• 한방비만학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.102-114
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• 2022

Objectives: We investigated the effects of Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (AFB) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and the regulation of energy metabolism in muscle tissues of mice. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks, male) were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then administrated with AFB extract at 500 mg/kg (p.o.) once daily for 4 weeks. The body weight (BW), muscle weight, calorie intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum glucose, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in mice. It was also observed the histological changes of pancreas, liver, and fat tissues with hematoxylin and eosin staining. It was investigated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Ser/Thr kinase (AKT), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in gastrocnemius tissues by western blot, respectively. Results: The increases of BWs, calorie intakes and FBG levels in obesity mice were decreased significantly by the administration of AFB extract. The AFB extract administration was reduced significantly serum levels of glucose, insulin, and LDL-C in obesity mice. The AFB extract inhibited lipid accumulation in liver tissues, hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, and enlargement of fat tissues in obesity mice. The phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT was increased significantly in muscle tissues and AMPK phosphorylation and the GLUT4 and Sirt1 expression were decreased significantly in muscle tissues after the AFB administration. Conclusions: Our study indicates that AFB extract improves symptoms of obesity through regulation of energy regulating proteins in muscle tissues.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2022

근육 양과 근력의 감소에 의한 근감소증은 다양한 병적 상태의 악화, 삶의 질 저하, 사망률의 증가를 동반하며, 기대수명이 증가함에 따라 앞으로도 유병률은 계속 증가할 것이다. 노화 과정에서 만성 산화 스트레스와 염증 반응의 증가는 골격근 소실의 주요 원인으로 작용하며, 에너지 대사에 필수적인 미토콘드리아의 기능 장애와 관련된 자가포식 및 세포사멸 신호의 교란은 근육 단백질의 손실을 가속화한다. 오래전부터 각종 질병의 예방 및 치료에 널리 사용되어온 동충하초의 주요 생리활성물질인 cordycepin의 약리학적 효과는 항산화 및 항염증 작용과 직접적인 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 총설에서는 근감소증의 예방과 치료에의 적용을 위한 cordycepin의 세포사멸, 자가포식, 단백질의 이화작용 및 근육 재생에 중요한 위성세포의 활성에 대한 연관성을 제시하였다. 비록 현재까지 근감소증에 대한 cordycepin의 연구는 미진한 수준이지만, 그동안의 연구 결과에서 cordycepin은 노화로 인한 미토콘드리아 기능 약화를 억제하고 근육 단백질의 분해를 차단하는 데 기여할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 근세포 손상에 대한 cordycepin의 보호 효과는 항산화 및 항염증 활성과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 제안한다. 따라서 근세포의 노화방지에 관여하는 cordycepin의 분자생물학적 기전을 중심으로 보다 지속적인 기초 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.550-555
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) on glucose and lipids metabolism in high-fat diet rate. Rats were randomly assigned to normal, high-fat with n-3 PUFA and high-fat dietary groups. Experiments were carried out after 5 weeks feeding with prescriptive diets following 7 hrs fasting. Body weight gains tended to be higher in high-fat fed rats than normal. Blood glucose was increased (p<0.05) by high-fat diet compared with normal diet, and decreaseed (p<0.05) to normal level by n-3 PUFA. Plasma insulin level was significcantly higher (p<0.01) in high-fat diet rats than that of normal-diet rats, and also decreased (p<0.01) by n-3 PUFA. Glucose up take of soleus muscle in vitro was decreased markedly in high-fat fed rats than normal diet rats at 0, 1, 10, and 100nM insulin concentration. Therefore insulin sensitivity and responsiveness were decreased by high-fat diet. Omega-3 PUFA made a recover(p<0.01) insulin sensitivity to almost normal level, and improved (p<0.05) insulin responsiveness in some extent. In conclusion, the results suggest that metabolic disorder of glucose and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle are caused by high-fat diet and n-3 PUFA can ameliorate metabolic disorder and insulin resistance.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2006

