• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

Bacterial chemotaxis is essential to the study of structure and function of bacteria. Although many studies have accumulated the knowledge about chemotaxis in the past, the motion of a single bacterium has not been studied much yet. In this study, we have developed a device microfabricated by soft lithography and consisting of microfluidic channels. The microfluidic assay generates a concentration gradient of chemoattractant linearly in the main channel by only diffusion of the chemicals. Bacteria are injected into the main channel in a single row by hydrodynamic focusing technique. We measured the velocity of bacteria in response to a given concentration gradient of chemoattractant using the microfludic assay, optical systems with CCD camera and simple PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) algorithm. The advantage of this assay and experiment is to measure the velocity of a single bacterium and to quantify the degree of chemotaxis by statistically analyzing the velocity at the same time. Specifically, we measured and analyzed the motility of Escherichia coli strain RP437 in response to various concentration gradients of L-aspartate statistically and quantitatively by using this microfluidic assay. We obtained the probability density of the velocity while RP437 cells are swimming and tumbling in the presence of the linear concentration gradient of L-aspartate, and quantified the degree of chemotaxis by analyzing the probability density.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is focused on analyzing the key reasons why One-brand Shop has been shrinking and Multi-brand shop is rising from the perspective of the trend changes of customer behavior and distribution channel in the Korean cosmetic market. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the attractiveness of cosmetics distribution channels from a store perspective and a consumer perspective. Research methodology: This study conducted a survey to define the factors that influence the attractiveness of cosmetics distribution channels. A total of 300 samples were investigated. Results: The store factors that influence the attractiveness of the cosmetics distribution channel were product quality, shopping convenience, and store accessibility in the group of single-brand store preferences, and product diversity and store experience in the group of multi-brand store preferences. Conclusions: Core competing factors of One-brand shop include product value, shopping convenience and accessibility. In contrast, Multi-Brand shops offer core competing factors of diversified product portfolio and shop function experience. A new trend has been found that the customer segments of the price-oriented group and the pleasure-oriented group have become the mainstream segments in the Korean cosmetic market. In conclusion, Multi-brand Shops are suggesting better overall customer experiences in terms of distribution channel attractiveness and customer values.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Purpose: Understanding the distribution channel is a foundational element of successful hotel revenue management. This study aims to assess hotel distribution network partnerships and develops a model that can be utilized to ensure hoteliers are not becoming increasingly reliant on a single channel, optimize their market exposure, and maximize their portion of the overall worth of the network. Research design, data and methodology: This study utilizes a grounded theory approach to form a theoretical model by analyzing and examining the current practice of hotel distribution management through interviews with 15 stakeholders in Indonesia, such as hoteliers, online travel agents, wholesalers, and connectivity managers. Results: Based on data analysis, we describe hotel distribution elements, revenue team, managed channels, and channel prioritization for a different type of hotel. Finally, we propose a distribution channel model that comprises hotel teams, customer types, indirect channels, and direct channels. Conclusions: The model contributes to the literature by exploring the options of distribution channels for various hotel types to support hotel revenue management practice. By utilizing our model, practitioners can have a complete picture regarding the strategic choice of the channel by considering their hotel capacity and market target.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2000년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.199-204
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 DS-CDMA하향링크에 적용할 수 있는 단일사용자 수신기에 관하여 연구하였다. DS-CDMA 하향링크에서는 주로 Wallsh 부호를 사용하는데 다중경로 페이딩(multhpath fading)에 의한 다중접속간섭(MAI)에 의하여 확산부호의 직교성을 잃게된다. 본 논문에서는 선형 채널 등화기를 통하여 다중경로 페이딩 채널을 등화 시킴으로써 직교부호의 직교성을 복구한 후 부호-정합 필터(code-matched filter)를 통해 데이터를 복조하였다. 기존의 연구는 주로 이상적인 채널정보를 가정하였는데 본 논문에서는 채널추정을 위하여 파일 채널을 사용하였다. 특히 채널 추정의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 사용자 신호에 주기적으로 보호심볼을 삽입함으로써 이상적인 채널정보와 큰 차이가 없게 하였다. 성능분석결과 기존의 RAKE 수신기보다 성능이 뛰어났으며 특히 사용자가 많을 경우에도 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2010

Cavitation is described by formation and collapse of the bubbles in a liquid when the ambient pressure decreases. Formed bubbles grow and collapse by change of pressure, and when they collapse, shockwave by high pressure is generated. In general, bubble behavior can be described by Rayleigh-Plesset equation under adiabatic or isothermal condition and hence, phase shift by the pressure change in a bubble cannot be considered in the equation. In our study, a numerical model is developed from the mathematical model considering the phase shift from the previous study. In the developed numerical model, size of single spherical bubble is calculated by the change of mass calculated from the change of the ambient pressure in a liquid. The developed numerical model is verified by a case of liquid flow in a narrow channel.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

In this study, the channel and floodplain widths are indirectly measured for three different watersheds using satellite images to reflect the shape of Korean channels in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. For measuring the channel and floodplain widths, multiple satellite images were referred to ensure the widest width of certain points. In the single channel, the widths at the multiple points were measured. Based on the measured data, the regression equations were derived to estimate the channel and floodplain widths according to watershed areas. Applying these developed equations, this study evaluated the effect of the change of channel and floodplain widths on the SWAT simulation by comparing to the measured streamflow data. The developed equations estimated larger channel width and smaller floodplain compared with those calculated in the current SWAT model. As shown in the results, there was no considerable changes in the predicted streamflow using the current and developed equations. However, the flow velocity and channel depth calculated from the developed equations were smaller than those of the current equations. The differences were caused by the effect of different channel geometries used for calculating the hydraulic characteristics. The channel geometries also affected the water quality simulation in channels because the hydraulic characteristics calculated by the channel geometries are directly related to the water quality simulation. Therefore, application of the river cross-sectional regression equation reflecting the domestic stream shape is necessary for accurate water quantity / quality and water ecosystem simulation using hydrological model.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2751-2761
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• 1994

