• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single herbal medicines and Korean herbal medicine complex prescriptions for osteoporosis in Korea. We targeted studies published in domestic journals from January 1, 2013 to April 1, 2021. For domestic databases, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, DBpia, KISS, KISTI, and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal were used. Words such as "osteoporosis", "herbal medicine", "herbal combination prescription" and "herbal" were combined and searched. A total of 32 studies were selected. Among them, 8 studies were conducted exclusively for animal studies, 18 studies were conducted on cell experiments, and 6 studies were conducted on both animal and cell experiments. There were 18 studies using a single herb and 14 studies using a combination of Herbal medicine. As a result of the investigation of a single herb, it was found that 補陽藥 was most widely used, and it was found that it was mainly used in the herbal combination prescription, mainly for 補陽藥, 補氣藥, and 補陰藥. Studies in animal experiments revealed significant results mainly in bone mineral density, serological indicators, and morphological indicators of bone tissue. In the study of cell experiments, the effects were found in factors related to the differentiation of osteoclasts and inhibitors of inflammation. Through the results of this study, we are able to confirm the effective single herbal medicines and herbal medicine complex prescriptions for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it is expected that they will contribute to clinical treatment.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.98-104
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• 2017

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known health functional food used as a traditional herbal drug in Asian countries owing to its diverse pharmacological effects. Herb-drug interactions may cause unexpected side effects of co-administered drugs by the alteration of pharmacokinetics through effects on cytochrome P450 activity. In this study, we investigated the herb-drug interactions between Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) and five CYP-specific probes in mice. The pharmacokinetics of KRG extract induced-drug interactions were studied by cassette dosing of five CYP substrates for CYP1A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 3A and the LC-MS/MS analysis of the blood concentration of metabolites of each of the five probes. The linearity, precision, and accuracy of the quantification method of the five metabolites were successfully confirmed. The plasma concentrations of five metabolites after co-administration of different doses of the KRG extract (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) were quantified by LC-MS/MS and dose-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the five metabolites were not significantly altered by the dose of the KRG extract. In conclusion, the single co-administration of KRG extract up to 2 g/kg in vivo did not cause any significant herb-drug interactions linked to the modulation of CYP activity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.575-584
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• 2019

Colletotrichum acutatum is a species complex responsible for anthracnose disease in a wide range of host plants. Strain C. acutatum KC05, which was previously isolated from an infected pepper in Gangwon Province of South Korea, was reidentified as C. scovillei using combined sequence analyses of multiple genes. As a prerequisite for understanding the pathogenic development of the pepper anthracnose pathogen, we optimized the transformation system of C. scovillei KC05. Protoplast generation from young hyphae of KC05 was optimal in an enzymatic digestion using a combined treatment of 2% lysing enzyme and 0.8% driselase in 1 M NH₄Cl for 3 h incubation. Prolonged incubation for more than 3 h decreased protoplast yields. Protoplast growth of KC05 was completely inhibited for 4 days on regeneration media containing 200 ㎍/ml hygromycin B, indicating the viability of this antibiotic as a selection marker. To evaluate transformation efficiency, we tested polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation of KC05 using 19 different loci found throughout 10 (of 27) scaffolds, covering approximately 84.1% of the entire genome. PCR screening showed that the average transformation efficiency was about 17.1% per 100 colonies. Southern blot analyses revealed that at least one transformant per locus had single copy integration of PCR-screened positive transformants. Our results provide valuable information for a functional genomics approach to the pepper anthracnose pathogen C. scovillei.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2019

Rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most important diseases in rice production. PAS (period circadian protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, single-minded protein) domains are known to be involved in signal transduction pathways, but their functional roles have not been well studied in fungi. In this study, targeted gene deletion was carried out to investigate the functional roles of the PAS-containing gene MoPAS1 (MGG_02665) in M. oryzae. The deletion mutant ΔMopas1 exhibited easily wettable mycelia, reduced conidiation, and defects in appressorium formation and disease development compared to the wild type and complemented transformant. Exogenous cAMP restored appressorium formation in ΔMopas1, but the shape of the restored appressorium was irregular, indicating that MoPAS1 is involved in sensing the hydrophobic surface. To examine the expression and localization of MoPAS1 in M. oryzae during appressorium development and plant infection, we constructed a MoPAS1:GFP fusion construct. MoPAS1:GFP was observed in conidia and germ tubes at 0 and 2 h post-infection (hpi) on hydrophobic cover slips. By 8 hpi, most of the GFP signal was observed in the appressoria. During invasive growth in host cells, MoPAS1:GFP was found to be fully expressed in not only the appressoria but also invasive hyphae, suggesting that MoPAS may contribute to disease development in host cells. These results expand our knowledge of the roles of PAS-containing regulatory genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus M. oryzae.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Objective: Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent disease. It impedes subjective quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the equivalent effect of herb medicine treatment (DA-9701) for functional dyspepsia. Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we compared a herb medicine (DA-9701) with standard treatment (mosapride) and placebo for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. 42 volunteers who satisfied the requirements were enrolled in study. Severity of dyspepsia was measured by Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) and Functional Dyspepsia Quality of Life (FD-QOL) before and after treatments. Results: 1. In the DA-9701 group, total key symptoms score was significantly lower and improve rate of key symptoms was higher than in the mosapride and placebo groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between three groups. 2. In the DA-9701 and mosapride groups, "nausea" and "bad breath" were significantly lower compared with the placebo group. 3. In the DA-9701 group, NDI Quality of Life scores were significantly higher, but there were no [other] statistically significant differences between the three groups. 4. In the DA-9701 and mosapride groups, FD-QOL scores were higher compared with the placebo group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion: Herb medicine treatment (DA-9701) is effective to improve the symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2019

