• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of upper trapezius muscle stretching in more tensed position (MTP) and less tensed position (LTP) on the change of range of motion (ROM) for neck rotation, and the ROM for conjunct neck motions at end-range of neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. Eighteen patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for the study's MTP group, and 18 age-, weight- and gender-matched patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for LTP group. The ROM changes in active neck primary and conjunct motions were measured using a cervical ROM inclinometer in the sitting position. Our results showed that both upper trapezius stretching method in MTP and LTP were significantly effective in increasing the ROM of neck rotation toward painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. However, a significantly greater increase in the ROM for neck rotation and a further decrease in conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side were shown in MTP group, compared to LTP group. The upper trapezius stretching in MTP is useful in increasing the ROM of neck rotation and decreasing the range of conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Background: Several studies have discussed diverse exercise methods considered to be useful for the selective contraction of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Some studies have reported that exercise methods, including hip adduction, in closed kinetic chain exercises are more effective in terms of the muscle activation of the VMO and the timing of the muscle's initial contraction. We focused on isometric contraction during a closed kinetic chain exercise with hip adduction. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activation in the VMO and the vastus lateralis (VL) and the onset time difference between their initial contractions via closed kinetic chain isometric quadriceps femoris exercises including hip adduction. Methods: In total, 36 healthy subjects adopted two hip positions during isometric contraction of the quadriceps femoris in a closed kinetic chain exercise (hip neutral and hip adduction position). Statistical analyses were conducted using a paired t-test (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: Isometric contraction of the quadriceps femoris in a closed kinetic chain exercise caused a greater increase in VMO muscle activity in the hip adduction position [$52.68{\pm}22.21$ percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC)]than the hip neutral position ($43.43{\pm}19.85%MVIC$). The onset time difference (VL-VMO) decreased more in the hip adduction position ($-82.14{\pm}34.2ms$) than the hip neutral position ($73.94{\pm}2.94ms$). Conclusion: We recommend this exercise as a clinically useful therapeutic method for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome due to weakening of the VMO muscle and lateral inclination of the patella.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

체감형 게임에서는 사용자의 몸 자체가 인터페이스로써 컨트롤러의 기능을 가지며 사용자는 자신의 행동의 결과를 체화된(embodied) 경험으로써 피드백 받는다. 이는 관객이 적극적으로 참여하는 상호작용 미디어 아트 설치미술의 경우와 같다. 컴퓨터 게임의 대부분을 차지하는 비디오 게임과는 차별적으로 실물의 움직임으로 피드백 되는 게임이 고려될 수 있으며 그 기초는 로보틱 아트에서 찾을 수 있다. 본 논문은 게임과 상호작용 미디어 아트의 접점을 체감형 게임으로 전제하여 하나의 상호작용 로봇 설치물 사례를 제시하고 실험하며 분석한다. 본 설치물은 관객의 위치나 움직임에 의하여 운동하고, 로봇의 운동에 따라 현의 유효길이가 조절됨으로써 소리에 변화를 주는 하나의 학기이다. 로봇은 다중 셀 거리 센서를 이용하여 관객을 추적하고 관객은 일정한 거리를 두고 악기와 상호작용하므로 악기와 관객 간에는 관계적 긴장이 자리할 공연적 내러티브 공간이 형성된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 상호작용 로봇 설치미술이 상호작용에 기초한 엔터테인먼트적 요소를 지닌 체감형 게임의 원형으로 제시될 수 있음을 몇 가지 사례를 들어 토론한다.

