• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 1981

A doppler log is the typical device which can measure the ship's speed over the ground directly, by means of doppler effect of the underwater ultrasonic wave, which involves the error due to the sea bottom inclination, the trim and the incorrect transducer installation etc. The present doppler log adopts a single transducer, faced in the direction of themain beam, and therefore it is unable to correct the beam direction to eliminate the above mentioned error. Moreover, the frequencyis also limitted in a comparatively high range for getting a sharp beam with single transducer, and the speed over the ground can not be detectable at the deep sea, for an instance, over 200 meters. This paper describes a theoretical consideration for the doppler log error and an analysis by a computer on the observed speed data by a full size model ship. The result is verified that the most of doppler log error is caused by the ultrasonic beam angle of transducer. To eliminate the doppler log error due to the incorrect transducer installation and also to sharpen the beam for lower frequency range to expand measurable sea depth, this paper proposes a method of controlling the directivity adopting a linear transducer array and of controlling the directivity by the control of exciting current, and investigates by the computer simulation and make experiment with magnetostrictive ferrite transducer of 28, 50 and 75KHz. The experimental results are shown well coincide with the measured ones, and they are revealed that in case where the transducer interval is greater than 1 wavelength, the effective control of the beam direction is hardly performed with keeping adequate beam width and side lobe level. It is concluded that 6-elements array with inter element space of a half wavelength can make comparatively sharp beam and low side lobe level. The results obtained here will contribute very much to the improvement of the performance of doppler log.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
• /
• pp.321-321
• /
• 2000

This paper presents a sliding mode controller based on variable structure for the tip position control of a single-link flexible manipulator. Dynamic equations of a single-link flexible manipulator are derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation using a Lagrangian assumed modes method based on Bernoulli-Euler Beam theory. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of the system modeling, controller design.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.143-144
• /
• 2015

Here we report the Ar-ion milling rates of ultrathin Si and GaAs single crystals. The thickness change is measured using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) technique with the help of Bloch wave simulation method. This study suggests the experimental procedures to determine the references for an etching rate to reduce a sample thickness or to remove the damaged sample surface using Ar-ion source.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2007

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) has been widely studied for biological and chemical sensing applications. The present study conducts numerical simulation for the single and bimetallic layer SPR configurations by using the multiple beam interference matrix(MBIM) method to investigate the influence of wave interference and complex refractive indices of materials on optical characteristics such as reflectance and optical phase shift which are used for sensing. First, calculated reflectances are compared with experimental data for validation. In addition, in the single film structures this study finds out the appropriate film thicknesses with minimum reflectance for cases of gold film and silver film. For a bimetallic silver-gold film structure, in particular, the bimetallic film thicknesses that has the minimum reflectance are found 36 nm for silver and 5 nm for gold. From the results, the use of phase shift would be useful compared to reflectance in determining the SPR configuration because the phase shift becomes more sensitive than reflectance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제39A권1호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 ESPAR 안테나를 사용하여 다이버시티 이득을 얻기 위한 수신기를 제안한다. 수신 신호의 방향이 추정될 경우 추정된 신호의 각에 근접하는 빔을 OFDM 심볼 주기 동안 순차적으로 형성하여 수신함으로써 다이버시티 이득을 얻는다. 제안하는 수신기는 다이버시티 이득을 얻기 위해 단 1개의 RF 체인을 사용한다. 그러나 이러한 방법으로 빔의 방향을 바꾸면서 신호를 수신 할 경우 신호의 스펙트럼이 확장되어 ICI(inter-channel interference)가 발생된다. 이러한 ICI는 주파수 영역의 등화기를 이용하여 등화 할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 추정 된 DoA가 $60^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$일 때 OFDM 심볼 주기 동안 $60^{\circ}$의 빔과 $120^{\circ}$의 빔을 순차적으로 형성하여 신호를 수신한 결과 다이버시티 성능을 얻을 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.627-632
• /
• 2017

