• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.6169-6187
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• 2017

With the fast growth of mobile services, Mobile Cloud Computing(MCC) has gained a great deal of attention from researchers in the academic and industrial field. User authentication and privacy are significant issues in MCC environment. Recently, Tsai and Lo proposed a privacy-aware authentication scheme for distributed MCC services, which claimed to support mutual authentication and user anonymity. However, Irshad et.al. pointed out this scheme cannot achieve desired security goals and improved it. Unfortunately, this paper shall show that security features of Irshad et.al.'s scheme are achieved at the price of multiple time-consuming operations, such as three bilinear pairing operations, one map-to-point hash function operation, etc. Besides, it still suffers from two minor design flaws, including incapability of achieving three-factor security and no user revocation and re-registration. To address these issues, an enhanced and provably secure authentication scheme for distributed MCC services will be designed in this work. The proposed scheme can meet all desirable security requirements and is able to resist against various kinds of attacks. Moreover, compared with previously proposed schemes, the proposed scheme provides more security features while achieving lower computation and communication costs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.326-328
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• 1995

SiC buffer layers were grown on Si(100) substrates by ultra-high-vacuum electron cryclotron resonance plasma (UHV ECR plasma) from $CH_4/H_2$ mixture at 700$^{\circ}C$. The electron densities and temperature were measured by single probe. The axial plasma potentials measured by emissive probe had the double layer structure at positive substrate bias. Piranha cleaning was carried out as ex-situ wet cleaning. Clean and smooth silicon surface were prepared by in-situ hydrogen plasma cleaning at 540$^{\circ}C$. A short exposure to hydrogen plasma transforms the Si surface from 1$\times$1 to 2$\times$1 reconstruction. It was monitored by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The defect densities were analysed by the dilute Schimmel etching. The results showed that the substrate bias is important factor in hydrogen plasma cleaning. The low base pressure ($5\times10^{-10}$ torr) restrains the $SiO_2$ growth on silicon surface. The grown layers showed different characteristics at various substrate bias. RHEED and K-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that grown layer was SiC.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.821-827
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• 2019

Aging is the most important single risk factor for many chronic diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting aging itself might, therefore, be a better strategy than targeting each chronic disease individually for enhancing human health. Although much should be achieved for completely understanding the biological basis of aging, cellular senescence is now believed to mainly contribute to organismal aging via two independent, yet not mutually exclusive mechanisms: on the one hand, senescence of stem cells leads to exhaustion of stem cells and thus decreases tissue regeneration. On the other hand, senescent cells secrete many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, collectively termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which causes chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Much effort has been recently made to therapeutically target detrimental effects of cellular senescence including selectively eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) and modulating a proinflammatory senescent secretome (senostatics). Here, we discuss current progress and limitations in understanding molecular mechanisms of senolytics and senostatics and therapeutic strategies for applying them. Furthermore, we propose how these novel interventions for aging treatment could be improved, based on lessons learned from cancer treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.57-68
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• 1985

Theories of capital have historically been amongst the most fertile sources of economic controversy. Many aspects of the modern debate, if not the techniques employed in its exposition, would have been as familiar to Marx, Ricardo, Bohm-Bawerk or Wicksell as to any present-day Cambridge economist. That conotroversies should arise in the course of theorizing cm the concept of capital and the function of profit is not surprising: that these debates have been so vigorous and virluent cannot be divorced from the general ideological and specific implications associated with the theories. In the context of a textbook on the theories of economic growth, the central question associated with capital that must he faced is whether the existence in the real world of heterogeneous capital goods inevitably invalidate; the conclusions of simple theories of "parables" which incorporate no more than a conception of a single, malleable, capital good. All the Cambridge writers have, to a greater or lesser extent, been concerned to deny that any unit can be found in which heterogeneous capital goods can be aggregated so as to simultaneously satisfy the pair of neoclassical requirements described above. Some of them have been more prepared than others to countenance such a possibility or, for practical purposes, to use some concept of aggregate capital in their models, but they are all deeply suspicious of attempts to use aggregate production function, incorporating aggregate "capital", so as to explain the flow of output, relative factor prices and the distribution of income.tribution of income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to enhancement of happiness by identifying factors affecting the subjective happiness among Korean adolescents by family type. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2020). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting adolescent happiness by family type. Results: As a result, the factors that commonly affect the subjective happiness of adolescents for all family types were identified as economic status, academic performance, perceived stress, and loneliness. Additional factors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents of both Korean two-parent and single parent families were sleep and subjective health status. Financial assistance, number of toilets, breakfast, exercise, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were also reported for Korean two-parent families. Conclusion: This study provided empirical basic data for enhancing adolescent happiness in consideration of priority targets and family composition characteristics by identifying factors affecting subjective happiness by family type. Adolescent happiness is a factor that should be actively pursued at home, school, and society, and it should be the goal of education for holistic growth of students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.89-97
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• 2022

