• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2003

A necrotizing skeletal myopathy was diagnosed in three flocks of 30,000 thirty-eight-week-old layer breeder chickens. The mortality attributed to the myopathy was 17.7%, 12.3% and 21.1% in flock A, B and C, respectively. Clinically, chickens were showed depression, anorexia, posterior paresis, inability to rise, incoordination, reluctance to move, and leg trembling and weakness. The most striking findings at necropsy was pale streaking in the muscles of the thighs and legs. Microscopic lesions included myofiber degeneration and necrosis with massive cellular proliferation interpreted as sarcolemmal nuclei proliferation. Plasma creatine kinase, asparte aminotransferase and akaline phosphatase were markedly elevated. In conclusion, author suggested that submitted chickens were affected by ionophores poisoning.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
• /
• 2009.03a
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate force of muscles that constituted the rotator cuff during elevation motion in scapula plane, using a skeletal muscle model and quantitatively evaluate rotator cuff function in vivo. A healthy volunteer was measured with an open MR and CT system at elevation positions in scapula plane (MR: $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, CT: $0^{\circ}$). After reconstruction three-dimensional MRI-based and CT-based bone surface models, matched each models with registration technique. Then supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, deltoid (anterior, middle, posterior portions) represented as plural lines. These lines were proportional to physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA) and defined straight line to bind origin and insertion. Force of supraspinatus became greatest at $59^{\circ}$ of elevation. Subsequently force of deltoid middle portion became greatest at $89^{\circ}$ of elevation. Infraspinatus and subscapularis were active at the meantime. In addition, supraspinatus was active during elevation. These results resembled clinical finding and were proved force couples that contribute to mobility and stability of shoulder complex.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.283-287
• /
• 2006

Although estrogen is known to playa role in fatty acid metabolism, it remains unclear whether fatty acid oxidation in mature female rats differs from fatty acid oxidation in peri-pubertal young rats. In this study, we measured fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscles and livers of 5 and 50 weeks old male and female rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old female rats were elevated as compared to the 5-week-old females, whereas there were no differences in the male rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the gastrocnemius red was correlated inversely with intra-abdominal fat mass in the 5-week-old male and female rats, whereas the palmitate oxidation rate was positively correlated with fat mass in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old rats. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat mass in the pooled 50-week-old male and female rats, but this correlation was not apparent in 5-week-old rats. In summary, the rate of fatty acid oxidation measured in the middle-aged adult female rats was significantly higher than those measured in the peri-pubertal young female rats. This difference may be attributed to the influence of ovarian hormones.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1983

