• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed the growth characteristics of red lettuce under Light-emitting diode (LED) light environment as well as the change of vitamin C and anthocyanins of lettuce. We made five monochromatic light treatments (red 647 nm, 622 nm, blue 463 nm, 450 nm, White), six mixed red (R) and blue (B) light treatments (R : B = 9 : 1, 8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5) and red + white, and three light treatments made according to photoperiod of LED with lighting sources ratio of red : blue (R : B = 8 : 2(18/06 h, 15/09 h, 12/12 h)). It was composed of totally 14 control beds. As a result, the red lettuce the most developed leaf height, leaf numbers and fresh weight under red single light, root length and leaf developed when grown under blue single light. Therefore, red light were related to above part of the lettuce, blue light were related to the growth of the underground part of lettuce. Case of the mixed light, leaf height, leaf numbers, fresh/dry weight of above and underground part were highest red + white light and root length and chlorophyll content were highest under red 7 : 3 blue light. Result of growing investigation by photoperiod, the red lettuce were considered to be most effective in 15/09 h (on/off). The content of anthocyanins; the single light source, mixed light and light irradiation period were highest under blue light (463 nm), red 7 : 3 blue and 18/06 h (on/off) light irradiation, respectively. The vitamin C showed the lowest content of $1.26mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ under the white light, but showed the greatest content of $3.02mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.244-254
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• 1983

Single crystals of sodium thiosulfate $(Na_2S_2O_3) have been grown from the saturated solution by the evaporation method at the optimum condition. Radiation damages in the crystal by ${\gamma}$-irradiation of $20{\times}10^6$ Rontgen have given rise to paramagnetic centers. The anisotropic spectra of each paramagnetic species have been obtained with the X-band EPR spectrometer at room temperature. When an isotropic D.P.P.H. at g value of 2.0036 is based on. ESR Spectra of the single crystal are recorded for each rotation about the perpendicular a, b and c axis with intervals of $10^{\circ}$ from $0^{\circ}$to $180^{\circ}$ in order to find out the properties of the crystal for anglar variation of the anisotropic peaks. The g values are calculated from the line position between the anisotropic peaks and the isotropic peaks of D.P.P.H. and then principal g values and their direction cosines of the species is obtained by the diagonalization of 9 matrix elements of the corresponding g values. From the analysis of the characteristic principal g values and direction cosines for ${\gamma}$-irradiated $Na_2S_2O_3$ crystal, anisotropic peaks corresponding to $SO_2^+, SO_2^- $are identified and the existences of unidentified and unstable paramagnetic defects are verified.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.627-632
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• 2017

In order to design a dual-head gantry radiotherapy system, the single head of LINAC was modeled using GATE as a preliminary study. The LINAC head was designed with VARIAN manufacturer's information. 6 MV photons were generated from the head and the photons w irradiated to a water phantom for beam evaluation. GATE simulation was segmented by two stages, the one was to generate X-ray spectrum and the other one was for irradiation X-ray to the water phantom. The quantitative results were described in Percentage depth dose and beam profile. Two field size conditions were employed as $5{\times}5$ and $10{\times}10cm^2$. After beam quality was verified, dual heads gantry radiotherapy system were simulated and they was compared to the single head of LINAC system in terms of dose deposition with in the phantom. The simulated LINAC head showed acceptable beam quality result for radiotherapy. The efficiency was calculated that deposited dose from dual heads was divided by the dose from single head. At all conditions, dual heads showed higher treatment efficiency. Efficiency was increased about 40 to 60%. Form the result, The dual head gantry system of new LINAC system will contribute to the practical radiotherapy of tumor and to reduce treatment time.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 1992

