• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.675-685
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• 2015

Weathering is the breaking/cutting down process of rocks due to physical and chemical processes in natural as well as artificial environment including $CO_2$ injection for storage in the sediment, or natural resource recovery process. This study suggests an alternative method to estimate the degree of weathering for granites. A series of laboratory and field experiments are performed to measure electrical resistivities on various rock samples experienced different degrees of weathering and their residual soils under different saturation conditions. It is found that the normalized electrical resistivity increases with a decrease in water absorption and the saturation. Simple boundaries are suggested to identify the weathering degree of granites, based on limited data. Field test results for three sites confirm that the suggested method could be estimated well the degree of weathering of granites compared with the other methods suggested previously. Although further research is required, this study suggests that an electrical resistivity could be an effective approach to estimate the degree of weathering of granites compared with the other methods suggested previously.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

The nomenclature of genetic variants of casein which is major protein in milk have had a lot of confusion, but now have established. Genetic variants of ${\alpha}_{s1}-CN,\;{\alpha}_{s2}-CN,\;{\beta}-CN,\;{\kappa}-CN$ have reported 8 variants(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H), 4 variants(A, B, C, D), 13 variants ($A_1,\;A_2,\;A_3,\;A_4$, B, C, D, E, F, G, $H_1,\;H_2$, I), 11 variants(A, B, C, E, $F_1,\;F_2,\;G_1,\;G_2$, H, I, J), respectively. Their data detailed have introduced in several web sites including www.uniprot.org. The studies on genetic variants of casein from Korean native cattle have been reported only ${\beta}-casein\;A_4$ but still not established the protein sequence. The classification and distinct nomenclature of genetic variants of bovine casein were required because the development of milk science and technology have been focused in the region that have to studied biochemically such as functional foods, EMC and GMO et al.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

The present study analyses the effect of land use on the vegetation of some desert ecosystems in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Three sites were selected to represent different types of land use, inside Umm Al-Banadeq forest, outside the forest and along Abu Dhabi-Al Ain Trucks Road. In total, fifty-two stands were examined; including a matrix of 14 species ${\times}$ 52 stands. Based on species cover data, stands were classified using TWINSPAN and ordinated using DCA. Four vegetation groups were generated at level three of classification. Zygophyllum mandavillei was dominant in most vegetation groups; Heliotropium bacciferum dominated vegetation groups inhabited the forest. Species richness, species turnover, relative evenness and relative concentration of dominance of forest vegetation groups were 2.8, 5.7, 0.7, and 2.0, respectively. The differences were attributed to both natural variability and forestry-induced changes, including change in land use, drainage and ploughing and shading by trees. Vegetation group inhabited Abu Dhabi-Al Ain Trucks Road, that were dominated by Haloxylon salicornicum and Zygophyllum mandavillei have high total cover (8.8 m per $m^{-1}$). Most community and vegetation attributes were significantly higher inside the forest than outside. Human interventions and environmental factors affected species diversity and abundance of these communities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2010

This study was investigated the characteristics of indoor air concentration of fiber particles in 30 public facilities and 245 schools by PCM (phase contrast microscopy). Also SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) was used to obtain physicochemical information of asbestos fiber and to classify asbestos and non-asbestos of fiber particles. The airborne concentrations of fiber particles were $0.0009\pm0.0009$ counts/mL in public facilities and $0.0012\pm0.0006$ counts/mL in schools by PCM. All the samples were satisfied with the IAQ (indoor air quality) level of 0.01 counts/mL. In classification of 4 type shapes, over 80% of the fiber particles were identified as single fiber type. And this study analysed airborne fiber particles in 4 sites for identifying asbestos of by SEM/EDX. The asbestos fibers in most samples could not be found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