The present studs was undertaken to observe the histopathological changes on the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and liver of rabbits fed a commercial ration, either alone or with supplements of Zinc (3,000mg/kg. of diet, as sulfate), Copper (1,500mg/kg. of diet, as sulfate), Linoleic acid (3% of diet), Zinc with Linoleic acid and Copper with Linoleic acid. In the skeletal muscle, light microscopic changes observed were cloudy swelling, hyaline degeneration, atrophy, fragmentation and coagulative necrosis of muscle fibers, and proliferation of fibroblasts and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Especially, in rabbits fed with supplements of Zinc with Linoleic acid and Copper with Linoleic acid, calcification with muscle fibers progressing to necrosis were often observed. In the myocardium, loss of muscle fibers with necrosis and vacuolization, hyaline degeneration, hemorrhage and congestion were observed. In the liver, congestion and necrosis of hepatocytes, and centrilobular necrosis were observed. Differences of histological changes among the experimental groups was not marked.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.1775-1784
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-188-5p in the proliferation and differentiation of goat muscle satellite cells. Methods: Goat skeletal muscle satellite cells isolated in the pre-laboratory were used as the test material. First, the expression of miR-188-5p in goat muscle tissues at different developmental stages was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, miR-188-5p was transfected into goat skeletal muscle satellite cells by constructing mimics and inhibitors of miR-188-5p, respectively. The changes of differentiation marker gene expression were detected by qPCR method. Results: It was highly expressed in adult goat latissimus dorsi and leg muscles, goat fetal skeletal muscle, and at the differentiation stage of muscle satellite cells. Overexpression and interference of miR-188-5p showed that miR-188-5p inhibited the proliferation and promoted the differentiation of goat muscle satellite cells. Target gene prediction and dual luciferase assays showed that miR-188-5p could target the 3'untranslated region of the calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta (CAMK2B) gene and inhibit luciferase activity. Further functional studies revealed that CAMK2B promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of goat muscle satellite cells, whereas si-CAMK2B restored the function of miR-188-5p inhibitor. Conclusion: These results suggest that miR-188-5p inhibits the proliferation and promotes the differentiation of goat muscle satellite cells by targeting CAMK2B. This study will provide a theoretical reference for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development in goats.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of either endurance training only or endurance and weight training on muscle morphology and oxidative enzyme activities in human skeletal muscles. Fourteen healthy males were randomly divided into one of two experimental training groups, either swim exercise training (n=7, ST) or combined exercise training (swim and resistance exercise training; n=7, SWT). The change of muscle fiber type was not significantly different between ST and SWT following 6 weeks of exercise training. Mean cross sectional areas as well as the numbers of capillary of different types of muscle fiber were not also significantly different from baseline for both exercise training groups (p>.05) although the tendency of increase were more notable in SWT. All oxidative enzyme activities (i.e., ${\beta}$-hydroxyl acyl dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase) were marginally higher in SWT compared to ST even though statistical power did not reach the level of significance. Based on these results, it was concluded that performing of combined (swimming and weight) exercise training could be the better modality for improving muscle morphological changes and oxidative enzyme activities than performing of only single aerobic exercise intervention in young healthy human skeletal muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; Group I (distilled water injection), Group II (steroid injection), Group III (distilled water injection with aquatic exercise), Group IV (steroid injection with aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, muscle relative weight, myofibrillar protein content. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Body weight was decreased rapidly on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups after 2 weeks (p<0.01), but that was almost recovered as before test on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise. 2. The relative weight of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was very significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.01). 3. Myofibrillar protein content of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2017

Objectives Oxidative stress, in which antioxidant proteins and scavenger protection are overwhelmed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is recognized as one of central causes of disuse muscle atrophy. In this study, the hypothesis that oral treatment with Dangguibohyul-tang (Dangguibuxuetang) could attenuate immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy was tested. Methods The hindlimb immobilization was performed with casting tape to keep the left ankle joint in a fully extended position. The Rats in Dangguibohyul-tang treated group (DGBHT) (n=10) were orally administrated Dangguibohyul-tang water extract, and rats of Control group (n=10) were given with saline only. After 2 weeks of immobilization, the morphology of right and left gastrocnemius muscles in both DGBHT and Control groups were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Dangguibohyul-tang water extract represented the significant protective effects against the reductions of the left gastrocnemius muscles weight and average cross section area to compared with Control group. Moreover, the treatment with Dangguibohyul-tang extract significantly enhanced the Cu/Zn-SOD activities in gastrocnemius muscle compared with Control group. Conclusions Thses results suggest that Dangguibohyul-tang has protective effects against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy by increasing the Cu/Zn-SOD activities in gastrocnemius muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2017

Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of a vascular origin, and is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) usually involves the skeletal muscles of the trunk or limbs, but rarely occurs in the head and neck region. This case report presents a patient with IMH showing multiple phleboliths in the buccal cheek. A 13-year-old boy was referred for the evaluation and management of painful swelling of the left cheek that had gradually increased in size over a 6 year duration. The examination revealed a palpable firm mass. Reddish-blue buccal mucosa color was observed with an aciniform shape. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a vascular tumor in the left side adjacent to the buccinator and depressor orbicularis oris muscles. Surgical resection under general anesthesia was performed via the intraoral approach. The mass and phleboliths were extracted successfully. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IMH. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of IMH in cases of a palpable mass with multiple nodules deep within the muscle in the buccal cheek. Among the several diagnostic tools, MRI provides essential information on the extent and surrounding anatomy of IMH.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle determining the overall rate of the citric acid cycle of the organism. It is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. AKG as a precursor of glutamate and glutamine is a central metabolic fuel for cells of the gastrointestinal tract as well. AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in the skeletal muscles and can be used in clinical applications. In addition to these health benefits, a recent study has shown that AKG can extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR. AKG not only extends lifespan, but also delays age-related disease. In this review, we will summarize the advances in AKG research field, in the content of its physiological functions and applications.