The molecular components that generate and maintain circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior in mammals are present both in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN) and in peripheral tissues. Examination of mice with targeted disruptions of either mPer1 or mPer2 has shown that these two genes have key roles in the SCN circadian clock. Here we show that loss of the clock gene mPer2 affects forced locomotor performance in mice without altering muscle contractility. A proteomic analysis revealed that the anterior tibialis muscles of the mPer2 knockout mice had higher levels of glycolytic enzymes such as triose phosphate isomerase and enolase than those of either the wild type or mPer1 knockout mice. In addition, the level of expression of HSP90 in the mPer2 mutant mice was also significantly higher than in wildtype mice. These results suggest that the reduced locomotor endurance of the mPer2 knockout mice reflects a greater dependence on anaerobic metabolism under stress conditions, and that the two canonical clock genes, mPer1 and mPer2, play distinct roles in the physiology of skeletal muscle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2006

지방합성이 왕성하게 진행되는 비육후기의 근육내 지방합성에 있어서, 지방산 및 당의 이용경로 및 이에 따른 근육내 지방합성과정을 규명하기 위해서 지방산 및 당 운반 유전자인 FABP4, GLUT4와 근육내 지방대사 주요유전자인 ACL, ACC, LPL 및 SCD 유전자의 mRNA 발현양상을 분석하였다. 한우 비육전기 및 후기 각 3두를 공시하여 total RNA 추출 및 1st cDNA 합성하여 SYBR green을 이용하여 real-time PCR 분석을 각 유전자별로 3반복씩 수행하였다. FABP4 유전자는 비육전기에 비해 비육후기에 있어서, 3배 이상 유전자 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었고, GLUT4 유전자는 비육전기 및 비육후기에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 근육내 지방합성 주요유전자인 ACL, ACC, LPL 및 SCD 유전자의 발현량은 비육후기에서 ACL 유전자가 3.8배, ACC 유전자는 2.7배, LPL 유전자는 3.5배, 그리고 SCD 유전자는 7.5배 발현량이 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 한우의 비육후기에서 근육내 지방합성은 FABP4에 의한 지방산 유입의 증가와 더불어 ACL 유전자에 의해서 지방산 합성의 중간대사물인 acetyl-CoA가 합성되고, 이 중간 대사물을 이용하여 ACC 및 SCD 유전자에 의해서 긴 사슬 지방산 합성이 왕성하게 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2003

Lipids play many structural and metabolic roles, and dietary fat has great impact on metabolism and health. Fatty acid oxidation rate is dependent on tissue types. However there has been no report on the relationship between the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine transport system in outer mitochondrial membrane of many tissues. In this study, the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity in the carnitine transport system were measured to understand the metabolic characteristics of fatty acid in various tissues. Palmitic acid oxidation rate and CPT I activity in various tissues were measured. Tissues were obtained from the white and red skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney and brain of rats. The highest lipid oxidation rate was demonstrated in the cardiac muscle, and the lowest oxidation rate was in brain. Red gastrocnemius muscle followed to the cardiac muscle. Lipid oxidation rates of kidney, white gastrocnemius muscle and liver were similar, ranging from 101 to 126 DPM/mg/hr. CPT I activity in the cardiac muscle was the highest, red gastrocnemius muscle followed by liver. Brain tissue showed the lowest CPT I activity as well as lipid oxidation rate, although the values were not significantly different from those of kidney and white gastrocnemius muscle. Therefore, lipid oxidation rate was highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. Lipid oxidation rate is variable, depending on tissue types, and is highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. CPT I activity may be a good marker to indicate lipid oxidation capacity in various tissues.