The consumption of herbal medicine and related products (herbal products) have increased in South Korea. At the same time the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal products is being raised. Currently, the herbal products are standardized and controlled according to the requirements of the Korean Pharmacopoeia, the National Institute of Health and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Affairs. The validation of herbal products and their medicinal component is important, since many of these herbal products are composed of two or more medicinal plants. However, there are no tools to support the validation process. Interest in deep learning has exploded over the past decade, for herbal medicine using algorithms to achieve herb recognition, symptom related target prediction, and drug repositioning have been reported. In this study, individual images of four herbs (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, Poria cocos Wolf, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer), actually sold in the market, were achieved. Certain image preprocessing steps such as noise reduction and resize were formatted. After the features are optimized, we applied GoogLeNet_Inception v4 model for herb image recognition. Experimental results show that our method achieved test accuracy of 95%. However, there are two limitations in the current study. Firstly, due to the relatively small data collection (100 images), the training loss is much lower than validation loss which possess overfitting problem. Secondly, herbal products are mostly in a mixture, the applied method cannot be reliable to detect a single herb from a mixture. Thus, further large data collection and improved object detection is needed for better classification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.400.2-400
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• 2001

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

Objectives : Since single extract powders was released at 1987, the insurance fee has not been changed, but the price of raw material has been increasing. According to this, Pharmaceutical company couldn't invest on quality of the product, so, the quality of single extracts went down and lost the consumer's trust. We checked the contents of marker ingredients in single extract thereby to recover the reliability of insurance-covered herbal preparations. Methods : we bought total twelve products of eight different single extracts of two main pharmaceutical companies among total 65 kinds of single extract powder stipulated in KHP (The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia) monograph III at Jan. 2013. Assays of selected single extract powders are performed by KHP regulation. And we surveyed price fluctuation of relevant herb raw materials from 2005 to 2012. Results : Among twelve products, eight single extract powders were suitable by the KHP regulation. But four products didn't reach the content amount of KHP. Marker contents in the single extracts product of Pueraria Root, Licorice, Peony root and Scutellaria Root of A company were 70%, 1%, 23.7% and 75.1%, respectively. Conclusions : We can acertain whether there's a quality problem in the insurance-covered single extract powders. But, A company is no longer producing these improper single extract powders. As a medicine, single extract powders needs to be strictly quality controlled by the company, and regularly monitored by the KFDA.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2017

Essential oil from herb is known to exert pharmacological effects on the human body. In this study we investigated the antibacterial activity of 4 essential oils (teetree, rosemary, melisa, and lavender), as well as the blended mixture oil of teetree, rosemary, and melisa (TRM) on three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial analysis was performed using the standard disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibition concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method with different concentrations of essential oils (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL). After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, the antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the zone of growth inhibition surrounding the disks. Herb oil with the inhibition zones showed varied values ranging from6 to 25 mm. However, the components of herb oil of TRM are as highly active as the teetree oil against pathogens, generating large inhibition zones for both gram negative and positive bacteria (13~22 mm and 8 mm inhibition zones). In the analysis for MIC, TRM showed growth-inhibitory effects at 0.0625% for S. aureus and E. coli, and 1.25% for P. aeruginosa. This result demonstrated that the anti-microbial activity of TRM was greater than a single herb oil, including oxacillin, rosemary, and teetrea. As a single herb oil, both rosemary and teetrea also had an anti-microbial effect by itself, and we can expect that the blended oil mixture may exert a synergistic effect against multidrug resistant bacteria, suggesting its future application in natural preservative agents for health food and cosmetics.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate which herbs and herbal formulae are frequently used for the treatment of osteoporosis since 2000. Methods : We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, Scopus, KISS, Korea MED, KERIS, Kmbase, Dbpia, J-STAGE, CNKI, J Oriental Rehab Med., J Korean Oriental Med., J Oriental Gynecol. using search key words osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone density and bone loss combined with herbal, botanical plant and phytomedicine. Results : 73 studies were reconfirmed and 83 herbs have been found. For single herb, most of them were categorized into Boyik-yak(補益藥, Buyi-yao). For herbal formulae, various herbal formulae are used. Calculating each herb in consisted in each herbal formula, Angelica Gigas Radix(當歸) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃) turned out to be the most frequently used herb. Conclusions : Further studies regarding herbal medicines on osteoporosis are needed.