• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2011

The extent of a rectangular conducting plane for measuring electromagnetic interference is discussed. Mutual coupling between the transmit and receive antennas is negligible, the effects of the ground plane on the normalized site attenuation(NSA) are considered by applying GTD(Geometric theory of diffraction). The calculation was done for the case that measuring distance(d) was 3 m for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. As the result, the size of the rectangular ground plane almost never affects upon NSA for horizontal polarization, but for vertical case, when both width and length of the rectangular plane are several times as long as distance, the effects of the edges are reduced under 1 dB.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2003

The effects of additions/deletions in glycosylated residues of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) produced in CHO-K1 on their secretion were examined. hEPO cDNA was amplified from human liver mRNA and cloned into the pCR2.1 TOPO. Using overlapping-extension site-directed mutagenesis method, glycosylation sites at 24th, 38th, 83rd, and 126th were respectively or accumulatively removed by substituting its asparagine (or serine) with glutamine. To add novel glycosylation sites, 69 and 105th leucine was mutated to asparagine. Mutant and wild type rhEPO constructs were cloned into the pcDNA3 expression vector with CMV promoter and transfected into CHO cell line, CHO-K1, to produce mutant rhEPO mutant rhEPO proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Western analysis with monoclonal anti-EPO antibody were performed using supernatants of the cultures showing transient and stable expressions respectively. Addition of novel glycosylation reduced rhEPO secretion dramatically while deletion mutants had little effect except some double deletion mutants ($\Delta$24/83 and $\Delta$38/83) and triple mutant ($\Delta$24/38/83). This fact suggests that not single but combination of changes in glycosyl groups affect secretion of rhEPO in cell culture, possibly via changes in their conformations.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 1998

Electrical resistivity method, one of the most widely used geophysical prospecting methods. has been usually applied to explorations for groundwater and underground resources. However, it has been extending its scope to civil & environmental engineering areas since it twas been developed so as to image underground structures effectively. A FEM algorithm for the dipole-dipole array was developed to correct topographic effects which have a serious influence on electrical methods. Applicability of the electrical resistivity imaging technique to civil & environmental engineering areas was verified through three case histories in this study First, thickness of soil layers was profiled to judge the possibility of developing borrow-pits tn an industrial complect site. Second, weak zones such as fractures and coal seams were detected to provide geological information for design and construction in a high mountain tunnel site. Third, horizontal/vertical distribution of the contaminated zone and depth of waste disposal were delineated in a completed industrial waste disposal site.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2012

Itching is one of the major diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis (AD) and one of its most troublesome symptoms that provokes the desire to scratch. Effective control of itching is believed to be one of the basic approaches in controlling AD. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the antipruritic effect of ethanol extracts from Perillae Japonicae Semen leaves (PJSL) and Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen such as compound 48/80 or substance P in hairless mice. PJSL or CF treatment inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80 or substance P in a dose-dependant manner. In particularly, co-treatment PJSL ($50{\mu}g/mL$) plus CF ($100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80 or substance P. PJSL, CF or PJSL plus CF was administered orally for 2 h and then compound 48/80 ($50{\mu}g/site$) or substance P ($100{\mu}g/site$) was injected into rostral back, and scratching of the injected site by the hind paw was counted for 1 h. PJSL or CF administration reduced the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 as well as substance P in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, co-administration of PJSL and CF markedly suppressed the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 as well as substance P. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. From the preliminary observations, we considered that ethanol extracts from PJSL and CF could be an effective natural materials for itching treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2003

Lake Texoma is located on the border of southern Oklahoma and northern Texas. It has 93,000 surface acres, and is a focus of the recreation, and farming industries in the region. There are potential stressors around the Lake Texoma watershed that may cause adverse ecological effects in the lake. System assimilative capacity (SAC) is the ability of abiotic and biotic processes to atteuniate the stressors. SAC Exceeded indicates potential of occuring adverse eco-effects. A number of representative chemical release sites and stressor sources in the surrounding watershed were characterized, and several impact sites having stressors sources, such as being near agriculture, landfills, housing areas, oil production fields and heavy use recreational activity, were selected for surface water, sediment, and groundwater monitoring. A paired reference site, having similar physical characteristics as its impact site, was also chosen based on its proximity to the impact site. Lake water samples were collected at locations identified as marina entrance, gasoline filling station, and boat dock at five marinas selected on Lake Texoma from September 1999 to December 2001. Paired water and sediment samples were also collected. Groundwater samples were collected at about 70 producing monitoring wells. Water quality parameters measured were inorganics (nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, ammonia, sulfate, and chloride), dissolved methane, total organic carbon (TOC) (or DOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and BTEX, and a suite of metals. Biotic communities were evaluated at impact and reference sites. Five basic components were measured; two terrestirial components (plants and bird comminitires) and three aquatic components (benthic inverbrates, litteral-zone fishes, ecosystem attribures). Potential impacts to these comminites were evaluated.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1999

