• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

The dual-fuel technology, which uses gaseous fuel as the main fuel and liquid as the pilot fuel, is an appealing technology for reducing the exhaust emissions. The current study proposes emission models based on ANFIS for a dual-fuel using producer gas (PG)-diesel engine. Emissions measurements were taken at different engine load levels and fuel injection timings. The proposed model predictions were examined using statistical methods. With R2 values in the range of 0.9903 to 0.9951, the established ANFIS model was found to be consistently robust in predicting emission characteristics. The mean absolute percentage deviate in range 1.9 to 4.6%, and mean squared error varies in range 0.0018 to 13.9%. The evaluation of the ANFIS model developed shows a reliable claim of intrinsic sensitivity, strength, and outstanding generalization. The presented meta-model can be used to simulate the engine's operation in order to create an efficient control tool.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.970-977
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• 2009

Organizational personnel must have well-developed interpersonal skills to deal with the different stakeholders and departments, to work at different levels in the hierarchy, and to meet varying performance requirements. Many leadership development and mentoring programs are designed to expose students as well as construction professionals to contemporary leadership techniques and skills. Leadership skills generally separate into three decision-making styles with varying degrees: 1) Autocratic, 2) Participate, and 3) Free-rein. This paper describes the study of leadership styles among 174 construction professionals and addresses the most appropriate leadership style for a project executive and a project manager in relation to compare with the characteristic leadership style and job functions. The study supports the growing importance of leadership skills as a component of managerial functions and provides a benchmark to identify a dominant leadership skill for a specific managerial position.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare and contrast the evaluation scores on students OSCE performance between the instructors and students according to the Bloom's taxonomy. Methods: A total of sixty six students in a nursing college in Seoul, Korea and four instructors were recruited in the study. The 28 sophomore students were assigned to an OSCE on intravenous injection, whereas 38 junior students on tracheostomy care. Knowledge levels were measured by the students using the researcher developed knowledge questionnaires, and the attitudes and skills by the students and instructors by the modified clinical performance checklists. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 program. Results: For knowledge, the higher GPA of the previous semester was only significant factor of higher knowledge scores. There were statistically significant differences in scores of total (t=-2.740, p=.008) and skill (t=-2.528, p=0.014), but not in attitude between the instructors and students' evaluations. The students evaluated their skill scores significantly higher than those of the instructors. For knowledge, the higher GPA of the previous semester was the only significant factor of higher knowledge scores. In attitude scores, the students in higher grade significantly overestimated themselves (t=3.076, p=.003). Conclusion: Clinical performance assessment requires methodological validity and reliability for student to attain necessary clinical skills properly and efficiently. The findings of this study mandate various assessment methods for nursing simulation evaluations to be valid.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effects of peer assisted learning (PAL) using video recordings in standardized patients (SP) simulation. Methods: A mixed-method approach was adopted, in which quantitative data were supplemented with qualitative data. Research participants consisted of 49 nursing students, 24 of whom were assigned to the experimental group, and 25 to the control group. The 12 item instrument was used to measure perioperative care knowledge, while performance confidence was assessed with the 10 item questionnaire, and clinical critical thinking skills with the Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTS). Qualitative data were collected using a reflective journaling and in-depth interviews. Results: Participants in the experimental group exhibited significantly higher levels of knowledge than those in the control group (t=5.43, p<.001), and were significantly more confident in their performances (F=52.33, p<.001). However, no significant differences were found between the experimental and the control groups with regard to CCTS (t=0.72, p=.477). A qualitative content analysis was conducted using the interview and reflective journaling data, in which six major themes were elicited from three codes. Conclusion: PAL employing video recordings is expected to be utilized as a teaching and learning strategy in simulation-based nursing practicum with greater frequency and longer period, given the positive effects observed in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

The study was to investigate the effects of stimulus velocity and passer's skill level on anticipation timing performance. Fourteen subjects(seven novices and seven experts) were required to make a total 12 passes in coincidence with an experimentally manipulated moving light signal in randomly presented three different conditions(4m/s, $3m/s{\rightarrow}5m/s$, $5m/s{\rightarrow}3m/s$). Results of analyses showed that absolute error(AE) and constant error(CE) were greater in constant acceleration of the moving stimulus. In addition, experts were more accuracy and consistency than novices on absolute, constant and variable error(VE). These findings indicated that stimulus velocity served as the major determination of anticipation timing performance of passing.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

As a 21C core skill, computational thinking has been focused recently, and computer programming education is popular in primary and secondary schools. This paper aims to analyze the computer programming learning results based on gender difference and verify the reasons causing the difference. In this research, we focused on students' abstract thinking level as a variable and used C programming language and the RUR-PLE. Also, in this research, we focused on the concept of abstraction, one of the main component of computational thinking. And then, we analyze 587 high school students' abstract thinking level and survey them in order to find a new method for enhancing programming skill. In addition, we analyzed the causes for the difference in how the abstract thinking level applies when the students understand various structures of computer programs. From the results, we can propose a computer programming education method that enhances students' merits and compensates their drawbacks in the near future.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

