• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-179
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• 1995

Sinus venosus type atrial septal defect is commonly associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return[PAPVR . Ideal surgical repair of sinus venosus ASD with PAPVR demands complete closure of septal defect with redirection of the anomalous pulmonary venous return to the left atrium without obstructing the superior vena cava[SVC or the anomalous pulmonary vein and without injury of sinoatrial node and residual shunt. In our two patients, the closure of sinus venosus ASD and correction of PAPVR could be accomplished by simple direct sutures without using a patch or flap. Both patients had a good outcome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.2 s.259
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• pp.154-156
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• 2006

Inferior sinus venosus ASD (atrial septal defect) is a rare congenital cardiac deformity, that occurs on between the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Diagnosis of inferior sinus venosus ASD is difficult because of its infero-posterior location of the fossa ovalis. Therefor, exact anatomical diagnosis by preoperative and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is necessary at preoperation and during the operation. We present a case of residual ASD, which was diagnosed secundum ASD and repaired when the patient was 10 years old. Residual ASD was diagnosed by cardiac echocardiography in preparation of otorhinolaryngology operation. Therefore, reoperation of residual ASD was done when the patient was 24 years old. The patient had secundum ASD and inferior sinus venosus ASD, but in the prior operation, inferior sinus venosus ASD wasn't found and only secundum ASD was repaired. In reoperation, inferior sinus venosus ASD was reveled and patch closure was done.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1998

Inferior sinus venosus defect is a rare lesion in which there is a large interatrial communication adjacent to the atrial connection of the inferior caval vein. The defect is located posteriorly and inferiorly, outside the confines of the true atrial septum, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections are the rule. We underwent surgical repair in four patients with inferior sinus venosus defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. There were three males and one female with an age range from four months to 25 years. A cross- sectional echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization had been performed preoperatively in all patients, but the correct diagnosis had been made in only one case. Surgical repair was indicated due to congestive heart failure, and one patient of 4-month-old needed urgent operation. The repair was accomplished by suturing a untreated autologous pericardial patch to the right of the pulmonary veins, so that the defect was closed and all the pulmonary venous blood was directed to the left atrium. The preoperative knowledge of the unusual anatomy allows the surgeon to repair the anomaly without difficulties. For the patients in whom interatrial communication and anomalous pulmonary venous return are suggested, surgeon has to pay careful attention to the anatomical landmarks to avoid incorrect placement of the patch.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

The histological structure of the heart in Pseudorasbora parva was investigated by light microscope. The heart consisted of four consecutive chambers, the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle and bulbus arteriosus. The wall of the sinus venosus was divided into endocardium, myocardium and epicardium, and the walls of the atrium and ventricle were divided into endocardium, subendocardium, myocardium, subepicardium and epicardium, and the wall of the bulbus arteriosus was divided into endocardium, subendocardium (ridge tissue), middle layer, subepicardium and epicardium. The valves were observed in the sinoatrial, artrioventricular and bulboventricular junctions. The sinus venosus wall was mostly made up of collagen. The rings of tissue were observed at the sinoatrial junction. The atrium was composed of a spongy trabeculate myocardium surrounded by an external rim of thin myocardium, and collagens were distributed in the subepicardium and trabeculae. The ventricle was a spongy myocardium with vessels in subepicardium. In the subepicardium and trabeculae of the ventricle, collagens were distributed. In the bulbus arteriosus, the diameter and length of the ridges were differed. The endocardial cells were convex and the non-clustered subendocardial cells showed irregular shapes. The cells of the middle layer were arranged into incomplete layers that showed different orientations. The subepicardium was formed by cells of different morphology. Collagens and elastins were demonstrated in the subendocardium, middle layer and subepicardium of the bulbus arteriosus. The epicardium was a single layer composed of flattened cells.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1986

A rare anomaly, Cor triatriatum dexter combined with pulmonary stenosis and patent foramen ovale in a 2-years- old female is presented. Abnormal embryologic development of the right sinus venosus valve caused partial membranous septation of the right atrium. Most cases have been recorded at necropsy either as an incidental finding or in association with severe congenital heart disease. In this case, Cor triatriatum dexter was diagnosed preoperatively by cineangiography and echocardiography.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 1981

