• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2016

Purpose: Green tea is known as a potent anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogen, and genetic protector. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is a widely used non-selective herbicide that causes DNA damage. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of green tea in human blood lymphocytes exposed to glyphosate using the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) frequency method. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 10 volunteers and cultured through four different conditions. Four groups were divided into control, glyphosate only (300 ng/mL), glyphosate and low ($20{\mu}m$) concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and glyphosate and high ($100{\mu}m$) concentrations of EGCG. Results: The glyphosate exposed groups had a higher mean SCE frequency ($10.33{\pm}2.50$) than the control group ($6.38{\pm}2.28$, p<0.001). The low concentrations of EGCG groups had a lower mean SCE frequency ($9.91{\pm}1.93$) than the glyphosate-only group, although this difference was not significant (p=0.219). However, the high concentration group ($9.49{\pm}1.85$) had a significantly lower SCE frequency than the glyphosate-only group (p=0.001). Conclusion: EGCG has a gene protective effect in human lymphocytes exposed to the genotoxicity of glyphosate in the case of high concentrations.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.823-830
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• 1999

배양 CHO cell에 SCE법을 이용하여 실제로 음용하는 조건에서 추출한 시판 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 추출물의 돌연변이 억제효과를 보기 위하여 실험하였다. 돌연변이 물질로 사용한 MMC에 의하여 유발된 SCE 빈도에 미치는 각 차 추출물의 돌연변이 억제 효과를 본 결과, 감잎차는 MMC 처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 고농도$(1000\;{\mu}g/mL)$로 세포에 처리되었을 때 SCE 빈도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. S9 mix 없이 감잎차 추출물만을 후처리한 경우는 저농도$(20{\sim}80\;{\mu}g/mL)$에서 SCE 유발빈도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 우롱차는 MMC처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 저농도$(10{\sim}20\;{\mu}g/mL)$로 처리 시 SCE 유발빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었으며, 녹차는 MMC 처리 후 S9 mix와 함께 추출물 농도 $160\;{\mu}g/mL$로 처리 시 SCE 유발빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 모두 농도는 다르나 각 추출물을 S9 mix와 함께 세포분열 주기 중 G1기에 후 처리 되었을 때에 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었으며, 감잎차는 S9 mix 없이 단독으로 후처리 되었을 때에도 용량 상관성은 없지만 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 결론적으로, 시판 감잎차, 녹차, 우롱차 추출물에는 MMC로 유발된 돌연변이를 억제시키는 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 감잎차의 경우 S9 mix 없이도 SCE 빈도를 감소시키는 효과가 있었던 것으로 보아 다른 두 차와는 다른 기전의 돌연변이 억제 작용을 하는 성분이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.261-266
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• 1995

Age-related change in the frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosornal aberrations were investigated in bone marrow cells of accelerated senescence-resistant mice (SAM R1) and senescence accelerated ones (SAM P1). And the effect of chronic treatment of ginseng extract (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on these chromosomal abnormalities was tested in SAM P1. SCE frequency in the cells was progressively increased with age in both mice, but it was consistently higher in SAM P1 than in SAM R1 at all corresponding age. Chromosomal aberrations were, however, not significantly changed with age except that it was slightly increased in only aged SAM P1. Interestingly, the rate of these genetic instabilities in SAM P1 was remarkably retarded by long-term administration of ginseng water extract (0.05% in drinking water). These results suggest that frequency of spontaneous SCE in bone marrow cells increase in parallel with senescence of the mice, and SAM P1 is in the condition of being more exposed than SAM R1 to DNA damaging factors. These also indicate that long-term treatment of ginseng may reduce the genetic damage.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2005

DEHP is one of well known endocrine disrupter and it is used as additives for the production of PVC. There has been contradictional result on the genotoxicity of DEHP. In order to examine genotoxicity of a endocrine disruptors, DEHP (Di-2-EthylHexyl Phthalate) and it's metabolites, EHA (2-EthylHexanoic Acid) and DEP (Di-2-Ethyl Phthalate), chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) and single cell gel electrophoresis were analysised. No increase of the frequency of CA was observed by DEHP and its two metabolites. DEHPincreased the frequency of SCE and MN whereas EHA only increased the frequency of SCE. DEP increased the frequency of SCE but the increase was not statistically significant. DEHP and DEP, also induced DNA damage. It is suggested that combination of different methods were recomended to find the genotoxicity of DEHP and its metabolites.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

셀레늄이 수은, 카드뮴 및 크롬의 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 이들 중금속을 $0.3{mu}M$에서 $10{mu}M$까지 6개 농도로 각각 희석하여 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄과 함께 혈액 배양에 첨가하고, 48시간 경과후 fluorescence-plus-Giemsa 염색에 의해 2차분열 중기의 염색체에서 자매염색분체교환(SCE)현상을 관찰하여, 셀레늄을 첨가하지 않았을 때의 결과와 비교하였다. 셀레늄을 다른 중금속들의 경우와 동일한 농도로 단독 첨가한 경우 SCE빈도는 $5.9{\pm}2.64$회에서 $12.3{\pm}3.99$회의 범위로 변하였고, 수은은 $6.5{\pm}2.70$회에서 $15.7{\pm}2.75$회, 카드뮴은 $6.7{\pm}2.65$회에서 $11.2{\pm}4.13$회, 크롬은 $7.0{\pm}2.58$회에서 $14.9{\pm}6.43$회의 범위로 농도증가에 비례하여 SCE빈도가 상승하였으며, 이때 세포분열지수는 공히 농도증가에 반비례하여 고농도군에서는 현저히 낮았다. 중금속들과 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄을 동시에 첨가시킨 조건에서는 수은의 경우, 셀레늄과 수은의 몰(mol)농도비가 1:1, 1:2, 1:4의 조건에서, 카드뮴의 경우 1:2 및 1:4의 조건에서 SCE빈도의 현저한 감소를 나타냈으나 크롬의 경우는 셀레늄의 첨가와 무관하였으며, 세포분열지수는 전반적으로 셀레늄의 첨가에 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2000

