• Title/Summary/Keyword: Single subject research

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The Effects of Sensory Integration Intervention for the Improvement of Sleep Quality in Adults: A Single-Subject Experimental Design (성인의 수면의 질 향상을 위한 감각통합중재의 효과: 단일사례 연구)

  • Hong, Cho Rong;Yoo, Eun Young;Park, Ji Hyuk;Park, Hae Yean
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2019
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a sensory integration intervention to improve sleep quality in adults. Methods : The subjects of the study were three sleepless adults with sensory defensiveness. This study applied a multiple baseline design out of a single-subject study, with the process comprising 4 basic lines, 7 basic lines, and 14 basic lines. The intervention was conducted 3 times per week for a total of 12 times. Overall sleep time, sleep latency, and the number of times that participants awoke at night were measured during every session. Sleep quality, sensory integration capabilities (including sensory defensiveness), and sleep satisfaction were measured before and after treatment. Results : A visual analysis of total sleep time, sleep latency, and number of waking times during the night as measured daily after the sensory integration intervention was applied showed no noticeable improvement in any of the subjects. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it applied a sensory integration intervention to adults and proposed sensory integration therapy as a new method of intervention to treat sleep disorders.

The effects of repeated speech training using speech cues on the percentage of correct consonants and speech intelligibility in children with cerebral palsy: A single-subject design research (Speech cues를 이용한 반복훈련이 뇌성마비 아동의 자음정확도 및 말명료도에 미치는 영향: 단일대상연구)

  • Seo, Saehee;Jeong, Pilyeon;Sim, Hyunsub
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2021
  • This single-subject study examined the effects of repetitive speech training at the word and sentence levels using speech cues on the percentage of correct consonants (PCC) and speech intelligibility of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Three children aged between 5-8 years with a history of CP participated in the study. Thirty-minute intervention sessions were provided four times a week for four weeks. The intervention included repeated training of words and sentences containing target phonemes using two instructions of speech cues, "big mouse" and "strong voice". First, the children improved their average PCC and speech intelligibility, but an effect size analysis indicated that the effect was different for each child, and the effect size for speech intelligibility was higher than for PCC. Second, the intervention effect was generalized to untrained words and sentences. Third, the maintenance effects of PCC and speech intelligibility were very high. These findings suggests that repeated speech training using speech cues is an intervention technique that can help improve PCC and speech intelligibility in children with CP.

Lightpaths Routing for Single Link Failure Survivability in IP-over-WDM Networks

  • Javed, Muhammad;Thulasiraman, Krishnaiyan;Xue, Guoliang(Larry)
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.394-401
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    • 2007
  • High speed all optical network is a viable option to satisfy the exponential growth of internet usage in the recent years. Optical networks offer very high bit rates and, by employing technologies like internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing(IP-over-WDM), these high bit rates can be effectively utilized. However, failure of a network component, carrying such high speed data traffic can result in enormous loss of data in a few seconds and persistence of a failure can severely degrade the performance of the entire network. Designing IP-over-WDM networks, which can withstand failures, has been subject of considerable interest in the research community recently. Most of the research is focused on the failure of optical links in the network. This paper addresses the problem of designing IP-over-WDM networks that do not suffer service degradation in case of a single link failure. The paper proposes an approach based on the framework provided by a recent paper by M. Kurant and P. Thiran. The proposed approach can be used to design large survivable IP-over-WDM networks.

Investigation on 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide Using Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (각도분해 광전자 분광법을 이용한 2차원 전이금속 칼코겐 화합물의 전자구조 연구)

  • Park, Soohyung
    • Ceramist
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2019
  • Recently, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers have been the subject of research exploring the physical phenomenon generated by low dimensionality and high symmetry. One of the keys to understanding new physical observations is the electronic band structure of 2D TMDCs. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) is, to this point, the best technique for obtaining information on the electronic structure of 2D TMDCs. However, through ARPES research, obtaining the long-range well-ordered single crystal samples always proves a challenging and obstacle presenting issue, which has been limiting towards measuring the electronic band structures of samples. This is particularly true in general 2D TMDCs cases. Here, we introduce the approach, with a mathematical framework, to overcome such ARPES limitations by employing the high level of symmetry of 2D TMDCs. Their high symmetry enables measurement of the clear and sharp electronic band dispersion, which is dominated by the band dispersion of single-crystal TMDCs along the two high symmetry directions Γ-K and Γ-M. In addition, we present two important studies and observations for the direct measuring of the exciton binding energy and charge transfer of 2D TMDCs, both being established by the above novel approach.

Effects of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation on Electrocephalogram

  • Lee, Jeongwoo;Lee, Hyejein;Park, Woongsik
    • Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.1687-1694
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    • 2019
  • Background: Although cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is reported to have positive effects on mental functions such as depression and sleep improvement, detailed studies regarding awakening, attention and concentration among brain waves reflecting brain activity are lacking. Objective: To examine the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on various electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflecting brain activities. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: This study selected 30 healthy adult women in their 20s who volunteered for this experiment. A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (Sham group, 0.5 Hz CES group, and 100 Hz CES group). EEGs were measured before and after the single CES, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The relative theta, alpha, and gamma waves indicated no significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group. The relative fast alpha wave only showed significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in P4. The relative slow beta wave only indicated statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in T3 and T4. The relative mid and fast beta waves showed statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in all areas. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CES of 0.5 Hz awakens consciousness and has a positive influence on brain activity, while a CES of 100 Hz has a positive influence on thinking activity accompanying mental load during concentrating on one subject.