A numerical investigation on the three-dimensional laminar natural convection heat transfer in the periodically fully developed PCB channel has been performed. When heat generating blocks mounted on the adiabatic wall make a channel with their facing shrouding wall, the flow inside the channel becomes periodically fully developed. A single module in the periodically fully developed region is chosen for computational domain in order to save computer storage and computational time. The periodic boundary condition is applied in the anlaysis. The effects of the parameters such as the Rayleigh number, the number of the modules, and the height of channel are examined to obtain the optimum condition for the enhancement of the cooling effectiveness. The result shows that the cooling effect is improved with increasing Rayleigh number and channel height, and decreasing the number of the module. The result also indicates that increasing the height of the channel and number of the module is recommended for a limited space.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1275-1282
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• 2012

This paper proposes the 16-channel LED Driver IC for Full color LED display system. The proposed LED driver IC in this paper can draw current independent of temperature and supply voltage in each channel. Current flow in the channel is configurable via an external resistor. LED brightness is adjusted by 12-Bit PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) and 8-Bit DC(Dot Correction). A real-time monitoring of IC temperature ($130^{\circ}C/150^{\circ}C$) and LED status (open/short) is provided by LED driver IC and the user can receive warning and get information on problems. A 16-channel LED driver IC is produced using 0.35 um BCD process and the size is $2.5mm{\times}2.5mm$. In this paper, channel current characteristic and channel current control function were measured in order to verify am embodied 16-channel LED driver IC by producing a single IC test board.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1517-1522
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• 2007

간극결합(intercellular channel)은 인접하는 두 세포사이에 형성된 이온채널이며 이를 통해서 각종 이온, 이차 신호전달물질, 그리고 1 kDa 미만의 대사물질들이 통과한다. 아울러, sodium 혹은 potassium 이온채널처럼 반쪽의 간극결합(connexon 혹은 hemichannel)도 세포막채널로서 작용을 한다. 현재까지 간극결합을 구성하는 connexin (Cx) 단위체는 26종류 이상이 확인되었다. 이 가운데, Cx32, Cx38, Cx46 그리고 Cx50 만이 간극결합채널뿐만 아니라 세포막채널로서도 기능을 수행한다. Xenopus oocytes에서 connexin 38 (Cx38)이 발현하는 것으로 알려져 있지만 Cx38의 생물리학적 특성이 단일채널수준에서 연구가 진행된 경우는 없다. 이번 연구에서는 Cx38 채널의 생물리학적 특성, 즉 전압-의존적 개폐와 투과성(전기전도도와 이온선택성)을 알아보고자 단일채널기록을 수행하였다. Cx38 hemichannel은 전압-의존적인 빠른 개폐와 느린 개폐의 특성을 보였다. 양성전압 환경에서는 Cx38 채널이 낮은 열릴 확률(open probability)로 빠른 개폐가 유도된 반면, 음성전압에서는 느린 개폐가 높은 열릴 확률로 유도되었다. bi-ionic 실험을 통하여, Cx38 채널은 양이온보다 음이온을 더 선택 적으로 통과시킨다는 점을 알게 되었다. Cx38의 아미노산서열을 살펴보면, 아미노말단부위에 전하를 띠는 5개의 아미노산 잔기가 존재한다. 앞으로 이들 잔기를 치환시킨 돌연변이 Cx38 채널을 이용하여 과연 이들 아미노산 부위가 전압-의존적 개폐와 투과성에 관여하는 지 여부를 조사하는 연구는 매우 흥미로운 결과를 도출할 것으로 기대한다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

공학적 목적의 지반조사에 양질의 자료를 제공하기 위해서는 여러 가지 조사들이 동시에 수행되어야 하고 또한 통합적인 해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 천해저에서 지층 경계에 대한 분해능이 뛰어나며 지층 형태 파악이 용이한 2개의 부머와 단일채널 스트리머를 이용한 탄성파탐사 반사법과 지층의 물리적 특성 가운데 중요한 성질인 탄성파 속도를 구할 수 있도록 한 개의 에어건과 4 m 간격의 24채널 해저면 수신케이블을 제작하여 이용한 굴절법을 동시에 수행함으로써 보다 정확한 지질정보 획득을 시도하였다. 단일채널 반사법 탐사자료는 통상적인 전산처리과정을 통하여 해상도 및 품질이 향상된 2차원 고해상 탄성파 단면도를 얻었고, OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable) type의 수진기를 이용하여 얻은 굴절법 탐사자료는 토모그래피 방법을 통하여 속도 단면도를 구하였다. 두 가지 탐사 결과에 대한 통합적인 해석 단계로서 반사법 탄성파 단면도는 굴절법에서 얻은 속도정보를 이용하여 심도 전환된 단면도를 얻었고, 이로부터 3차원 기반암 심도 단면도와 퇴적층 두께 분포도 등에 대한 정보를 도출할 수 있었다. 천해저 지반조사 분야에 본 연구에서 제시한 방법을 이용하면 보다 정확하고 신뢰성 높은 지질정보가 파악될 것으로 사료된다.