• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.311-315
• /
• 2005

농약 제품의 제조기업에서는 여러 가지 제품을 연속적으로 생산하고 있으므로 품질관리를 위한 동시 또는 연속적인 제품분석의 필요성이 있다. 본 연구는 생산현장에서 신속하고 정확한 제품의 품질관리를 위하여 일정한 분석기기 조건에서 각각의 성분을 혼합하여 한번주입으로 여러 성분을 동시에 분석할 수 있는 다성분 동시분석에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 대상농약은 iprobenfos 17%GR, isoprothiolane 12%GR, tebufenozide 20%SC를 선정하여 GLC와 HPLC를 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. GLC를 이용한 분석에서는 iprobenfos와 isoprothiolane 등 2성분이 동시분석 가능하였으나, tebufenozide는 검출이 되지 않아 분석이 불가능하였다. HPLC를 이용한 분석에서는 iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, tebufenozide 등 3성분 모두 동시분석이 가능하였다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.300-314
• /
• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of eighteen marker compounds in traditional Korean formula, Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD). In addition, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of CWBSD. Eighteen marker components were separated on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and kept at $45^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. The antioxidant activities of CWBSD were assessed by measuring free radical scavenging activities on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The calibration curves of all analytes showed good linearity (correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.9937$) within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for the 18 marker compounds were 0.01-4.71 ng/mL and 0.03-14.13 ng/mL, respectively. The contents of the 18 compounds in CWBSD extract ranged from none to $1701.00{\mu}g/g$. The CWBSD showed the radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% reduction ($RC_{50}$) against ABTS and DPPH radicals were $149.42{\mu}g/mL$ and $339.24{\mu}g/mL$.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 2016

Hyangso-san is a traditional herbal medicine that consists of the seven herbal medicines, Cyperi Rhizoma, Perillae Folium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, and Allii Fistulosi Bulbus. Hyangso-san has long been clinically used to treat the influenza, including headache, ferver, chills, and pantalgia. In this study, we were performed the simultaneous analysis of the 15 marker compounds (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, glycyrrhizin, nobiletin, 6-gingerol, elemicin, atractylenolide III, nootkatone, and atractylenolide I) in Hyangso-san using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Column for the separation of the 15 ingredients was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ by using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient condition. Identifications of all analytes were performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was ${\geq}0.9958$. The values of limits of detection and quantification of the 15 components were 0.002-4.29 and 0.01-12.88 ng/mL, respectively. The result of an analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, kaempferol and atractylenolide I were not detected, while other 13 compounds were 0.08-56.87 mg/g in lyophilized Hyangso-san sample.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2004

Quantifying rates of microbial processes under subsurface conditions is difficult, and is most commonly approximated by laboratory studies using aquifer materials. In this study a single-well, 'push-pull' test method is adapted for the in situ determination of denitrification rates in groundwater aquifers. The rates of stepwise reduction of nitrate to nitrite, nitrous oxide, and molecular nitrogen were determined by performing a series of push-pull tests at an experimental well field of Korea University. A single Transport Test, one Biostimulation Test, and four Activity Tests were conducted for this study. Transport tests are conducted to evaluate the mobility of solutes used in subsequent tests. These included bromide (a conservative tracer), fumarate (a carbon and/or source), and nitrate (an electron acceptor). At this site, extraction phase breakthrough curves for all solutes were similar, indicating apparent conservative transport of the solutes prior to biostimulation. Biostimulation tests were conducted to stimulate the activity of indigenous heterotrophic denitrifyinc microorganisms. Biostimulation was detected by the simultaneous production of carbon dioxide and nitrite after each injection. Activity tests were conducted to quantify rates of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide reduction. Estimated zero-order degradation rates decreased in the order nitrate '||'&'||'gt; nitrite '||'&'||'gt; nitrous oxide. The series of push-pull tests developed and field tested in this study should prove useful for conducting rapid, low-cost feasibi1ity assessments for in situ denitrification in nitrate-contaminated aquifers.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.1409-1418
• /
• 2014

Foundry has an important economic value in the industry. However, the generation of air pollutants like particulate and odor are serious. Due to the unavoidable usage of molding sand, particulate occurs in almost all the processes. That accounts for the majority of respirable dust in the size less than $10{\mu}m$ As well as particulate, over 22 species of odor-causing gases and VOCs including hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are occurred. Therefore, the development of equipment that can simultaneously remove TVOC and particulate is regarded as an essential research. In this study, the spraying absorbent system was connected with the shear bag filter for the purpose to remove TVOC and particulate simultaneously. Maximization of process efficiency for the affective factors like the powder combination and injection method is conducted. The experiment was performed at the de-molding process of one foundry plant. Through these devices, the removal efficiency of more than 95% for TVOC was achieved with the absorbent that composed by 800 mesh Activated carbon (80%) and 300 mesh zeolite (20%). Also, the durability and economic evaluation were assessed. In the result of Durability assessment, the available recovery to maintain the deodorizing effect at 90% was counted to 350 degree.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.92-101
• /
• 2016

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of the 25 marker components, including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, homogentisic acid, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, ferulic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, liquiritigenin, coumarin, cinnamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rb1, cinnamaldehyde, paeonol, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, evodiamine, rutecarpine, and spicatoside A in traditional Korean formula, Onkyung-tang. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was carried out using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive and negative modes. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. The correlation coefficient of all analytes in the test ranges was greater than 0.98. The limits of detection and quantification values of the 25 marker compounds were in the ranges 0.03-19.43 and 0.09-58.29 ng/mL, respectively. As a result, methyl gallate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, evodiamine, and rutecarpine were not detected in this sample and the concentrations of the 21 compounds except for the above 4 compounds were $33.09-3,496.32{\mu}g/g$ in Onkyung-tang decoction. Among these compounds, paeonol was detected at the highest amount as a $3,496.32{\mu}g/g$.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2014

