• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1983

Intestine is innervated by an interconnected plexus of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Sympathetic influence causes inhibition of intestinal motility mediated by both ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\beta}-adrenergic$ receptors. The mechanism of intestinal relaxation by ${\beta}-receptors$ has been extensively studied, but the function of ${\alpha}-receptors$ in intestinal motility is still unclear. Although it is suggested that catecholamine reduces acetylcholine release and this may play an important role in ${\alpha}-receptor$ mediated intestinal relaxation, there is no definite evidences about the mechanism and site of action of ${\alpha}-receptor$ mediated relaxation. In this experiment, therefore, the effect and site of action of ${\alpha}-receptor$ agonists were investigated in the guinea pig ileum using electrical field stimulation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Electrical field stimulation elicited tonic contraction in isolated guinea pig ileum ana this contraction was completely inhibited by the pretreatment of tetrodotoxin or atropine. 2) Norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine inhibited the contraction induced by electrical field stimulation but methoxamine and phenylephrine had little effects. 3) Inhibitory effects of norepinephrine and dopamine was partially blocked by yohimbine and phentolamine pretreatment. But haloperidol and propranolol pretreatment cause no effects on the electrical field stimulation induced contraction. Inhibitory effect of dopamine was completely blocked by both haloperidol and yohimbine pretreatment. 4) Inhibitory effects of norepinephrine and dopamine were little affected by the pretreatment with hexamethonium. It is suggested that electrical field stimulation causes tonic contraction of guinea pig ileum by releasing acetylcholine from postganglionic fiber, and this release is blocked by presynaptic ${\alpha}-receptor$ activation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2013

원전 운영자는 규제 지침에 따른 계획적 방출 감시 및 관리를 통해 환경 및 주민의 방사선 위해도를 합리적으로 가능한 한 낮게 유지하여 왔다. 그러나 최근 미국을 중심으로 한 일부 해외 원전에서 발생한 지하수 오염의 원인이 비계획적 방출로 드러남에 따라 이에 대한 관심이 커지면서, 비계획적 방출은 현재 미국 원전산업계의 최대 이슈로 대두되었다. 본 논문은 미국 원전의 비계획적 방출에 의한 지하수 오염 감시 사례 및 이에 대한 미국 원전 산업계 및 규제기관의 대응 상황의 소개를 통하여 향후 국내 원전 부지 지하수 감시의 효과적인 운영에 도움을 주는 것을 목표로 하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1995

Although there are many kinds of method in treatment of tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and primary anastomosis can be performed for management of various kinds of tracheal stenosis because it is considered the most anatomical ideal therapeutic modality. During a 10-year period we performed 18 tracheal resection on 18 patients with no operative mortality and some morbidity. 13 patients had tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation [eight patients or tracheostomy [five patients ; and five patients caused by a variety of neoplastic lesions [four primary and one secondary . The length of tracheal stenosis were various from 1.5cm to 5.5cm and site of tracheal stenosis were cervical[17patients and thoracic [one patient . Operative techniques were tracheal resection and primary anastomosis[18 patients and additional procedures were cricoid cartilage reconstruction with costal cartilage [one patient , primary repair of esophagus[one patient and suprahyoid laryngeal release technique[eight patients without any complications. We have eight complications; tracheal restenosis were developed in five patients[growth of grannulation tissue at anastomotic site in three patients, delayed restenosis in two patients , anastomotic disruption in one patient, hoarseness and pneumonia in each of two patients. We managed tracheal complications with T-tube insertion in two patients, permanent tracheostomy in three patients and insertion of Gianturco tracheal stent in one patient, but tracheal stent did not reveal good result because it caused persistent production of sputum. We concluded that it is necessary to access full length of normal trachea including suprahyoid laryngeal release technique to avoid anastomotic tension in tracheal surgery and develope new ideal techniques to manage postoperative tracheal complications, because we suppose tracheal complications are developed due to anastomotic tension.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