Between August 1987 and July 1991, 22 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with non-T-lymphocyte-depleted marrow obtained from matched sibling donors. Of these patients, 12 patients were in first complete remission (CR) and 10 patients in second CR or greater or in relapse. All patients were treated with a preparative regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide (CTX, 60 mg/kg) or combined drugs, and 850 cGy single-dose or $150\~200$ cGy fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) administered twice daily for a total dose of $1200\~1320$ cGy. Survivors have been followed from 8 to 64.5 months (median, 24 months). The overall 2 year survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of radiation pneumonitis and graft versus host disease (GVHD) have been evaluated by age, phase of disease, initial WBC count, modality of TBI or conditioning chemotherapy. Overall 2 year survival was $58{\%}$. The median survival was 31 months and mean survival was 23.2 months. Overall survival have significant impact in patients of age >19 years old (p=0.008), patients in first CR (p=0.09). Two year survival rate is significantly correlated with age ( >19 vs $\leqq$19, $79.4\%$ vs $14.3\%$, p=0.0008), regimen of chemotherapy (CTX vs combined drug, $76.9\%\;vs\;33.3\%$, p=0.04), phase of disease (1st CR vs \geqq2nd$ CR or relapse, $83.3\%\;vs\;30\%$, p=0.01) and method of TBI (fractionated vs single dose, $70.7\%\;vs\;37.5\%$, p=0.05). The influence of French-American-British (FAB) subtypes on relapse rate is not significant, but initial WBC count > 20000/$mm^3$ is associated with increased relapse rate. There is difference in the rate of radiation pneumonitis ($14.3\%\;vs\;25\%$), GVHD ($14.3\%\;vs\;50\%$) and relapse ($21.4\%\;vs\;50\%$) according to fractionated versus single-dose TBI. As mentioned above, fractionated TBI is compatible for the preparative regimen combined with chemotherapy En allogeneic BMT of first CR patients under 41 years of age with suitable donor. Those results from a retrospective, non-randomized study clearly need additional clinical data, ideally from a randomized study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1454-1459
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• 2012

An improved detection of radiation-induced paramagnetic faults was developed to identify the irradiation status of basil and clove. The effectiveness of different sample pretreatments, including freeze-drying (FD), oven-drying (OD), alcoholic-extraction (AE), and water-washing and alcoholic-extraction (WAE), were examined. All non-irradiated samples showed a single central signal ($g_0$=2.006), whereas radicals representing two additional side peaks ($g_1$=2.023 and $g_2$=1.986) with a mutual distance of 6 mT were detected in the irradiated samples. AE and WAE produced the best results for irradiated clove in terms of intensities of radiation-specific ESR signals and their ratios to the central signal. However, FD provided the highest intensities of radiation-specific ESR signals for basil, whereas their ratios to the major signal were better in the cases of AE and WAE. Signal noise, particularly due to $Mn^{2+}$ signals, was observed, whereas it decreased in AE and WAE pretreatments. Based on our results, AE and WAE can improve the detection conditions for radiation-specific ESR signals in irradiated samples.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2005

The organic material is one of the most popular material for the satellites and the spacecrafts in order to perform the thermal management, and to protect direct exposure from the space environment. The present paper observes material property changes of organic material under the space environment by using ground facilities. One of the representative organic thermal management material of satellites, 2 mil ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) coated aluminized KAPTON was selected for experiments. In order to investigate the single parametric effect of protons in space environment, MC-50 cyclotron system in KIRAMS(Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science) was utilized for the ion beam irradiation of protons and ion beam dose was set to the Very Large August 1972 EVENT model, the highest protons occurrence near the earth orbit in history. The energy of ion beam is fixed to 30MeV(mesa electron volt), observed average energy, and the equivalent irradiance time conditions were set to 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year exposure in space. The procedure of analyses includes the measurement of the ultimate tensile strength for the assessment of quantitative degradation in material properties, and the imaging analyses of crystalline transformation and damages on the exposed surface by FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopy) etc.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea with radiation in carcinoma of the cervix, huge exophytic or endophytic stage IIA and IIb. Materials and Methods : Sixty four patients with carcinoma of the cervix stage IIA (29 patients) with exophytic ($\geq$3cm in diameter) or huge endophytic mass and IIB (35 patients) treated with radiation and hydroxyurea at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University. School of Medicine from Aug, 1989 to May, 1991. The maximum and mean follow up durations were 68 and 57 months respectively. The radiation therapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis(3600-5400cGy) and boost parametrial doses (for a total of 4500-6300cGy) with midline shield ($4{\times}10$ cm), and combined with intracavitary irradiation (3000-3500 cGy to point A). Hydroxyurea was to be taken in a single oral dose of 1.0gm/day during radiation therapy. Results : The control rate was 89.1%. The actuarial overall five year survival rate was 78.8% for stage IIA and 72.8% for stageIIB. The overall recurrence rate was 25% (16/64). Tewnty-three percent of the patients developed leukopenia ($\geq$grade 3) and four percent of the patients developed grade 3 or greater thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 or greater GI, GU complication and anemia were not noted. There was no treatment related death noted. Conclusion : We considered that hydroxyurea and radiation therapy may improve survival rate in huge exophytic and endophytic stage IIa cervical carcinoma with acceptible morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.1 s.61
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