듀얼 헤드 갠트리(dual-head) 갠트리 방사선치료 시스템을 설계하기 위해 LINAC의 단일 헤드는 GATE를 예비 연구로 사용하여 모델링되었다. LINAC 헤드는 임상에서 사용되고 있는 VARIAN사를 대상으로 모델링되었다. LINAC 헤드에서 생성된 6MV의 광자선을 물 팬텀에 조사하여 빔의 특성을 평가하였다. GATE 시뮬레이션은 X- 선 스펙트럼을 생성한 후 물 팬텀에 광자선을 조사하였다. 결과로는 백분율 깊이 선량 과 빔의 프로파일을 평가하였으며, $5{\times}5$와 $10{\times}10cm^2$에서 수행하였다. 빔 품질이 검증 된 후 듀얼 헤드 갠트리(dual head gantry) 방사선치료 시스템을 시뮬레이션 한 후 팬텀(phantom)을 이용한 선량 분포 측면에서 LINAC 시스템의 단일 헤드와 비교하였다. 듀얼 헤드 갠트리 방사선치료 시스템은 단일 헤드 방사선치료 시스템에 비해 방사선치료의 효율 면에서 40~60% 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 듀얼 헤드 방사선치료 시스템은 방사선치료 및 치료시간을 줄일 수 있을 것이 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.149-166
• /
• 2013

Flexible behaviors in new aerospace structures can lead to a degradation of their control and guidance system and undesired performance. The objectives of the current work are to analyze the vibration resulting from the propulsion force on a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) launch vehicle (LV). This is modeled as a follower force on a free-free Euler-Bernoulli beam consisting of two concentrated masses at the two free ends. Once the effects on the oscillation of the actuators are studied, a solution to reduce these oscillations will also be developed. To pursue this goal, the stability of the beam model is studied using Ritz method. It is determined that the transverse and rotary inertia of the concentrated masses cause a change in the critical follower force. A new dynamic model and an adaptive control system for an SSTO LV have been developed that allow the aerospace structure to run on its maximum bearable propulsion force with the optimum effects on the oscillation of its actuators. Simulation results show that such a control model provides an effective way to reduce the undesirable oscillations of the actuators.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2021

850 nm 대역의 발진 파장을 갖는 GaAs/AlGaAs 다중양자우물 레이저 다이오드의 lateral-mode 특성과 이 특성이 출력 광파워 kink에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 전기적-열적-광학적 시뮬레이션을 self-consistent하게 수행하고, 제작된 레이저 다이오드 소자들을 측정하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 높은 출력 파워에서도 single lateral-mode를 유지해서 좋은 beam quality를 유지할 수 있는 최적의 P-cladding 두께를 결정하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.221-232
• /
• 2019

Material non-linearity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures is studied by modelling concrete using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) theory. The stress-strain data of concrete in compression is modelled using the Hsu model. The structures are analyzed using a finite element approach by modelling them in ABAQUS / CAE. Single bay single storey RC frames, designed according to Indian Standard (IS):456:2000 and IS:13920:2016 are considered for assessing their maximum load carrying capacity and failure behavior under the influence of gravity loads and lateral loads. It is found that the CDP model is effective in predicting the failure behaviors of RC frame structures. Under the influence of the lateral load, the structure designed according to IS:13920 had a higher load carrying capacity when compared with the structure designed according to IS:456. Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) strip is used for strengthening the columns and beam column joints of the RC frame individually against lateral loads. 10mm and 20mm thick strips are adopted for the numerical simulation of RC column and beam-column joint. Results obtained from the study indicated that UHPFRC with two different thickness strips acts as a very good strengthening material in increasing the load carrying capacity of columns and beam-column joint by more than 5%. UHPFRC also improved the performance of the RC frames against lateral loads with an increase of more than 3.5% with the two different strips adopted. 20 mm thick strip is found to be an ideal size to enhance the load carrying capacity of the columns and beam-column joints. Among the strengthening locations adopted in the study, column strengthening is found to be more efficient when compared with the beam column joint strengthening.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.71-89
• /
• 2012

The paper investigates beam lateral buckling stability according to linear and non-linear models. Closed form solutions for single-symmetric cross sections are first derived according to a non-linear model considering flexural-torsional coupling and pre-buckling deformation effects. The closed form solutions are compared to a beam finite element developed in large torsion. Effects of pre-buckling deflection and gradient moment on beam stability are not well known in the literature. The strength of singly symmetric I-beams under gradient moments is particularly investigated. Beams with T and I cross-sections are considered in the study. It is concluded that pre-buckling deflections effects are important for I-section with large flanges and analytical solutions are possible. For beams with T-sections, lateral buckling resistance depends not only on pre-buckling deflection but also on cross section shape, load distribution and buckling modes. Effects of pre-buckling deflections are important only when the largest flange is under compressive stresses and positive gradient moments. For negative gradient moments, all available solutions fail and overestimate the beam strength. Numerical solutions are more powerful. Other load cases are investigated as the stability of continuous beams. Under arbitrary loads, all available solutions fail, and recourse to finite element simulation is more efficient.