• 대한골대사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

Background: Although studies and interest in sarcopenia have increased, it is still a matter of debate which muscle mass index better represents the aging process. We compared 3 indices for muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/weight, $ASM/height^2$, and the body mass index [BMI]-adjusted muscle mass index [ASM/BMI]) to determine which better reflected the aging process in terms of the decline in bone mineral density (BMD), visual acuity (VA), hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 14,415 men and 17,971 women aged 10 years or older participated in the study. We plotted the changes in the 3 indices of muscle mass and compared these with changes in BMD, VA, hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength according to each age group. Results: The ASM/BMI showed similar changes in terms of surrogate markers of the aging process, while the ASM/weight and $ASM/height^2$ showed no correlation. Conclusions: Among muscle indices for sarcopenia, only the ASM/BMI represented the aging process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.436-444
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• 2023

스포츠과학에서 좋은 기록을 달성하기 위해 과학적 훈련, 식단 및 운동수행증진 보조제가 널리 사용되어 왔다. 운동선수가 최고 수준의 경기력을 발휘하기 위해서는 영양학적 전략이 중요하며, 그 중 지구력 운동 수행력을 결정하는 주요 요인 중 하나는 지방대사의 증가라고 할 수 있다. 장기간 운동하는 동안 지방산 대사를 최대화하기 위한 방법으로 케톤 생성 식단(고지방, 저탄수화물)이 제안되었다. 현재까지의 연구들은 케톤 생성 식단의 에너지 생성 가치에 대해 상반된 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 이유로 탄수화물 섭취를 제한하지 않고 영양적 케톤증(아세토아세테이트와 베타-하이드록시뷰티레이트의 급성/일시적 혈중 농도증가)을 얻기 위해 케톤 보충제(케톤 에스테르 및 케톤염)를 사용하는 것이 제안되었다. 일부 연구에서는 심장 및 골격근과 같은 말초 조직에 추가적인 연료 기질 제공, 탄수화물 절약/지방 산화 증가, 간/근육에서 글리코겐 재합성을 증가시켜 운동 후 회복에 케톤 보충제가 지구력 운동 수행에 유익한 효과를 보여주었다. 그러나 많은 연구에서 케톤 보충제가 운동수행능력 보조제로서의 유익한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재까지의 운동 수행 및 회복 그리고 골격근 단백질 대사와 관련된 선행연구들의 케톤 보충제의 증명된 효과와 운동수행능력 증진 보조제로서의 가능성을 분석하고자 하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2016

Using high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, the mechanism of anti-adiposity and anti-obesity actions produced by Inonotus obliquus water extract (IOE) was investigated. Significant reduction in body weight in DIO mice orally administrated with IOE for 8 weeks compared to IOE-non-treated control mice was observed, which was attributed to the reduction of epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue, but not the liver and skeletal muscle. Adiponectin synthesis in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and AMPK phosphorylation in the liver were significantly increased in IOE-treated DIO mice. Gene expression analysis showed that IOE-treated DIO mice had higher expression levels of lipogenic genes in EAT and fatty-acid oxidative genes in the liver, but lower expression levels of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to IOE-non-treated controls. Our findings confirm a therapeutic potential of Inonotus obliquus for reducing adiposity and ameliorating hyperlipidemia to treat metabolic disorders.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of Rh2-enriched Korean ginseng (Ginseng Rh2+) using a forced exercise-induced chronic fatigue mouse model. Methods: ICR male mice were subjected to running wheel for 1 h, 5 days/week during 4 weeks, and running velocity was gradually increased. Each running session was followed by oral administration of distilled water, Ginseng Rh2+ (150 or 300 mg/kg), or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 100 mg/kg) 1 h later. The exercise tolerance and forced swimming test were performed to evaluate the fatigue condition. Results: Chronic forced exercise reduced the physical activity, as evidenced by the behavioral tests, which were notably ameliorated by Ginseng Rh2+ treatment. Ginseng Rh2+ treatment also attenuated the alterations of energy metabolism and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle tissues and/or sera, including malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate concentration and its related factors (lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose levels). Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that Ginseng Rh2+ exerts a potent anti-fatigue effect through modulation of energy metabolism and oxidative response.