• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 1994

Dry and wet deposition samples were continuously collected by deposit gauge. In Bulkwang area of Seoul and Kanghwa in west coastal area of Korea. In order to evaluate the level of air pollution and its chemical composition, Bulkwang area located in Seoul and Kanghwa in west coastal area were chosen for sampling site. dry deposition concentrations, pH, electric conductivity and water soluble ion concentrations of deposit gauge were analysed. The results of comparison between urban area and coastal area were summarized as follows. Mean concentrations of dry deposition in Bulkwang was 2.807 ton/km$^2$/month (range: 5.171~1.128 ton/km$^2$/month) while that in Kanghwa was 1.990 ton/km$^2$/month (range: 3.358 ~ 1.084 ton/km$^2$/month), which showed a significant difference between two areas. The rainfall during the period from June to September in 1990 recorded 1859.7 mm which was 78.8% of its mean amount in Seoul, and 1846.9 mm which was 81.6% that of Kanghwa. In Bulkwang area, correlation coefficients of deposit chemical composition were 0.95 for SO$_4^{-2}$ and Na$^+$, 0.94 for SO$_4^{-2}$ and NH$_4^+$, 0.93 for CI$^-$ and NH$_4^+$ and 0.85 for Cl$^-$ and Ca$^{2+}$, respectively. Then, the results indicate that sulfates such as $Na_2SO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and CaSO$_4$ were the major chemical state of deposit. In Kanghwa area, it was considered that NaCl, $NH_4NO_3$, NaNO$_3$, and $Ca(NO_3)_2$ were the major chemical state of deposit.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2007

Tree species diversity is an important aspect of forest ecosystem stability. Tree species inventories at defined sites and in minimum diameter classes give a reliable indicator of the diversity level as well as the structural stability level of a study site. This study was conducted to investigate the species composition and the stand structure of the natural forest, timber-harvested forest (logged-over forest) and degraded forest of the Oak-twin Township in the Bago Yoma Region of Myanmar. Natural forest showed the highest family and species richness in all the investigated forests. At the family level, Verbenaceae occupied the highest importance value index (IVI) in all the forest stands while teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) occupied the highest IVI at the species level. However, the small diameter classes of T. grandis and other commercial species were less than those of big diameter classes in all the investigated forests. This abnormal pattern of diameter distribution could be a problem for the sustainable production of commercial timber species in the near future.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.678-686
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• 1996

To improve the preservation of Kimchi, we isolated Lactobacillus plantarum lytic enzyme-producing strain from soil, and the enzyme was purified and characterized. From the observation of cultural and morpho- logical characteristics, the isolated strain was identified as Metarrisium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. The enzyme was purified to 75-folds with 40% yields through affinity adsorption and CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatog- raphy. The optimum pH and temperature for lytic activity are 4.0 and 40$\circ$C, respectively, and the enzyme acitvity is stable between pH 3.0 and 9.0, and up to 50$\circ$C. The enzyme is a monomeric protein with molecular weight of 40,000 daltons by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The enzyme is endopeptidase which breaks the peptide linkage of Lactobacillus plantarum peptidoglycan. The lytic action spectra confirmed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides, a useful strain for the fermentation of Kimchi, is not lysed by the enzyme. The enzyme activity is inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), which probably indicates the involvement of tryptophan residue in active site of the enzyme, and also inhibited by Ag$^{+}$. The amino acid composition analysis showed that the enzyme contains more acidic amino acids than basic ones, and composition of alanine, glycine, proline and tyrosines was very high.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Objective: The study aimed to develop a functional performance index that evaluates the functional performance of Parkinson's patients, i.e., to integrate biomechanical measurements of walking, balance, muscle strength and tremor, and to use multiple linear regression with stepwise methods to identify the most suitable predictors for the progression of disease. Method: A total of 60 subjects were tested for sub-variables of four factors: walking, balance, isometric strength and hand tremors. Potential independet variables were extracted through correlation analysis of the sub-variables and dependent variables, Hoehn & Yahr scale. And then, a stepwise multiple regression analysis using the potential independent variables was performed to identify predictor of Hoehn & Yahr scale. Results: First, the results of the study showed that physical composition and gait had a relatively more correlated with the progression of the disease, compared to balance and hand tremor. Second, Parkinson's functional performance is characterized by dynamic pattern of walking, such as foot clearance and turning angle (TA) of walking, and a high-explained regression model is completed. Conclusion: The study emphasized the importance of walking variables and body composition in minor pathological features compared to Parkinson's patient's balancing ability and hand tremor. Specifically, it revealed that dynamic walking patterns functionally characterize patients. The results are worth considering when assessing functional performance related to the progression of the disease at the site.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