Civil legal relations in the context of adaptation of civil legislation to the legislation of the EU countries in the digital age

  • Kizlova, Olena;Safonchyk, Oksana;Hlyniana, Kateryna;Mazurenko, Svetlana
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.12spc
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    • pp.521-525
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    • 2021
  • An essential area is the creation of a single digital market between the EU and Ukraine through information technology. Purpose: to investigate and analyze civil law relations in the field of adaptation of Ukrainian civil law to civil law regulations of the EU. The object of research: Ukrainian civil law and civil law of the EU. The subject of the study is civil law in the context of adaptation of civil law to the legislation of the EU. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: semantic, historical, comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization. The results of the study show that the harmonization of the legal system of Ukraine with EU law is caused by several goals: successful integration of Ukraine into the EU, legal reforms based on the positive example of EU countries, promoting access of Ukrainian enterprises to the EU market; attracting foreign investment, increasing the welfare of Ukrainian citizens. The adaptation includes three stages, the final of which is the preparation of an expanded program of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with EU legislation. In the process of adaptation, it is important to take into account the legal history, tradition, features and mentality of Ukraine and before borrowing legal structures to analyze the feasibility of their application in the Ukrainian legal field.

The Level of Happiness According to the Types of Work and Leisure in Single-person Households (1인가구의 일·여가 유형에 따른 행복수준)

  • Kwon, Anna
    • Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to apprehend resources that affect level of happiness according to the types of work and leisure in single-person households, and suggests measures to effectively manage. Single-person households not only have different demographic characteristics such as gender and age, but also they have different resources, so there is a need to look at them simple as an individual subject, but as a complicated system from more integrated view. Thus, this study saw the single-person household as an organism existing in a complicated environment based on examining the previous researches. This work deigned the research model by applying the human ecological point of view consistently interacting with the environment. This study suggested an hypothesis under the assumption that the resources such as leisure, infrastructure, social activity and work-life balance support system will influence the level of happiness of single-person household

Suggestion of smart Dressing Table design for one person household -Focusing on single women in their 20s (1인 가구를 위한 스마트 화장대 디자인 제안 - 20대 독신 여성을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Da-Yeon;Lee, Dong-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to recognize the necessity of smart furniture for single - person households and to suggest final design. It is assumed that smart furniture that meets the demand can be released in the future. To this end, we intend to solve the needs of the smart technology of the subject through in-depth interviews and persona establishment through demand research. Currently, the number of single-person households is expected to increase steadily and become the most important form of household composition in the future. In the future, it will be analyzed based on the in-depth interview after the target selection for the target needs research. Then, after insights are gathered through in-depth interviews, we apply the applicable smart technology to create the expected scenarios and draw conclusions about how smart furniture will function in the future.

A Case Study on the District Standard Planning Applied to Single-Detached House Area of Eomsa District Dooma-Myun Nonsan in Chungnam Province (충남 논산 두마면 엄사지구 단독주택지에 적용된 지구단위계획실태조사연구)

  • Kim, Joon-Yeoul;Choi, Hyo-Seung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2001
  • For several years by discussion and research, the designing plan and detail plans of year 2000 has been unified. By this result the District Standard Planning as well as the following existing town to control all sorts of living surrounding problems and to make a delightful arranged town are the purpose, which is carrying out all over the country. It is true that the expectation was high to the District Standard Planning. Because of this plan it could use and control the District special quality. Such as, it could rise the ability of beautiful sight and make a advisable town. But in this study the first preceding subject is a problem by the constructing work that the restriction and the standard application has been strong. So the District Standard Planning had many problems. And also by the problems here, as a immoderate volition and stiffen about the operation, the system and equipment lack about the environment improving work, problems with areas by the exciting plannings, the attitude of the executive agency that can't accept the inhabitants will. From these backgrounds we thought the research has not to be standardize in only newtown concept, but has to breath with the exciting towns and the rural areas that the District Planning has been applied. And to revive the special quality of the area and local government by a positive and logical research. Consequently in this study, we researched about the problems of architectures that had issues with the District Standard Planning of architectural part of operation guide which has been assisted form Single-Detached House in Eomsa District Dooma-Myun Nonsan which is located in Chungnam province.

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Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Action Observation Training on Upper Extremity Motor Function in Stroke Patient: A Single-Subject Study (고유수용성신경근 촉진법 훈련과 동작관찰 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 운동기능에 미치는 효과: 단일사례 연구)

  • Park, Hye-Ryoung;Lee, Moon-Kyu;Yun, Tae-Won
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2015
  • This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness on upper motor extremity function between proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation which has been frequently used in clinical practice, and action observation training in terms of improving upper motor extremity function. A study with a single-subject design (A-B-C-A') was conducted with a patient who was diagnosed with left hemiplegia. A repeated-measure analysis was conducted to assess results of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Box and Block Test (BBT), and grip and pinch strength test performed daily in the study for 4 weeks. The results of the analysis indicated that the WMFT score, BBT score, grip strength, and pinch strength were improved from 29.60 to 39 (24.10%), from 1.67 to 4.93 each (EA) (66.22%), from 2.06 to 2.66 libras (lbs) (22.61%), and from 1.57 to 1.93 lbs (18.94%), respectively, from the baseline period to treatment period B. The values were improved from 29.60 to 42.20 (29.86%), from 1.67 to 7 EA (76.21%), from 2.06 to 3.47 lbs (40.57%), and from 1.57 to 1.67 lbs (6.12%), respectively, from the baseline period to treatment period C. From treatment period B to treatment period C, the WMFT score, BBT score, and grip strength were improved from 39 to 42.20 (7.58%), from 4.93 to 7 EA (29.56%), and from 2.66 to 3.47 lbs (23.20%), respectively, but pinch strength was decreased from 1.93 to 1.67 lbs (15.83%). In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and action observation training both have positive effects on upper extremity motor function. However, we suggest that the posttreatment effect of action observation training was better than that of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.