An advanced and reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet detector (UV)/ion-trap time-of-flight (IT-TOF) mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 19 marker compounds in Bang-poong-tong-sung-san (BPTS), a traditional oriental prescription. Various parameters affecting HPLC separation and IT-TOF detection were investigated, and optimized conditions were identified. The separation was achieved on a Capcell PAK C18 column ($1.5mm{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$ particle size) using a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at $40^{\circ}C$ and the injection volume was $2{\mu}L$. IT-TOF system was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ESI) operating in positive or negative ion mode. The optimized electrospray ionization parameters were as follows: ion spray voltage, +4.5 kV (positive ion mode), or -3.5 kV (negative ion mode); drying gas ($N_2$), 1.5 L/min; heat block temperature, $200^{\circ}C$. Automatic $MS^n$ (n = 1~3) analyses were carried out to obtain structural information of analytes. Elemental compositions and their mass errors were calculated based on their accurate masses obtained from a formula predictor software. The marker compounds in BPTS were identified by comparisons between $MS^n$ spectra from standards and those from extracts. Moreover, the libraries of $MS^2$ and $MS^3$ spectra and accurate masses of parent and fragment ions for marker compounds were constructed. The developed method was successfully applied to the BPTS extracts and identified 17 out of 19 marker compounds in the BPTS extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

Hyperpolarization of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine is considered to be produced by the release of an unidentified chemical substance, an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Several chemicals have been proposed as the candidate for EDHF. However, none of them fulfil completely the nature and property of EDHF. Ultrastructural observation with electron microscope reveals that in some arteries, gap junctions are formed between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In small arterioles, injection of gap junction permeable dyes into an endothelial cell results in a distribution of the dye to surrounding cells including smooth muscle cells. These observations allow the speculation that myoendothelial gap junctions may have a functional significance. Simultaneous measurement of the electrical responses in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells using the double patch clamp method demonstrates that these two cell types are indeed electrically coupled, indicating that they behave as a functional syncytium. The EDHF-induced hyperpolarization is produced by an activation of $Ca^{2+}-sensitive\;K^+-channels$ that are inhibited by charybdotoxin and apamin. Agonists that release EDHF increase $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in endothelial cells but not in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of gap junctions with chemical agents abolishes the agonist-induced hyperpolarization in smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells. All these observations can be explained if EDHF is an electrotonic signal propagating from endothelium to smooth muscle cells through gap junctions.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2018

온라인 고체상 추출을 이용한 LC/MS/MS를 사용하여 carbaryl과 유기인계 농약 7 종을 동시에 분석하는 방법을 확립하였다. 분석 대상농약은 carbaryl, diazinon, methyl-demeton, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, phenthoate, EPN 등 8 종이다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 고체상 추출과 LC/MS/MS의 ESI positive mode로 전처리 없이 물 시료 $500{\mu}L$를 직접 주입하여 10분안에 분석하였다. 농약 8 종의 회수율은 86.8~100 % 였고, 정확도는 90.6~98.8 %로 90 %이상이었고, 정밀도는 1.3~5.2 %로 나타났으며 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 $0.05{\sim}0.28{\mu}g/L$, $0.16{\sim}0.89{\mu}g/L$ 였다. $0.5{\mu}g/L$에서 $8.0{\mu}g/L$까지 다섯 개의 농도로 검량선을 작성한 결과 모든 물질의 상관계수(r2)가 0.99이상을 나타냈다. 방법의 유효성 평가를 한 결과 모든 내용에서 적합하므로확립한 분석방법으로 수질 시료에서 농약을 조사한 결과 모두 검출되지 않았다.

• 대한척추외과학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.185-195
• /
• 2018

연구 계획: 문헌 조사 목적: 초음파를 이용한 중재 시술은 임상적으로 흔하게 경험할 수 있는 하요추부 통증이 보존적 치료에 실패한 경우 수술적 치료 이전에 흔하게 시행하게 되는 치료이다. 이 연구의 목적은 요추 및 천추부에 대한 초음파 유도하 중재 시술에 대해 고찰해 보고자 함에 있다. 선행 연구문헌의 요약: 초음파를 이용한 중재 요법은 근육, 인대, 건, 혈관, 신경 등의 연부조직을 직접 관찰할 수 있으며, 환자나 시술자에게 방사선 노출이 없고, 컴퓨터 단층 촬영이나 C형 투시검사 장비처럼 넓은 장소를 필요로 하지 않는 장점들을 가지고 있기 때문에 점차 그 사용이 늘고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 요추부의 정상, 비정상 초음파 소견과 요추 및 천추부에서 시행할 수 있는 초음파 유도하 중재 요법에 대하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 기술을 하였다. 결과: 요천추부의 정확한 초음파 중재 시술을 위해서는 검사 시 환자의 자세 및 해부학과 정상, 비정상 초음파 소견 등에 대한 숙지가 필요하다. 초음파를 이용하면 후방 관절 내 주사 및 내측 분지 차단술, 경막외 차단술, 선택적 신경근 차단술, 천장관절 주사를 효과적으로 시행할 수 있다. 결론: 요추 및 천추부에서 초음파 유도하 중재 요법은 요천추부 통증의 치료에서 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 술기이다.