암모니아 수용액은 탈질, 의류의 얼룩제거 등 생활전반에 광범위하게 사용되면서 누출사고도 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 여기에서는 누출사고 시 비상대응에 필요한 영향범위를 비교적 정확하면서 신속하게 계산할 수 있는 간이 산정표와 산정식을 개발하였다. ALOHA 프로그램을 이용하여 일반적으로 유통되는 암모니아 수용액의 농도(10 % ~ 30 %)에 따른 영향거리를 액면의 크기($1m^2{\sim}500m^2$)별로 산정하여 제시하였다. 또한, 농도와 액면의 크기가 영향거리에 미치는 상관관계를 분석하여 해당 값에서 영향거리를 쉽게 계산할 수 있는 산정식을 개발하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2011

Purpose: Split-or full-thickness skin grafts are used to reconstruct palmar skin and soft tissue defects after trauma or to release burn scar contracture on the hand. Glabrous skin defects should be substituted with similar skin to preserve function and aesthetics. The authors report their experiences with a technique that uses a full-thickness graft taken from glabrous skin on the ulnar edge of the palm for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand. Methods: During a three-year period from 2007 to 2010, 22 patients with burn scar contracture and 12 patients with post-traumatic skin defects on their hands were treated with full-thickness skin graft operations. The palmar skin and soft tissue defects after release of burn scar contracture or debridement of post-traumatic wounds were reconstructed with full-thickness skin grafts harvested from the ulnar border of their palms. All donor-site wounds were primarily closed. Results: The followup periods ranged from 3 to 25 months. Contractures of the hand were corrected without recurrence, and the grafts showed relatively good contour and color match to the adjacent fields. There were no reported complications such as significant color change or hypertrophic scarring. The grafted skin showed an average 5.9 mm static two-point discrimination obtained in fingertip reconstruction cases, indicating satisfactory reinnervation. Conclusion: Glabrous full-thickness grafts harvested from the palmar ulnar border is a very useful way of reconstructing soft tissue defects on hands, including fingertips, for function restoration, favorable aesthetic results, and low donor-site morbidity.

• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2018

Background: The main purpose of drug delivery systems is to deliver the drugs at the appropriate concentration to the precise target site. Recently, the application of a thin film in the field of drug delivery has gained increasing interest because of its ability to safely load drugs and to release the drug in a controlled manner, which improves drug efficacy. Drug loading by the thin film can be done in various ways, depending on type of the drug, the area of exposure, and the purpose of drug delivery. Main text: This review summarizes the various methods used for preparing thin films with drugs via Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Furthermore, additional functionalities of thin films using surface modification in drug delivery are briefly discussed. There are three types of methods for preparing a drug-carrying multilayered film using LbL assembly. First methods include approaches for direct loading of the drug into the pre-fabricated multilayer film. Second methods are preparing thin films using drugs as building blocks. Thirdly, the drugs are incorporated in the cargo so that the cargo itself can be used as the materials of the film. Conclusion: The appropriate designs of the drug-loaded film were produced in consideration of the release amounts and site of the desired drug. Furthermore, additional surface modification using the LbL technique enabled the preparation of effective drug delivery carriers with improved targeting effect. Therefore, the multilayer thin films fabricated by the LbL technique are a promising candidate for an ideal drug delivery system and the development possibilities of this technology are infinite.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.369-390
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• 2023

Technologies for disaster management are highly sought areas for research and commercial deployment. Landslides, Flood, cyclones, earthquakes, forest fires and road/train accidents are some causes of disasters. Capturing video and accessing data in real time from the disaster site can help first responders make split second decisions which may save human lives and valuable resource destructions. In this context the communication technologies performing the task should have high bandwidth and low latency which only 5G can deliver. But unfortunately in India, deployment of the 5G mobile communication systems is yet to give a shape and again in remote areas unavailability of 4G signals is still severe. In this situation the authors have proposed, simulated and experimented a 4G-5G communication scheme where from the disaster site the signals will be transmitted by a 5G terminal to a nearby 4G-5G gateway installed in a mobile vehicle. The received 5G signal will be further relayed by the 4G-5G gateway to the fixed 4G base station for onward transmission towards the disaster management station for decision making, deployment and relief monitoring. The 4G-5G gateway acts as a relay and converter of 5G signal to 4G signal and vice versa. This relayed system can be further mounted on a vehicle mounted relay (VMR) as proposed by 3GPP in Release 18. The scheme is also in the same line of context with Verizon's, "Tactical Humanitarian Operations Response" (THOR) vehicle concept. The performance of the link is studied in different channel conditions, the throughput achieved is superb. The authors have implemented the above mentioned system towards smart campus networking and monitoring landslides activities which are common in their regions.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2016