This study is being carried out, in two different random sample groups, between 20 men who were radiation exposed workers in the two general hospitals located in "T" city as a experimental group and 20 healthy men who were non-radiation exposed workers as a control group. The occurring frequency of the sister chromatid exchange as a biological dosemeter of radiation were studied. And the age, duration of employment and smoking were used as variable for the experiment. The results are as follows : The frequency of SCE were noticed respectively by each variable : 1) by age as a variable, the frequency were increased notably in radiation exposed workers group rather than a control group(p<0.05). 2) by duration of employment, the difference of the frequency were not recognised significantly in statistical among radiation exposed workers. 3) in smoker the frequency were increased notably in a radiation exposed workers than a control groups(p<0.05). Taking into consideration the above results, the age and smoking could affect the frequency of SCE, however, the size of sample were too small to generalize. Therefore, the following suggestions are recommended to get more accurate result. 1) In order to clarify the correlation in a smoking as variable, finding the volume of smoking and its related factor are necessarily required. 2) In order to confirm the correlation in each variable, adopting of a bigger-sized sample are needed and the study itself also be carried out repeatedly.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

Purpose: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is widely used as an herbicide for weed control in rural areas. It is also readily available for suicide attempts. Glyphosate has high toxicity and negatively affects the human body. The aim of this investigation was to study the genotoxicity of a low-concentration of glyphosate through sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. Methods: Primary lymphocyte cultures were obtained from blood samples of 11 males and seven females who had been exposed to glyphosate (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL). The frequency of SCEs was examined and statistical analysis was performed. Results: All doses of glyphosate induced a significant dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency compared with the control group (P<0.001). In particular, the SCE frequency for exposure to low-dose glyphosate was significantly higher in females than in males. Conclusion: According to the result of this study, even a low-dose of glyphosate may damage DNA and females are more vulnerable to glyphosate.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the suppressive effects of galangin on the DNA damage induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU), in vitro sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test using Chinese Hamster ovary(CHO) cells was performed. Also the determinations of [$^{3}$H] MNU-induced total DNA binding and methylated DNA were performed to find out the mechanism of action by galangin. MNU-induced SCEs were significantly decreased by simultaneous and pretreatment of galangin when S-9 mix was added only. In post-treatment, however, the MNU-induced SCEs were not decreased when S-9 mix was added or not. [$^{3}$H] MNU-induced total DNA binding was significantly inhibited by the treatment of galangin in calf thymus DNA and CHO cells. HPLC analysis of DNA hydrolysates shows that galangin caused a dose-dependant decrease in calf thymus DNA, but not significant decrease in CHO cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of galangin on the MNU-induced SCEs is due to the decrease of DNA binding and methylation with MNU. Therefore, galangin may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of alkylating agents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.616-627
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the cytogenetic hazard among hospital workers potentially exposed to low dose of radiation, the analysis of chromosome aberrations(CA) and sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in lymphocytes were performed in 79 hospital workers and 79 non-exposed workers. The mean frequency of chromosomal exchange and deletion(respectively, $0.20\times10^{-2}/cell\;and\;0.39\times10^{-2}/cell$) in the exposed group were significantly higher than those$(0.07\times10^{-2}/cell\;and\;0.23\times10^{-2}/cell)$ in control group. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was 5.04/cell in the control vs. 6.57/cell in the exposed group. There were also significant differences in the mean frequencies of CA and SCE adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking between two groups. There were no evidence of significant increase of CA and SCE according to the department or duration of employment. But the frequency of cells having chromosome aberration was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group related to duration of employment. There was no dose-effect relationship between the cumulative doses and the frequency of CA and SCE. But in the case of last 1 yr cumulative dose, there were evidence of significant dose-dependant increase of chromosome type CA and percentage of cells with aberration. The result suggest that there is cytogenetic hazard in risk group like hospital workers handling low dose radiation. And the analysis CA and SCE are useful biological indicators for the exposure of low dose level of radiation.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

In order to compare the suppressive effect of quercetin and several its glycosides, such as quercitrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), hyperin (quercetin-3-galactoside) and tutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside), on the genotoxicity by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU), in vitro sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test using mouse spleen lymphocytes and in vivo micronucleus test using mouse peripheral blood were performed. MNU-induced SCEs in vitro were not decreased by the simultaneous treatment of test compounds. Among them, quercetin and hyperin showed significant suppressive effects at high dose(10-5M). On the other hand, MNU-induced micronucleated reticulocytes(MNRETS) in vivo were significantly decreased with good dose-dependent manner in all compound tested. However, there were not significant differences between quercetin aglycone and its glycosides in the suppressive aglycone and its glycosides may act as an antigenotoxic agent in vivo and may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of alkylating agent.