A series of 132 consecutive cases of secundum type atrial septal defect operated from 1963 to 1980 in the department of Thoracic Surgery of Seoul National University Hospital is analysed. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 months to 57 years and the ratio of men to women was 1 to 1.4. Clinical analysis revealed 33 patients [26%] were asymptomatic and 15 patients [12%]had congestive heart failure. Hemodynamic analysis revealed that severe pulmonary hypertension which is the most serious risk factor is ASD developed in 10 patients [9%] and pulmonary artery pressure significantly increased after the age of 20 years. There were 10 patients with sinus venosus defect and 7 patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The operative mortality was 2.2%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1975

Up to October 31, 1975, 34 cases of atrial septal defect, secundum type, operated in this department, were presented. This is 23.2% of all congenital heart diseases, operated utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass, in this department during this period [34 out of 146]. Out of 34 cases, 32 cases are pure ostium secundum type and one case is sinus venosus and another one is ostium secundum type with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Six cases of endocardial cushion defect and 3 cases of trilogy of Fallot are excluded in this report. All 34 cases are repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation. Among 34 cases of atrial septal defect, 16 cases are male, and 18 cases are female. Their ages range between 3 to 48 years, but over 59% of the cases are below the ages of 20 years. Thirty-two cases are repaired by direct sutures while 2 cases are repaired with Teflon patches. The average perfusion time is 30 minutes; the shortest 12 and the longest 81 minutes. The number of the defect is single in 31 cases, double in 2 cases, triple in one case. But the associated defect except the main defect are so small as can be closed by simple direct suture. The size of the defect is average $12cm^2$; the smallest 0.7 and the largest $25cm^2$. The surgical mortality is 2 cases [5.6%] and other cases are found to be excellent in the follow up studies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.986-990
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• 1997

Twenty-three patients underwent operations to repair a congenital heart disease through right anterolateral thoracotomy(RALT) between December 1989 and December 1996. Defects repaired 22 atrial septum(13 ostium secundum;3 lower sepal defect;4 posterior septal defect; 1 sinus venosus;1 ostium primum) and 1 ventricular septal defect. There was no operative mortality or late morbidity directly related to RALT. The RALT incision is a safe and effective me hod to a median sternotomy in selective patients(especicially female). The cosmetic results are very good during the follow up periods.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.254-256
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• 2012

Chiari's networks are present in 1.5% to 4% of the population. They are a congenital disease characterized by a remnant of the right valve of sinus venosus and rarely have clinical significance. Chiari's network, as the name implies, has network-like shape, but there are other forms of appearance. We have experienced a case of a 60-year-old woman who had a cystic mass on the right atrium. Surgical treatment was performed forthe mass removal and differential diagnosis of the mass. There was no evidence of other tumor, but Chiari's network. As cystic form of Chiari's network have not been reported before, it is the first report of cystic form of Chiari's network.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 1974

The electrocardiogram of frogs were obtained in winter (January), spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (September and November). Electrocardiograms were recorded applying electrodes to the atria, ventricle and apex of the heart by unipolar or bipolar leads. V wave was recorded prior to P wave, for the presence of the sinus venosus which controls the automaticity of the frog heart, in four seasons. Regardless of the leads or the position of the electrodes P wave was diphasic and wide. According to the rise of temperature the rate of heart beat was increased, and V-P and P-R interval were shortened. Two regression line between R-R interval and both V-P interval and P-R interval were drawn. These were calculated as V-P interval=1 0.276R-R $interva1+0.067{\pm}0.15$ (sec.) and P-R interval=0.179R-R $interva1+0.155{\pm}0.1$ (sec). From these calculation the larger gradient of V-P interval than P-R interval was suggestive that the heart rate is more dependent on the changes of V-P interval than that of P-R interval. Changes of the heart rate were also measured in four seasons and artificial temperatures. Two regression lines between the heart rate (H.H.) and both seasonal temperature (T) and artificial temperature, were drawn. These two lines were calculated as H.R.=20+3.71 (T-10) and H.R.=32+1.425 T respectively. From two gradients of the above equations it is considered that the changes of the heart rate in artificial temperature were milder than that in seasonal temperature. The number of RBC and WBC of frogs were measured in four seasons and a tendency of the changes was observed according to the seasonal variation.