• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Most 3D displays that are currently in the market adopt the binocular disparity method creating a different image for the left and right eye for a 3 dimensional effect. However, commercialized 3D image output devices lack in performance making it uncomfortable for the viewer and restrict the viewer to certain positions. In this paper, we propose a single-cell polarized lens type stereoscopic system which has a smaller viewing angle and reduced crosstalk, with improved light penetration compared to existing double-cell structures; and analyzed the single-cell polarized lens type stereoscopic system properties, and conducted an effect analysis of performance improvement compared to the dual-cell type. Results showed that the single-cell type had a 25% improved performance, and the 3D crosstalk index which is an important index for quality characteristics of stereoscopic systems, increased over about 37%, compared to the dual-cell type.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.224-229
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• 1996

Performance characteristics of single cell in phosphoric acid fuel cell were studied for various electrode fabrication parameters such as teflon content, electrode structure, thickness of electrocatalyst layer, platinum content and electrode area. The performance of single cell was decided from the measured voltage-current through a load change. The electrode of 40wt.% teflon exhibited high initial performance of single cell, but in the long term operation, the cell performance of 45 wt.% teflon was better. Also the single cell appeared good performance in case of electrodes with duplicate structure, thin electrocatalyst in thickness, more platinum content, and small area. These results of cell performance were discussed as related to the electrolyte flooding, formation of 3 phase boundary area, internal resistance of electrode, and microstructure of electrode.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.283-284
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• 2017

Single cell transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool for defining cell types or sub-populations within a heterogeneous bulk population. Tumor-associated microenvironment is a complex ecosystem consisting of numerous cell types that support tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis. With the success of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the immune cell compartment, tumor microenvironment is emerging as a potential anti-cancer target, and understanding it has become an imminent subject in cancer biology.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.6
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• 2020

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied to provide insights into the cell-by-cell expression difference in a given bulk sample. Accordingly, numerous analysis methods have been developed. As it involves simultaneous analyses of many cell and genes, efficiency of the methods is crucial. The conventional cell type annotation method is laborious and subjective. Here we propose a semi-automatic method that calculates a normalized score for each cell type based on user-supplied cell type-specific marker gene list. The method was applied to a publicly available scRNA-seq data of mouse cardiac non-myocyte cell pool. Annotating the 35 t-stochastic neighbor embedding clusters into 12 cell types was straightforward, and its accuracy was evaluated by constructing co-expression network for each cell type. Gene Ontology analysis was congruent with the annotated cell type and the corollary regulatory network analysis showed upstream transcription factors that have well supported literature evidences. The source code is available as an R script upon request.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1707-1709
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• 1996

For the improvement of the performance and life time of phosphoric acid fuel cell, the management of electrolyte in the electrocatalyst layer and electrolyte matrix in the cell structure is very important. Porous bipolar pinto structure, that is known as an advanced type, is generally used for the storage of electrolyte in the cell. In this paper, the single cell was made of the electrode by coating directly electrocatalyst layer on porous bipolar plate. The single cell showed $186\;mA/cm^2$ at 0.6V. This performance is similar to the performance of the conventional nonporous plate single cell. The technology of porous plate single cell could be directly used to the fabrication of stack in order to improve the performance and life time of phosphoric acid fuel cell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2003

Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to detect DNA single strand break in blood cells from several marine fish species. Three fish species were collected from Georgia coastal area. Mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus showed higher DNA damage than sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus and trout, Oncorhynchus masou masou under the same experimental conditions. Mummichogs had more alkaline-labile sites on their DNA than other fish species. The comet assay with mummichog blood cells at pH 12.5 showed a dose-response curve with the increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. While the isolated leucocytes showed no increase of DNA damage after in vitro exposure to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), erythrocytes showed dose-dependent DNA damage. These results indicate that the comet assay can be applied successfully as a bioassay using erythrocyte for environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2002

The characteristics of the AISI bipolar plates have been investigated to replace the expensive graphite bipolar plates. It was found from the contact resistance evaluation of graphites, composites, and AISI that the contact resistance of AISI was the lowest, but it could approach to that of composites at higher compression forces. The single cell operation using the AISI bipolar plates revealed that the lower performance of the AISI single cell compared to the graphite one was due to not only the higher contact resistance but the flooding effect caused by high wettability of AISI. The performance of the AISI single cell could be improved if the channels were modified appropriately. The large size AISI single cell was operated to investigated the size effect on the performance.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.554-559
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• 2015

Single cell of PEMFC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) is composed of bipolar plates, gasket, GDL and the MEA. Bipolar plate's function is the collecting electricity, helping oxygen/hydrogen gas diffuse evenly and draining the water and heat. In this work, we have conducted experiments to low contact resistance and improve the performance of a $25cm^2$ single cell by using metal forms. We have following experimental cases: 1) Conventional graphite serpentine channel bipolar plate; 2) Channel-less bipolar plate with nickel(Ni) based metal foam which coated by various materials. We focused the difference in contact resistance and performance of the single cell with metal foam depending on various coating materials. The experimental results show the similar performance of single cells between with serpentine channel bipolar plates and with channel-less bipolar plate using metal foams. In addition, single cell with metal foam shows potential to higher performance than conventional channel.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2019

Intratumor heterogeneity within a single tumor mass is one of the hallmarks of malignancy and has been reported in various tumor types. The molecular characterization of intratumor heterogeneity in breast cancer is a significant challenge for effective treatment. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a public resource, an ERBB pathway activated triple-negative cell population was identified. The differential expression of three subtyping marker genes (ERBB2, ESR1, and PGR) was not changed in the bulk RNA-seq data, but the single-cell transcriptomes showed intratumor heterogeneity. This result shows that ERBB signaling is activated using an indirect route and that the molecular subtype is changed on a single-cell level. Our data propose a different view on breast cancer subtypes, clarifying much confusion in this field and contributing to precision medicine.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17.1-17.6
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• 2018

Tumor heterogeneity, the cellular mosaic of multiple lineages arising from the process of clonal evolution, has continued to thwart multi-omics analyses using traditional bulk sequencing methods. The application of single-cell sequencing, in concert with existing genomics methods, has enabled high-resolution interrogation of the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome. Applied to cancers, these single-cell multi-omics methods bypass previous limitations on data resolution and have enabled a more nuanced understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of tumor progression, immune evasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This review details the growing number of novel single-cell multi-omics methods applied to tumors and further discusses recent discoveries emerging from these approaches, especially in regard to immunotherapy.