• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.498-507
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• 2009

There has been insufficient studies on the effect of programming language learning on logical thinking ability. Each study result on the improvement degree and items of logical thinking ability is different according to the object of the study, its method, and the learning subject, which makes the generalization process difficult. Moreover, the necessity of programming language learning seems not proved, because it is not apparent whether the improvement of logical thinking ability is due to the advancement of knowledge or programming language learning. In this study, we instructed educational programming languages to elementary students in 6th grade for 7 hours, investigated its effect on logical-thinking ability by the meta-cognition level, and compared the result with that of computer skill learning. As a result, for Dolittle, LOGO, and Powerpoint learning groups, the logical-thinking ability of high meta-cognition level students has increased with significance, but that of low meta-cognition level students has significantly increased for Dolittle and LOGO groups only. However, regardless of meta-cognition levels, there was no significant difference of logical-thinking ability between all three groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.247-261
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• 2004

According to several researches and news reports on the lottery system for a school entrance, the private education fee, lower quality of education and classroom crisis at our real education settings are serious. The author analyses that those problems are not because of the lottery system for a school entrance itself, because of not changing the lecturing to all the students in a class into proper teaching and learning method for school condition regards to the lottery system changed 30 years ago. The lottery system makes that the different levels of students are in one class. The author recommends changing the general lecturing into the teaching and learning method by using the information processing models which are made for individual study. She also interprets the synthesis level of a information processing model for the use of teachers and librarians. The synthesis level is most ambiguous process for students when they organize the information gathered into a report.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation forms of goat milk, and the changes in the flavor of goat milk fermented using single and mixed strains of commercial Lactobacilli during storage. The mixed strains reached a lower pH more quickly than the single strains. The mixed strains also had higher rates of Lactobacillus proliferation. The tastes detected in sensory tests can differ depending on the skill levels of the panel, making it difficult to obtain reproducible and objective data when numerous samples are analyzed. Therefore, we measured changes in flavor during storage using taste sensors. The taste sensors measured diverse flavor changes in goat milk fermented using single strains and mixed strains. Notably, this study is the first in our country to measure changes in the taste and composition of fermented milk during cold storage using taste sensors. This work could have great value for the maintenance and monitoring of dairy products within their expiration dates.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

Far reducing medical radiation exposure and managing patient doses, Entrance surface doses(ESDs) were measured at Diagnostic Radiology Department in ASAN medical center, also we determined and compared with the Diagnostic Reference Level(DRL) of some other countries. ESDs were measured far the most common types of X-ray procedures, such as chest PA, lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine lateral, Pelvis AP, Skull PA. ESDs were measured by Glass dosimeter and Unfors Xi meter. Those were applied collimation center of phantom's entrance skin surface. The results of ESDs were compared Glass dosimeter with Unfors Xi meter. Those were measured within 5% statistical difference. It seemed well agreement at two devices. In most cases ESDs measured far the different types of X ray procedures were found to be lower than the DRL of IAEA, but ESDs on chest PA, lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine lateral, Pelvis AP, Skull PA were proximity ar excesses at DRL of advanced country. Through this study, we need an investigation and improvement at present diagnostic radiology exam system. Also, radiologists make an effort to reduce patient dose and having a technical skill.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Self-foot reflexology (SFR) on the hypertension of workers. The purpose of the research was to evaluate: levels of knowledge, physical and emotional condition, work stress and fatigue on the hypertension of employees in the workplace. Quasi-experimental study was designed in the setting of a nonequivalent control and experimental Group applied by the pre and post test. The total subjects undertaken in the study were total of 34 employees working in three companies in Seoul. The SFR program was consisted of 6 phases. There were 2 minutes for preparation, 4 minutes for slow down, 26 minutes for base reflex, symptoms of a disease reflex and excretion reflex stimulation. Finally, there was 20 minutes relaxation in a comfortable posture and drinking hot water after blood pressure was checked in the order. This program was running 55 minutes a day everyday three times a week during the entire 8 week course. The finding showed blood pressure was reduced significantly. Moreover, the level of total cholesterol. high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, depression, work stress, and fatigue were decreased in the study. But, they were not statistically significant except as it related to Group comparisons in time. The level of state anxiety was statistically significant between 2 Groups, but not in the time comparison of both Groups. As a summary of the study results, the SFR program was regarded as contributing to the physical and emotional promotion of employees. It had partially increased body circulations of functional organ related to the SFR sites. And, it improved relaxation of physical and mental condition through energy movement 'Chi'. Therefore, the SFR technique should be considered as an effective skill of a nursing program. Furthermore, it can be newly adopted as a nursing curriculum as a part of alternative treatment. However, it still needed to testify its effects through the review study.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