Optical Color Corescanner firstly developed by DMT-GeoTec, Germany and further upgraded through the Korea-Germany joint project is capable of duplicating the core surfaces. The tool uses a digital CCD line camera. As the core is rotated by an electric motor, the camera scans the uppermost line, everytime with a circumferential increment of up to 0.05mm(20pixels/mm) and hence a complete 360$^{\circ}$ unwrapped image(core image) is produced. This paper illustrated diverse research benefits of such core images from several test sites in our country. All scanned images could be stored as a data-base one and easily used with software facilities \circled1 to evaluate a percental distribution of mineral components or grain size etc. not only for the rock classification but also for e.g. the assessment of building stones, \circled2 to study potential reservoirs as a hydrocarbon indicator using ultraviolet fluorescence reflection from cores, \circled3 to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fractures, \circled4 to evaluate the fractures and thin bedded reservoirs using spectral color responses. Based on abundant scanning experiments, it would seem that this imaging work should lead to reflecting the future trend in underground survey toward a more comprehensive understanding of the properties and behaviors of in situ rocks.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

This study aims to make evaluation method as a means to evaluate the crime prevention through environmental design of multi-family housing. According to the analysis of correctness and usefulness of evaluation method in multi-family housing, the preliminary evaluation method is selected. The correctness and usefulness of evaluation method is examined by 2 works. One is analyzing the results of experts' advice about evaluation method. The other is analyzing the results of the case studies of 3 housing sites. Those improve evaluation method to measure the crime prevention through environmental design objectively. As a result, the system of classification is divided into evaluation area and evaluation item. Evaluation area is sorted into four types, i.e. public space, semi-public space, semi-private space, and equipment. Evaluation scores according to evaluation area are different. Evaluation scores of public space are 73. Those of semipublic space are 196. Those of semi-private space are 75, Those of equipment are 28. Evaluation item is divided into 20 items. 20 items are; the entrance of complex, apartment building, recreational space and parking space etc. Checklists according to evaluation items are proposed and detail evaluation criteria according to checklist are proposed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.270-288
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• 2008

Among various environmental issues, those for worn-out products are increasingly important due to rapid development and improvement of products, shortages of dumping sites and waste-incineration facilities, and legislation pressures and customer recognitions to protect the environment. Under such circumstances, collection and product recovery activities give rise to additional material flows from customers back to collectors and reprocessors. Reverse logistics, the opposite direction of the conventional forward logistics, is concerned with the management of this material flow. In this paper, we consider the emerging concept of reverse logistics. First, the concept of sustainable development is explained to explain the philosophical background of various environmental issues. Second, we explain the basics of reverse logistics, which includes the overall structure and the classification of network types. Finally, we review the previous research articles, especially in the aspect of industrial engineering, after classifying the decision problems into : (a) product recovery strategy; (b) network design and operation; (c) inventory management; (d) disassembly problems; and (e) remanufacturing problems.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 1992

Facial asymmetry can be most distressing for the young child and parents. It can cause functional problems as a result of malocclusion. Classification of facial asymmetry has not been yet well-organized because of its varieties on etiologic factors, involved sites and clinical expressions. Even though, we don't know its causes definitely. It is generally believed that problems with aberrant pattern of condylar growth are related to facial asymmetry. This is a case report on surgical correction of the patients who had severe facial asymmetry. One patient was diagnosed as condylar hyperplasia and the other was diagnosed as a condylar hypoplasia related to trauma. We performed a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, condylar shaving, inferior border ostectomy of affected mandible in the former case, and a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, reverse-L osteotomy and alloplastic implantation with $Biocoral^{TM}$ in the latter case. The postoperative results of the two cases were excellent functionally and esthetically.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

The occurrence of disaster lately is coming with the more complex form and increasing the necessity of National Infrastructures Protection Plan(NIPP). International and domestic laws and systems related to critical infrastructures were investigated. The program in which the classification of national critical infrastructures was expanded eight fields to thirteen fields including emergency services, large gathering sites, defense industrial base, and national monuments was presented in this study. The plan for integrating national critical infrastructures, national important infrastructures and national security infrastructures and a NIPP framework were proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2017

Recently, the development of underground space is being actively carried out in the urban area by saturation, and the excavation works are mainly carried out by various excavation methods by the structures adjacent to the ground and underground excavation. During such excavation work, ground subsidence accidents are occurring due to inattention construction, lack of construction technology, and leakage of ground water. For the prevention of ground subsidence we studied the method of risk influence factors by soil investigation. Analysis of 75 sites soil investigation by U.S.C.S (Unified Soil Classification System), construction method, depth of excavation and we studied the risk influence factors with ground subsidence.