The e-commerce market faces significant credit risks due to the complexity of the industry and information asymmetries. Therefore, credit risk has started to stymie the growth of e-commerce. However, there is no reliable system for evaluating the creditworthiness of e-commerce companies. Therefore, this paper constructs a credit risk evaluation index system that comprehensively considers the online and offline behavior of online retail enterprises, including 15 indicators that reflect online credit risk and 15 indicators that reflect offline credit risk. This paper establishes an integration method based on a fuzzy integral support vector machine, which takes the factor analysis results of the credit risk evaluation index system of online retail enterprises as the input and the credit risk evaluation results of online retail enterprises as the output. The classification results of each sub-classifier and the importance of each sub-classifier decision to the final decision have been taken into account in this method. Select the sample data of 1500 online retail loan customers from a bank to test the model. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a single SVM and traditional SVMs aggregation technique via majority voting in terms of classification accuracy, which provides a basis for banks to establish a reliable evaluation system.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the premium hamburger market, which has recently become popular, the effect of the importance of the customer selection attribute of premium hamburgers on customer satisfaction, and the effect of customer satisfaction on repurchase intention. Existing research has focused on the importance of the selection attributes of premium hamburgers. Quality, convenience, experience, and presentation visuals were selected as customer selection attributes. This study analyzed 158 customers who had purchased and tasted premium hamburgers. To verify reliability and validity, a confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity analysis were performed, and a path analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the quality, convenience, experience, and presentation visuals of premium hamburgers had a statistically significant effect on satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction was verified to have a significant effect on repurchase intention. Customers' preference for premium burgers will continue to increase, thanks to the growth in national income, single-person families, and healthy food wellness. It was empirically proven that the selection attributes of premium burgers have a statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction and that satisfaction significantly affects repurchase intention. This study broadens the research horizon and has practical implications.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: As a modern distribution channel, the growth of e-commerce has brought more competitive pressures on e-marketplace, making trust and loyalty become top priority. As one of many sources of trust and loyalty issues, understanding the effect of careless marketing communications on consumers' perception is critical. This study examines the effect of careless marketing communications (e.g. misspellings, incomplete information) in website on consumers' trust toward and confidence in purchasing a product from an e-commerce. Research design and methodology: An experimental research design (with two experimental studies) was used in to test the hypotheses. Study 1 employs a single-factor design and study 2 employs a 2x2, full-factorial, between-subjects design. Results: Results of the two experimental studies (Study 1, n = 60; Study 2, n = 140) demonstrate that simple mistakes significantly decrease consumers' trust toward an e-commerce and their confidence to purchase from the e-commerce. The effect is found to be significant in the case of high-involvement products; whereas no effect is found in low-involvement products. Conclusions: E-commerce relies heavily on carefully crafted marketing communications to establish consumers' trust and confidence. These studies confirm the equal importance of distribution and communication in maintaining consumers' trust and sustainability of the business.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1017-1023
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• 2022

Past research shows that the construction of new infrastructure accelerates economic growth in the region by attracting more people and commodities. However, the previous studies only considered large-scale infrastructures such as sea-cross bridges and channel tunnels. There is a paucity of literature on regional infrastructure and its impact on socio-economic indicators. This paper explores the impact of new bridge construction on the human population, particularly focusing on regional bridges constructed during the 2000s in the state of Georgia. The human population at a county level was selected as a single socio-economic factor to be evaluated. A total of 124 cases were investigated as to whether the emergence of a new bridge affected the population change. The interrupted time series analysis was used to statistically examine the significance of population change due to the construction by treating each new bridge as an intervention event. The results show that, out of the 124 cases, the population of 67 cases significantly increased after the bridge construction, while the population of 57 cases was not affected by the construction at a significance level of 0.05. The 124 cases were also analyzed by route type, functional class, and traffic volume, but the results revealed, unlike large-scale infrastructure, that no clear evidence was found that a new bridge would bring an increase in the human population at a county level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs $10.1-12.4{\mu}mol/L$), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs $2.16-2.54{\mu}IU/mL$) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.