Objective: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section are one of the most important equipment for improving the competition. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specific for bobsleigh athletes in Korea and Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes and practice the start instead of wearing bobsleigh shoes. The objective of the present study was to provide data for improving the performance of Korean bobsleigh athletes by investigating the differences in their split time, plantar pressure, and forefoot bending angle based on skill levels at the start of a run under the same conditions as training conditions. Method: Six Korean bobsleigh athletes were divided into two groups, superior (n=3) and non-superior (n=3). A digital speedometer measured the split time at the start; the Pedar-X system (Novel, Germany) measured plantar pressure. Plantar pressures and split times were measured as the athletes pushed a bobsleigh and sprinted at full speed from the start line to the 10-m mark on the bobsleigh track. An ultra-high-speed camera was used to measure the forefoot bending angle during the start phase. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in split times (p<.000; superior = 2.38 s, non-superior = 2.52 s). The superior group had a larger rearfoot (p<.05) contact area, maximum rearfoot force (p<.01), and a larger change in angles 3 and 4 (p<.05). Conclusion: At the start of a bobsleigh run, proper use of the rearfoot for achieving effective driving force and increasing frictional resistance through a wider frictional force can shorten start time.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception of current music therapy curriculum perceived by music therapy graduate students who are currently enrolled in the program. A total of 100 students responded. The subject 'music therapy techniques'(23.2%) was identified as highly regarded topic as important subject matter. Respondents showed different levels of skills and confidence according to their previous major areas; music vs. non-music major. Regarding the clinical practicum, students in the higher level practicum showed higher competence; however the level of competence was decreased as they entered the internship. Also 'Counseling and psychology related subjects' was the most preferred subject (19.7%) and 'professionalism as a music therapist' was the most significant factor indicated by the respondents(51.8%). Overall, general information and perception regarding music therapy curriculum was described, and the results implies the importance and needs of future music therapy curriculum development.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the construction reproducibility of a composite tooth model (CTM) composed of an intraoral-scanned crown and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-scanned root. Methods: The study assessed 240 teeth (30 central incisors, 30 canines, 30 second premolars, and 30 first molars in the maxillary and mandibular arches) from 15 young adult patients whose pre-treatment intraoral scan and CBCT were available. Examiner-Reference (3 years' experience in CTM construction) and Examiners-A and Examiner-B (no experience) constructed the individual CTMs independently by performing the following steps: image acquisition and processing into a three-dimensional model, integration of intraoral-scanned crowns and CBCT-scanned teeth, and replacement of the CBCT-scanned crown with the intraoral-scanned crown. The tooth axis angle in terms of mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination of the CTMs constructed by the three examiners were measured. To assess the construction reproducibility of CTMs, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessments were performed. Results: The ICC values of mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination among the 3 examiners showed excellent agreement (0.950-0.992 and 0.965-0.993; 0.976-0.994 and 0.973-0.995 in the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively). Conclusions: The CTM showed excellent construction reproducibility in mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination regardless of the construction skill and experience levels of the examiners.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.287-290
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• 2010

Objective : The authors evaluated the accuracies and ease of use of several commonly used microanastomosis training models (synthetic tube, chicken wing, and living rat model). Methods : A survey was conducted among neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents at a workshop held in 2009 at the authors' institute. Questions addressed model accuracy (similarity to real vessels and actual procedures) and practicality (availability of materials and ease of application in daily practice). Answers to each question were rated using a 5-point scale. Participants were also asked what types of training methods they would chose to improve their skills and to introduce the topic to other neurosurgeons or neurosurgery residents. Results : Of the 24 participants, 20 (83.3%) responded to the survey. The living rat model was favored for model accuracy (p<0.001; synthetic tube $-0.95{\pm}0.686$, chicken wing, $0.15{\pm}0.587$, and rat, $1.75{\pm}0.444$) and the chicken wing model for practicality (p<0.001; synthetic tube $-1.55{\pm}0.605$, chicken wing, $1.80{\pm}0.523$, and rat,$1.30{\pm}0.923$). All (100%) chose the living rat model for improving their skills, and for introducing the subject to other neurosurgeons or neurosurgery residents, the chicken wing and living rat models were selected by 18 (90%) and 20 (100%), respectively. Conclusion : Of 3 methods examined, the chicken wing model was found to be the most practical, but the living rat model was found to represent reality the best. We recommend the chicken wing model to train surgeons who have mastered basic techniques, and the living rat model for experienced surgeons to maintain skill levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.179-207
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• 2008

This study aims to propose a set of guidelines for the development of university librarians' continuing education program. It examines previous academic literature regarding such programs both in Korea and overseas, as well as the present condition and demands of Korean university librarians. A survey was conducted by systematically sampling 33.3% of all university librarians nationwide and asking about their experiences with the existing continuing education program(e. g., general satisfaction level, program topics, program administration, evaluation methods, outreach methods, reasons for participation). The survey results show that the participants: (1) had a relatively low satisfaction level; (2) strongly demand programs focusing on library promotion, management of information resources and knowledge content, and skills to adiust to the rapidly changing library environment; (3) prefer a week-long course focused on specialized subjects and skill development; and (4) cite more specialized education content, the establishment of a support system, and diversified education levels as factors that would further their interest in the continuing education program.