사 후 30분에 3회 복강내 주사하였다. 피부도포군은 0.2%의 용량으로 BLE 크림을 제조하고 자외선 조사전 24시간, 15분 및 조사후 즉시, 총 3회 도포하였다. 정상대조군 등쪽 피부에서는 길이 cm당 0.3개의 SBC가 관찰되었고, 자외선 조사에 따라 급격히 증가하였다. BLE 복강내 주사군(59.0%) 및 피부도포군(31.8%)에서 UVB에 의한 SBC의 발생은 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 정상대조군에서 귀등쪽 피부의 DC수는 $mm^2$당 $628.00{\pm}51.56$ 또는 $663.20{\pm}62.58$개 였으며, UVB 조사후 1일에 복강내 부영제 투여군에서는 39.0%, 부영제 피부 도포군에서는 27.1%감소하였다. 자외선 B조사에 의한 DC의 감소는 부영제를 처리한 UVB 조사군에 비하여, BLE 복강내 투여군에서는 25.7%, 피부도포군에서는 3.2%의 감소억제 효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에서 BLE 투여가 UVB에의한 피부손상을 경감시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2003

It is considered to be important to create aesthetically beautiful style through the change of external shape, however for the hair stylists, whose beauty expression is through hair, the role of hair doctor is becoming even more important with focus to improve the hair healthiness. Hair clinic is management of hair and scalp. It is the management process of preventing damages, while improving and cultivating healthy and shiny hair. The current concept in hair management is moving from simple hair styling to emphasis at hair management. As far as hair management is concerned, it usually includes treatment tools such as shampoo, conditioner, hair treatment and scalp scaling system, which is used for diagnosis of hair condition in order to treat the scalp. As the interest of hair healthiness becoming more wide spread, so does the breadth of clinic menu. The wide choice is to fulfill the profound desire of people, whose demands are simply to have variety in their choice. This is resulting in faucets of new value-added and differentiated products. The values that make-up the hair styles consist of mainly design (trend, preference), function(styling, management convenience) and clinic(hair quality improvement, damage repair). Shampoo and conditioner have gone beyond their original function of cleansing to providing combinational functions of treatment, to care and remedy, and advanced massage effectiveness. These are, to name a few that seem to go beyond their original function to satisfy the mental healthiness in people, the King Kong shampoo of shampooings in forward-backward manner, 5-minute shampoo massage that applies sports and relaxation massage, scalp acupunctural message and aural(ear) massage. More and more people are complaining about the damaged hair and hair loss problems due to perms, dyeing and bleaching of hair, in addition to natural scalp and hair damaging factors. Such complaints have stimulated many beauty products and various hair treatment systems being introduced with focus to provide nutrition and prevent damages to scalp and hair. As the living standards improve and the desire of people is to pursue differentiated lives, their demand also increases in hair styling products to fulfill the needs of healthy and aesthetical aspects of their lives.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2013

국내외적으로 ACLSV, ASGV, ApMV, ASSVd와 같은 바이러스 및 바이로이드 병의 발생으로 사과 과실의 생산량 감소와 기형적인 외형 등 많은 문제점들이 보고되었다. 하지만 사과 바이러스의 감염에 대한 방제 대책은 거의 알려진 바가 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사과 신품종인 '단홍', '홍안', '새나라', '썸머드림'을 분양하기에 앞서 바이러스 무병묘를 생산하는 시스템을 확립하고자 하였다. $37^{\circ}C$가 유지되는 항온 항습장치에서 4주간 열처리를 하였으며 기내에서 경정 배양을 하였다. 열처리된 각각의 사과 신품종들은 바이러스 진단 프라이머를 통해 RT-PCR을 수행하여 바이러스 진단을 수행하였다. 결과적으로 '단홍'은 28%의 바이러스 무병묘를 확보할 수 있었으며 '홍안'은 16%, '새나라'와 '썸머드림'은 12%의 확률로 바이러스 무병 사과를 확보할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 열처리 및 경정배양을 통해 사과 신품종에서 바이러스 무병묘 생산 시스템 구축이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2019

피부 기저막에 위치하고 있는 인간 상피 줄기 세포는 피부상피층의 항상성 유지에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 비록 상피 줄기 세포가 조직손상에 대한 반응으로 상처 회복에 필요한 새로운 세포들을 공급하고 있지만 일부 세포는 정지 상태로 남아 생존을 위해 분화와 노화로부터 보호된다. 이러한 관점에서 적소세포와 외부세포기질 단백질로 구성된 특정 미세환경인 줄기세포 적소는 줄기세포를 보호하기 위해 적절한 자극을 제공해 준다. 줄기세포 마커는 상피 줄기세포의 표면에 발현되며, 기저막의 세포외기질과 부착하여 장기간의 성장 잠재력을 가지며 외부 자극에 대한 세포 사멸의 저항성을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 외부자극의 주요 인자로써 자외선 조사가 인테그린 α2, β1 와 α6 의 발현을 저하시킴을 확인하였으며 붉나무 추출물이 자외선에 의해 유도되어지는 인테그린 발현 저하를 억제하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 붉나무 추출물은 콜라겐 IV와 라미닌과 같은 상피 줄기세포의 부착과 연관된 분자들의 발현을 상향조절 하였다. 이러한 결과는 붉나무 추출물이 줄기세포 표면의 인테그린의 발현을 증가시키고 적소에서의 세포외기질 성분의 발현을 증가시킴으로써 자외선 조사에 대한 보호효과가 있음을 확인하였다.