노후 원전 해체의 경우 부지 특성 및 최종 상태 조사 보고서에 해당 부지내 잔존가능성이 있는 방사성 핵종 정보에 대한 내용을 포함하여야 한다. 미국 NRC의 경우 이에 해당하는 해체기술관련문서(DTBD)를 부지 특성 조사시에 부지이력조사(HSA)와 같이 사업자 측이 제출하도록 규제하고 있다. 또한 해체기술관련문서는 방사선학적 부지 조사와 해체완료계획서에 포함되어야 하는 내용으로써 부지 규제 해제와 재이용에 관해서 중요한 자료를 제공한다. 이 논문은 부지 별 잠재적 핵종에 대해 미국 원전의 해체 사례중 부지 특성 및 최종 상태조사 과정에서 결정하는 방법론을 분석하고 2017년 고리 1호기의 영구 운전정지 후 이루어질 해체 과정에 필수적인 규제 지침과 기술적 근거 수립에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

In order to study the range of flight and feeding activity of Anopheles sinensis, the dispersal experiment was conducted in Paju city, located in the northern part of Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, during the period of 7th to 28th September 1998. Unfed females An. sinensis were collected in cowshed and released after being marked with fluorescent dye at 23:00 hours on the same day. Released female mosquitoes were recaptured everyday during 21 days using light traps, which were set at 10 sites in the cowsheds located 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 km north-northwest and north-northeast and at 3 sites located 1, 6 and 9 km toward south-west from the release point. In addition, to study the longest flight distance in one night, we set the light traps at 16 and 20 km toward north-northeast from the release site. All the collected mosquitoes were placed on filter papers and observed on UV transilluminator after treatment with one drop of 100% ethanol. Out of 12,773 females of An. sinensis released, 194 marked females mosquitoes were recaptured, giving 1.52% recapture rate. Of 194, 72 mosquitoes (37 1%) were recaptured in light traps from three places set at 1 km from the release point, 57 mosquitoes (29.4%) from two places at 1-3 km, 41 mosquitoes (21.1%) from three places at 3-6 km, 20 mosquitoes (10.3%) from three places at 6-9 km, and 4 mosquitoes (2.1%) from two places at 9-12 km. Since 170 female mosquitoes (87.6%) out of 194 marked mosquitoes were captured within 6 km from the release point, this flight radius represents the main activity area. An. sinensis was found to be able to fly at least 12 km during one night.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 Slow Release Substrate(SRS)로 사용되는 TBOS의 분해특성과 TBOS 분해생성물인 acetate와 butyrate를 적용한 탈염소화 효율을 파악하고자 하였다. 회분식 실험은 GC/FID를 이용하여 TCE 및 cis-dichloroethene(cis-DCE), 1-butanol, TBOS를 분석하였으며, acetate와 butylate는 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하였다. 혐기성 가수분해 반응을 통해 1M의 TBOS는 4M의 1-butanol로 전환 및 축적되었으며, 가수분해율은 $0.186{\mu}M/day$로 나타났다. 또한, 1-butanol은 퇴적토 내 토착균주에 의해 acetate와 butyrate로 분해되었다. 이 결과 TBOS는 자연에서의 탈염소화 공정에서 SRS로 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 판단된다. Acetate와 butyrate를 전자공여체로 적용한 TCE 탈염소화 반응은 초기 TCE 농도가 낮아짐에 따라 탈염소화 효율은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, acetate를 적용한 탈염소화 반응의 1차 반응 상수가 butyrate를 적용한 경우보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 탈염소화 반응에서 Geobacter lovleyi의 기질친화도 및 생분해성, 그리고 다양한 기질에 대한 적응도의 영향으로 판단된다. 그러나 Geobacter lovleyi의 TCE 탈염 소화 반응에 따른 cis-DCE의 축적이 발생할 경우 Geobacter lovleyi의 탈염소화 능력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 SRS는 Geobacter lovleyi를 이용한 TCE 탈염소화 공정 향상에 도움이 될 것이며, 이에 따라 발생되는 cis-DCE는 영가철 같은 환원성 금속이나 공존 가능한 탈염소화 미생물을 이용한 처리가 함께 필요할 것으로 판단된다.