• 복식
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for the development of pants patterns with a high level of fit and comfort through calculating surface variations of lower body parts by movement, grouping them into factors, and analyzing how their surface variations link to one another. The achieved results will help determine essential elements for constructing pants patterns, such as key measurements of lower body parts, the amount of ease values and selection of fabrics, which should be taken into consideration for allowing better movement in clothing. The study required lower body 3D scanning of women for analysis, and 13 women between the ages of 20-24 participated in the scanning, which was done by using Artec Eva 3D scanner. Their scanned data were digitalized and converted to measure the values of their lower body surface length and girth in pre-determined positions such as walking, stair climbing and sitting on a chair. These measurements have been statistically analyzed through SPSS 21.0 to obtain the average amounts and rates of extension for each of the measurement item. Some of the highlighted study results are as follows: The surface length and girth measurements were grouped into 4 factors based on their average extension rates. The results from correlation analysis between measurement items within each factor demonstrated that common items linked to all the changes in the values of other items in the three movements. But in most cases, items were not always correlated with each other for different movements. The results also showed that there were correlations between girth measurements, length measurements, and girth and length measurements. Therefore, key measurements for daily pants should be determined within reasonable estimations between relevant measurement items, while the measurements for work pants, which often withstand certain postures or repetitive movements, may require measurement items that are appro priate for, and closely related to, certain movements or tasks.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to confirm changes in the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris with changes in the ankle and hip joint angles during the transition from sitting to standing. Method : Twenty-five healthy 20-30-year-old women participated in the study. The subjects performed standing-up movements in four positions: standard posture (hip = $90^{\circ}$/ankle = $0^{\circ}$); posture on a decline board (hip > $90^{\circ}$/ankle < $0^{\circ}$), posture on a footboard (hip > $90^{\circ}$/ankle = $0^{\circ}$); and posture on a decline board with a higher chair (hip = $90^{\circ}$/ankle < $0^{\circ}$). Then, the muscle activities of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis were measured using surface electromyography. Result : The muscle activities of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the footboard application were statistically significantly higher than in the application of the decline board with a higher chair. Conclusion : This study confirms that the flexion of the hip joint has a greater effect than the plantar flexion of the ankle joint on the muscle activity of the quadriceps during a sit-to-stand movement.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권9_10호
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• pp.1344-1353
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual wearing conditions of working uniform and identify problems for the aircraft mechanic. For this study, questionnaire surveys were conducted dividing according to styles of clothing; one-piece and two-piece styles. Subjects were 343 men working in flight line. Questionnaire of 159 two-piece styles and 184 one-piece ones were used in analysis. The results of the study are as follows; The result about wearing each type of working uniform showed that the two-piece one is always as the air force uniform, whereas the one-piece one is worn only a few times. They felt inconvenience during all operations except in the sitting position, crawling position, and positions in which they were using tools. Accordingly, the result of the functionality reported dissatisfaction on all question items. Therefore, uniform of two-piece style achieved better results on all questions related to motional flexibility and functionality. Questions on changes to finishing methods showed that each airline employed different methods for both two-pieced and one-pieced uniforms. The answers about the unstitched or worn-out parts of the two-piece garments showed that pants were unstitched on the inner seam of the trouser leg and hip regions, but the upper one was not. In case of the one-pieced uniform, the parts of wearing out is the seam of hip and the unstitched parts are knee region and hem line of pants. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly in its ventilation and absorbency. Questions concerning the preferred design of working uniform indicated a preference for two-piece uniform rather than one-piece ones.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2016