The mercury is among the most highly bioconcentrated toxic trace metals. Many national and international agencies and organisations have targeted mercury for the possible emission control. The mercury toxicity depends on its chemical form, among which alkylmercury compounds are the most toxic. A human cervix uterus cancer cell line HeLa cells was employed to investigate the effect of the toxic heavy metal mercury (Hg) and ionizing radiation. In the in vitro comet assays for the genotoxicity in the HeLa cells, the group of Hg treatment after irradiation showed higher DNA breakage than the other groups. The tail extent moment and olive tail moment of the control group were $4.88{\pm}1.00\;and\;3.50{\pm}0.52$ while the values of the only Hg treatment group were $26.90{\pm}2.67\;and\;13.16{\pm}1.82$, respectively. The tail extent moment and olive tail moment of the only 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 Hg group were $12.24{\pm}1.82,\;8.20{\pm}2.15,\;20.30{\pm}1.30,\;12.26{\pm}0.52,\;40.65{\pm}2.94\;and \;20.38{\pm}1.49$, respectively. In the case of Hg treatment after irradiation, the tail extent moment and olive tail moment of the 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 Hg group were $56.50{\pm}3.93,\;32.69{\pm}2.48,\;62.03{\pm}5.14,\;31.56{\pm}1.97,\;72.73{\pm}3.70\;and \;39.44{\pm}3.23$, respectively. The results showed that Hg induced DNA single-strand breaks or alkali labile sites as assessed by the Comet assay. It is in good agreement with the reported results. The mercury inhibits the repair of DNA. The bacterial formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Epg protein) recognizes and removes some oxidative DNA base modifications. Enzyme inactivation by Hg (II) may therefore be due either to interactions with rysteine residues outside the metal binding domain or to very high-affinity binding of Hg (II) which readily removes Zn (II) from the zinc finger.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effect of gamma-ray and electron-beam irradiation on dried spices (black pepper, red pepper, parsley, and basil) using the photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) methods. The spices were irradiated at 0, 1, 5, and 10 kGy. All non-irradiated spices had photon counts (PCs) less than 700 PCs. The PCs of three irradiated spices (red pepper, parsley, and basil) were clearly distinguishable from those of non-irradiated ones, exhibiting PSL signals higher than 5000 PCs. However, negative PSL counts (<700 PCs) were obtained for most irradiated black pepper, except those irradiated with 5 kGy gamma rays and 10 kGy electron-beams. TL glow curves of the irradiated spices showed a higher peak at $150-250^{\circ}C$. TL ratios were found to be less than 0.1 for non-irradiated spices and higher than 0.1 for irradiated ones. No ESR signal was observed for any irradiated spice except red pepper, which displayed cellulose-based ESR spectra. Therefore, the results suggest that the PSL, TL, and ESR methods are effective detection techniques for dried spices irradiated with electron beams as well as gamma rays.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1992

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the parafollicular cells of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The head and neck region of the rat, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, was exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80 cm, and the dose rate was 200 rads/min. The rate of experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd and 6th day after X-ray irradiation. Pieces of the tissue taken from the thyroid gland were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and in 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. Two types of the parafollicular cells, according to their electron densities, were found, i. e., light cells and dark cells. 2. Three types of the parafollicular cells, according to their sizes of secretory granules were found, i.e., small granule cells ($85nm{\pm}20.1;64{\sim}102nm$), medium granule cells ($120nm{\pm}26.5;77{\sim}179nm$), and large granule cells ($165nm{\pm}25.7;128{\sim}189nm$). 3. The differential ultrastructural changes of the cells according to their cell types, i.e., dark and light cell, or small, medium and large granule cells, were hardly observed in the time and dose range covered by this study. 4. The morphological changes of the parafollicular cells were not pronounced after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray. 5. Swollen cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and partial cytolysis were observed after exposure to 6,000 rads of X-ray. 6. Above results suggest that the parafollicular cells showed the alterations of mitochondrial and granular endoplasmic reticular swelling, and partial cytolysis, but only in doses of 6,000 rads.