Background: Preemptive analgesia has been suggested recently as an another technique of postoperative pain control. Combination of low dose opioid and NSAIDs was used to lessen systemic opioid side effect, however, the use of NSAIDs may hinder their side effects in perioperative period. The local application of small dose at the target site can be effective without systemic effect. The aim of this study is evaluating the additive effect and side effect of transdermal piroxicam as preemptive adjuvant to intravenous nalbuphine on pain relief after major abdominal surgery. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients received piroxicam patch for preemptive analgesia before operation and compared it with control group. Two sheets of piroxicam patch to the skin incision site for 12 hours before operation were attached (Group 1, n=20) and no patch were applied (Group 2, n=20). Both groups were received nalbuphine continuously after operation using two days infuser (2 ml/hr) containing 80 mg (96 ml). Pain is evaluated by VAS score at each time; 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after operation and side effects of NSAIDs were observed for 3days postoperatively. Results: There was no significant VAS score difference between two groups following time in progress. And no significant side effect was noted in both groups, either. Conclusion: There is no preemptive or synergistic analgesic effect of piroxicam patch attached at planned operation site before operation.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

To examine the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tree growths of central Korea, tree rings of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) , Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and yew (Taxus cuspidata) were analyzed. Korean pine and red pine samples were collected from 4 and 7sites in Sorak Mountain ranges, respectively ; yew from one site in Sobaek Mountain. Correlations between ring-width and monthly temperature data showed generally positive relationships for the Korean pine and yew chronologies, but negative ones for the red pine chronologies. In the analysis of correlation between ring-width and monthly S0 index data, only one Korean pine chronology at the lower Hangaerung valley site, and one red pine chronology at Baekdamjang shelter site showed significant relationships ; negative with April SOI for the former and positive with previous August-September SOI for the latter. The other chronologies at higher elevation sites did not indicate any significant correlations with SOI.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.217-226
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• 2019

Background: We aimed to assess the dose needed to achieve the propofol effect-site concentration using target-controlled infusion in intellectually disabled patients and to detail the most effective method for achieving a safe level of consciousness without hemodynamic changes as well as detail any resulting adverse effects. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of sedation service records of 138 intellectually disabled patients (51, mental retardation; 36, autism; 30, brain lesion, 12 genetic diseases, 9 dementia) aged over 15 years and weighing over 30 kg. These patients had received propofol via target-controlled infusion in the special care dental clinic of Seoul National University Dental Hospital from May 2008 to September 2018 for restorative treatment (112), minor surgery (13), prosthodontics (7), periodontics treatment (5), and implant (1). Results: For all groups, the duration of dental treatments was $43{\pm}18$ minutes, total sedation time was $73{\pm}23$ minutes, and total BIS values was $57{\pm}12$. The propofol maintenance dosage values for each group were: mental retardation, $3{\pm}0.5(2-4){\mu}g/ml$; autism, $3.1{\pm}0.7(2-5){\mu}g/ml;$; brain lesion, $2.8{\pm}0.7(1.5-5){\mu}g/ml;$; genetic disease, $2.9{\pm}0.9(1-4){\mu}g/ml;$ and dementia $2.3{\pm}0.7(1-3.4){\mu}g/ml;$. Conclusions: The dementia group needed a lower dosage to reach a safe, effective propofol effect-site concentration than the other groups. Since there were no complications, deep sedation is a great alternative to general anesthesia for dental treatment of intellectually disabled patients.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1064-1068
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• 2020

For LW-TLM antenna of 65 kHz, Near-field propagation characteristics due to wave propagation obstacle are analyzed in this paper. The simulation modeling for propagation effects are based on the model of actual LW-TLM antenna which utilizes the frequency of 65 kHz, and the model expressed as propagation obstacle at a mountain height and a proximity of antenna and mountain. The near-field performance are analyzed based on the parameters of simulation model. In case of a normal mountain height and distance between the adjacent mountain and antenna site, a field strength change of about 1.7 dB has occurred. Above the constant distance of propagation obstacle and antenna, the wave propagation characteristics of disregarding the effects of propagation obstacle are shown. The results of this paper can be used to design and build a transmitting antenna site with 65 kHz operating frequency.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Purpose: Open-air dumping is a significant problem in Gilgit City, with limited research analyzing waste generation and its physicochemical impact on the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of open dumping on soil properties and compare them with a controlled site. Research Design, data, and Methodology: Using ANOVA, the study found significant differences in electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), sand, silt, and clay between the two sites, except for pH. Pearson correlation revealed that pH negatively correlated with EC, sand, and silt, but positively with SOM, SOC, and clay. The control site's mean EC was 6.06 mS/m, whereas the dumping site recorded 8.5 mS/m. EC is inversely related to SOM, SOC, silt, and clay, but directly to sand. SOC and SOM values varied significantly, with notable differences in soil texture components like clay and silt. Results: The research highlights the detrimental effects of unsystematic waste dumping on soil health and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane, which exacerbates climate change. Conclusion: The study concluded that waste deposition and decomposition significantly impact EC, SOM, SOC, and soil texture, though pH remains unchanged. The unsystematic dumping of solid waste contributes to climate change through methane production, a potent greenhouse gas. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends regular monitoring, waste prevention, recycling strategies, and continuous training for stakeholders to achieve sustainable development.