To develop baseball catcher leg guards, 3-dimensional (3D) methodologies, which are 3D human body data, reverse engineering, modeling, and printing, optimized guard design for representative positions. Optimization was based on analysis of 3D body surface data and subjective evaluation using 3D printing products. Reverse engineering was used for analysis and modeling based on data in three postures: standing, $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion, and $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion. During knee flexion, vertical skin length increased, with the thigh and knee larger in anterior area compared to the horizontal dimension. Moreover, $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion posture had a high radius of curvature in knee movement. Therefore, guard designs were based on increasing rates of skin deformation and numerical values of radius of curvature. Guards were designed with 3-part zoning at the thigh, knee, and shin. Guards 1 and 2 had thigh and knee boundaries allowing vertical skin length deformation because the shape of thigh and knee significantly affects to its performance. Guard 2 was designed with a narrower thigh and wider knee area than guard 1. The guards were manufactured as full-scale products on a 3D printer. Both guards fit better in sitting than standing position, and guard 2 received better evaluations than guard 1. Additional modifications were made and an optimized version (guard 3) was tested. Guard 3 showed the best fit. A design approach based on 3D data effectively determines best fitting leg guards, and 3D printing technology can customize guard design through immediate feedback from a customer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare modified sling exercise and general isometric exercise in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Twenty subjects were studied. The control group, n1 = 10, received instructions for doing general isometric (ISO) exercise. An experimental group, n2 = 10, received instructions for doing push-ups from standing and sitting positions and modified scapular exercises using a sling (3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks). To evaluate the effects of exercise, subjects were evaluated using a visual analog scale for pain, a goniometer for range of motion, and electromyography for onset time of muscle contraction. Statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon Signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Pain in the sling group was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.05) pain in the general ISO exercise group was not significantly decreased (p>0.05). Flexion and external rotation were significantly increased after 6 weeks of treatment in both groups (p<0.05) and the change in the Sling group was greater than in the ISO group (p<0.05) in the flexion test. Time of onset of contractions in the Sling group for the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus muscle were significantly decreased after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.05), but the onset time for the middle trapezius did not significantly decrease (p>0.05). Conclusion: Scapular stabilizing exercise using a sling increases range of motion and decreases pain, and onset time of muscle contraction in patients with impingement syndrome.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.239-251
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• 1995

The prevalence of postural hypotension among over 65 year old men is 10-30%. The postural hypotension commonly causes the discomfort such as dizziness, irritability or fainting spell, and for the result it diminishes the quality of the life of aged. Therefore the assessment and intervention of postural hypotension during changing position is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing position from supine to standing upright, from supine through left lateral to standing upright, from supine through sitting to standing upright of aged. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The average systolic blood pressure of normotension group is $132.68{\pm}16.04mmHg$ at supine position. The average diastolic blood pressure of normotension group is $80.72{\pm}9.82mmHg$ at supine position. The average systolic blood pressure of hypertension group is $153.92{\pm}20.12mmHg$ at supine position. The average diastolic blood pressure of hypertension group is $93.74{\pm}15.53mmHg$ at supine position. 2. There is no significant difference of blood pressure after three different procedures as mentioned above from supine to standing upright. 3. The prevalence of postural hypotension at standing upright is 13.5% which is 18.8% of the hypertension group and 9.4% of the normotension group. There is statistical difference of the prevalence of postural hypotension between hypertension group and normotension group.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

Background: The MLA is supported by both the abductor hallucis (ABH) and the extrinsic muscles. Insufficient muscular support may lower the MLA when the body's weight is applied to the foot. The short foot exercise (SFE) is effective in increasing the height of the MLA for people with flat feet. Most of the research related to the SFE has simply evaluated the efficiency of the exercise using enhanced ABH electromyography (EMG) activation. Since the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PER), and ABH are all involved in supporting the MLA, a new experiment design examining the EMG of the selected muscles during SFE should be applied to clarify its effect. Objects: Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effect of the SFE in different ankle position on the MLA angle and the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and to determine the optimal position. Methods: 20 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with flat feet were recruited from Yonsei University. The surface EMG and camera were used to collect muscle activation amplitude of TA, PER, and ABH and to capture the image of MLA angle during SFE. The subjects performed the SFE while sitting in three different ankle positions-neutral (N), dorsiflexion (DF) at 30 degrees, and plantar flexion (PF) at 30 degrees. Results: ABH EMG amplitudes were significantly greater in N and DF than in PF (p<.05). Muscle activation ratio of TA to ABH was the lowest in PF (p<.05). MLA angle in both groups significantly decreased in PF (p<.01). The TA and ABH was activated at the highest level in DF. However, in PF, subjects significantly activated the ABH and PER with relatively low activation of TA. Conclusion: Therefore, researchers need to discuss which SFE condition most effectively use the arch support muscle for flat foot.