Statement of problem. Fibronectin mediates its biological effects by binding to integrins on cell membranes through a consensus site including the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence within tenth type III module. Purpose. The purpose of our study was to investigate the adsorption affinity of human recombinant fibronectin peptide (hFNIII 9-10) to titanium and to investigate the effect of the surrounding ionic composition on the adsorption process. Material and methods. As for evaluating the affinity of hFNIII 9-10 to Ti, titanium disks were incubated in 40, 80 and $120{\mu}g/ml$ hFNIII 9-10 solution at $37^{\circ}C$ overnight, repectively. As for evaluating the effect of surrounding ionic concentration, hFNIII 9-10 was dissolved in distilled water, phosphate buffered saline and RPMI 1640. Optical density (O.D.) was measured in ELISA reader. Results. The results were as follows; 1. The adsorption of hFNIII 9-10 showed significantly highest mean optical density (O.D.) value in $80{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The difference of ionic composition in DW, PBS and RPMI did not influence the adsorption amount of hFNIII 9-10.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.18-31
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• 1999

The research deals with external space Seowon(lecture hall) dedicated to education and memorial rises in Sangju area of Choson Dynasty. Characteristics of Seowon as follow; 1. Seowon of Sangju area were built from the middle of 17C to the beginning of 18C. Ideological background of building functioning were grafted into the belief in the three God governing Childbirth, the theory of feng-shui(wind-and water-magic) which is in close connection with the principles of yin and yang, and confucianism and the philosophy of lao-tze and chung-tze. The formation of space were horizontally arrangement and vertical arrangement as the first-learning and then-ancestor shrine of Youngnam provinces. 2. Background and factors of site selection were applied geographical feature, tried to connect owner home town. 3. The shape of path of flow were simple of vertical and curved composition, were continued, were stabilized through composition of human scale's space by reasonable internal. A case of Sangju area, D/H ratio of the front area of buildings and courts was as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio ot the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata.construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.299-299
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• 2010

In this study, microwave properties with compositions and frequency of the $Ba_3Co_2Fe_{24}O_{41}$ ceramics with Zn substitution for Co were investigated. From the XRD patterns, hexagonal structure of Z-type phase was existed as main phase. Diffraction peaks of Z-type phase were shifted to lower angle by Zn substituted for Co site. The permittivity was increased with Zn additions. In all composition, loss tangent of permittivities were increased with frequency. Permeability and magnetic resonance frequency were increased with Zn additions. Permeability was increased and loss tangent of permeability was decreased rapidly over 600 MHz~800 MHz. The loss tangent of permeability did not changed with composition ratio. In the case of $Ba_3Co_{1.6}Zn_{0.4}Fe_{24}O_{41}$ ceramics sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, the permittivity, loss tangent of permittivity, permeability and loss tangent of permeability were 28.277, 0.193, 22.992 and 0.065 at 310 MHz, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 1996

Aerosol measurements were carried out at Kosan, Cheju Island, Korea for the period from July 20 to August 10, 1994. Total suspended particles were collected by high volume samplers and PM 2.5 particles with gaseous volatile species were collected by a filter pack sampler and their ionic composition are analyzed. The average mass concentration of PM 2.5 particles was comparable to that of PM 3 particles collected during March, 1994 at the same site but the average non sea-salt sulfate concentration was higher that that of PM 3 particles, implying the fraction of anthropogenic air apllutants during this period is higher than that during March, 1994. During the measurement period, two distincitive patterns were observed, high concentrations of mass and water soluble ions were observed between July 20 and August 1 while those during after August 2 were low. Back trajectory analysis results show that air masses arriving at Kosan during the earlier period were mainly from Korea and Japan while those during the later period were from the North Pacific Ocean. It is suggested that the particle ion concentrations during the later period are marine background concentrations at Kosan during the summertime.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of transitional boundary on community composition and soil carbon stock. Five vegetation types were recognized horizontally along the transitional strip based on the dominance of tree species i.e., Pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica forest (M.PR&LC), pure Pinus roxburghii forest (P.PR), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica (M.PR&LC) and pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL). The results revealed that Anogeissus latifolia was reported dominant tree in the outer transitional boundaries of the forest, which reduced dominance of trees towards middle where Pinus roxburghii was found dominant. The soil carbon stock was reported higher in the Anogeissus latifolia dominant forest and reduced with the dominance of Pinus roxburghii in the middle site. Both the species are growing close to one another and competing for survival, but the aggressive nature of Anogeissus latifolia particular in this region may change new growth of Pinus roxburghii and will enhance soil carbon stock. But high anthropogenic pressure on Anogeissus latifolia tree species could be limited chance to further its flourish.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2007

Korean rivers and their surrounding environments have been used excessively for rice production in the past and more recently for construction of urban areas to accomodate the rapidly increasing population. Affected Korean rivers experience dramatic fluctuations in their water levels and have faster currents compared with those in other countries. In order to restore more natural conditions in rivers experiencing such conditions, we employed a partial restoration method, which is designed to achieve physical and biological stability simultaneously. Concrete blocks were introduced to increase the river's physical stability during floods, and terra cottem, a soil enhancer, was used to reduce water loss due to intense heat. These interventions increased the river's ability to hold water and thereby promoted plant growth. This restoration method increased vegetation coverage and species diversity in treated areas, and changed the species composition in treated areas to more closely approximate that of the control site. These results suggest that this method is effective in restoring damaged habitats to more natural conditions.