During periodontal examination and periodontal recall visit, patients might feel pain. Probing with 0.45mm diameter probe, "overprobing" into connective tissue underlying periodontal pocket could be the primary aspect of pain. The purpose of present study, performed during recall visit, was to compare the levels of pain experienced by patients during periodontal probing using probes with the tip diameter of either 0.45mm or 0.63mm. Twenty patients were enrolled: 3 periodontists each exammined 20 patients at the Dankook university dental hospital. in each patient at six sites per tooth, diagonal maxillary/mandibular quad-rants were probed with 0.45mm diameter and 0.63mm diameter probe. Lower pain responses following probing with the 0.63mm diameter probe as compared to the 0.45mm probe were observed for patients of therapist 2 and the upper VAS quartile Groups(P<0.05). For therapist 1 and 3 groups, no differences were found. Patient worry about the pain while dental treatment procedures. If therapist use 0.63mm diameter probe while periodontal examination and recall visit, the patient's pain and discomfort could be reduced. Therefore, patient will cooperate more during the treatment, which leads to a better result. Dental therapists should make an effort to minimize the degree of discomfort during treatment. Dental therapist periodically should evaluate this part of their skill by asking patients and promote this skill.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.507-525
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• 2018

This study examines the consumer empowerment index for Chinese elderly consumers, the impact of socio-demographic variables, exposure to mass media, and communication about consumption on consumer empowerment. The consumer empowerment index is composed of three factors: consumer knowledge, consumer attitude, and consumer skill. Data were collected from 301 Chinese elderly consumers aged 60 to 80 years old via a professional online survey firm. The findings of the analysis were described using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, the average of consumer knowledge was 35.69 points out of 100, consumer skill was 65.71 points, and consumer attitude was 68.87 points. Second, socio-demographic variables indicated that education level, previous occupation, type of residence and communication about consumption impact consumer empowerment. Elderly consumers with higher education had higher consumer attitudes and better overall consumer empowerment than those with lower education. Consumers who were self-employed workers had higher consumer skills than those of technical or service workers. Elderly consumers who live alone had higher consumer skills than those who live in a nursing home. Third, according to communication about consumption, family communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes, skills and overall empowerment, while friend communication is positively associated with consumer attitudes and overall empowerment. The findings of this study are useful in developing guidelines that help the government make consumer education systems for the elderly who want to improve consumer empowerment levels evenly among these factors.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.395-409
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• 2022

A new soil moisture initialization scheme is applied to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Seasonal forecasting system version 6 (GloSea6). It is designed to ingest the microwave soil moisture retrievals from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF). In this technical note, we describe the procedure of the newly-adopted initialization scheme, the change of soil moisture states by assimilation, and the forecast skill differences for the surface temperature and precipitation by GloSea6 simulation from two preliminary experiments. Based on a 4-year analysis experiment, the soil moisture from the land-surface model of current operational GloSea6 is found to be drier generally comparing to SMAP observation. LETKF data assimilation shows a tendency toward being wet globally, especially in arid area such as deserts and Tibetan Plateau. Also, it increases soil moisture analysis increments in most soil levels of wetness in land than current operation. The other experiment of GloSea6 forecast with application of the new initialization system for the heat wave case in 2020 summer shows that the memory of soil moisture anomalies obtained by the new initialization system is persistent throughout the entire forecast period of three months. However, averaged forecast improvements are not substantial and mixed over Eurasia during the period of forecast: forecast skill for the precipitation improved slightly but for the surface air temperature rather degraded. Our preliminary results suggest that additional elaborate developments in the soil moisture initialization are still required to improve overall forecast skills.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-193
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• 2017

This study analyzed the determinants that affect employment retention rate in order to diagnose dynamic employment stability in Korea. For this analysis, we constructed multi-level hierarchical data linking Workplace panel survey data and employment insurance job history data. And the determinants were analyzed using a multi-level analysis model suitable for these data. As result of the analysis, it is estimated that the employment stability is very low in Korea due to the widespread existence of the marginal sectors with low wage level and high level of nonstandard employment. In addition, the results of this analysis show that employment structure of Korea occupies considerable area of short-term employment where employment and unemployment are repeated, and overall employment stability is weak. This fact is likely to be a limiting factor for continued growth, as there is limited opportunity for skill development and skills formation at the corporate and individual levels. According to the results of this analysis, it is required to improve the quality of the employment structure for continuous growth and skill formation.