• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

Psychological and physiological effects of the simulator sickness could be important bias factors for the sensibility evaluation. The purpose of the present study was to clear the differences of psychophysiological responses due to individual sensitivity of simulator sickness. The present experiment tried to investigate the simulator sickness objectively by observing the change of the simulator sickness for the different level of sickness groups (sick and non_sick group). The subjective evaluations using Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and physiological responses were measured every five minutes when they were driving as 60km/h in the driving graphic simulator. Response level of the subjective evaluation for all subjects on the simulator sickness was linearly increased with time for every item, and the response level of sick group was bigger than that of non_sick group. When the analysis on central nervous system was done separately on the sick and the non_sick group, there was significant difference in the parameter $\theta$/total at Fz and Cz. Although the analysis on autonomic nervous system for all subjects showed the increased activation of sympathetic nervous system, there was no significant difference between the sick and non_sick group. In summary, it is necessary to select the subjects who feel less simulator sickness in order to be accurate sensibility evaluation. The parameters to distinguish between the sick and non_sick group were the change on $\theta$/total and subjective evaluation using SSQ.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

The study was to evaluate psychological and physiological changes of simulator sickness in the controlled condition of driving a car (1 hr. at speed of 60 km/h) in a graphic simulator. Simulator sickness was measured and analyzed every 5 min using both subjective responses(i.e., Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) and Physiological signals(EEG, HRV, Skin Temperature, GSR). The results showed that there was significant differences in subjective response 10 min after the main experiment. From 10 min after the driving, the level of subjective simulator sickness increased significantly, relative one of the rest condition. There also was significant differences in physiological responses between the rest and the 5 min after from the start of driving : for EEG, $\delta$ and $\theta$ at Fz area increased, while $\alpha$ decreased; the averaged R-R interval and skin temperature decreased; LF/HF and GSR increased. The results indicated that simulator sickness was induced by activation of the autonomic nerves and inactivation of the central nerves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.48
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• pp.165-175
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to propose and to apply new Revised Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(RSSQ) that is effective quantification tool by revising and complementing SSQ because Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(SSQ), which is being used generally to quantify Simulator Sickness has several problems. For this study, we reduced 31 symptoms that are related to Simulator Sickness to 22 symptoms and derived weighting for each other from 15 experts. We developed new RSSQ with 22 symptoms and implemented factor analysis by using 142 RSSQ which is questioned before and after getting on simulator. It was classified to four major symptom groups as the result of the factor analysis. They are Disorientation, Oculomotor, Nausea, and Confuse. The scoring system of RSSQ provides subscales score of Disorientation, Oculomotor, Nausea, and Confuse as well as total severity. The scoring system of RSSQ which is proposed by this study is expected to improve accuracy of measure compared with an existing scoring system of SSQ, and to contribute with understanding the effect of Simulator Sickness more adequately and clearly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.333-346
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• 1998

By progress of technology, it became possible for us to do many kinds of operations in virtual environment. However side effect is called simulator sickness may occur to human body when human come in contact with this new environment. It makes symptoms similar to motion sickness. Many studies about that were started in 1950s and have actively been progressing in other countries, but in Korea recognition about that field is insufficient. Main contribution of this paper would be the base study about phenomena of simulator sickness which may be occurs in simulator or virtual reality environment, factors which induce simulator sickness, and quantifying methods of simulator sickness.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2001

Psychological and physiological effects from simulator sickness could be an important bias factor for sensibility evaluation. The present experiment investigated the effects of simulator sickness on sensibility evaluation in the controlled condition of driving a car for 60 minutes on a constant speed (60km/h) in graphic simulator. The simulator sickness was measured and analysed for every five minutes using their subjective evaluation and physiological signals. Results of the subjective evaluation showed that there was significant difference between rest and driving condition at 10 minutes from the start of driving, and the level of difference was increased linearly with time. The analysis on central and autonomic nervous systems showed the significant difference between rest and driving conditions after 5 minutes from the start of the driving on the parameters $\alpha$/total and $\beta$/total, and increased level of sympathetic nervous system. But there was no significant difference between different time conditions. The results indicates that physiological changes from simulator sickness can be a bias factor in objective evaluation of human sensibility which also, uses physiological signals. That is, the changes on the parameter $\alpha$/total and $\beta$/total, and on activation level of sympathetic nervous system from simulator sickness can be a bias factor for evaluation of the level of pleasantness and tension. Therefore the effort on improving the analysis by minimizing or eliminating the bias factors should be done for better and accurate sensibility evaluation in simulator environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.224-229
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 Graphic Simulator를 이용한 감성자극제시 및 측정연구에서 큰 변수로 작용하는 Simulator Sickness(SS)가 시간, 성별 그리고 Sick와 Non-sick 그룹에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지를 알아보고자 한다. 피험자는 신체 건강한 남녀 10명(남자 5명, 여자 5명)을 대상으로 하였다. Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(SSQ)를 이용하여 16가지 SS증상을 측정하고, 메스꺼움, 안구운동불편, 방향감각사실, Total Simulator Sickness 점수를 계산하였다. 실험 결과, Simulator Sickness는 남녀 모두 시간에 따라 계속 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 성별에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 Sick와 Non-sick 그룹사이에 통계적 유의차(p<0.05)를 발견할 수 있었으며, Sick 그룹의 평균 점수가 더 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2014

In this paper, it is proposed that the effects of simulator sickness due to scene movement in ship handling simulator can be measured by using center of pressure (COP) and a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ). For experiments of simulator sickness, twelve participants are exposed to scenes movement from ship handling simulator according to three steps of sea states. During experiments, COPs for subjects are measured by force plate. After exposure to scenes movement, subjects describe their sickness symptoms by answering the SSQ. Throughput analysing the results of scene movement, SSQ, and COP, the relation between the simulator sickness and COP is investigated. It is suggested that formulations for SSQ score and COP with respect to sea state are obtained by the curve fitting technique, and the longitudinal COP can be used for measuring the simulator sickness.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

This study proposed multiple linear regression models to predict those who can be easily infected simulator sickness(SS) in simulator or virtual reality environment. In this study, SSQ(Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) scores which are recently used for assessing SS, and RSSQ(Revised Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) scores are selected as dependent variables. Also ten dependent variables are used. The results are these models coefficient of determination(max $R^2=0.52$) is improved 18% more than Kolasinski's model($R^2=0.35$), and it became easy to predict with simple data. Accordingly, we can easily predict who will be apt to get into simulator sickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.313-319
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• 2001

본 연구는 시뮬레이터 실험에서 필수적으로 발생하는 Simulator Sickness(SS)를 평가하기 위하여 동적 시뮬레이터에서 일정한 속도(60km/h)로 1시간 주행했을 때 Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(SSQ)를 이용하여 주관적 Sickness를 평가하고 생리적 반응으로 심박 변동량(HRV)과 피부온도 및 피부저항을 측정하여 성별, Simulator 수준에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 동적 시뮬레이터에서 주행시 주관적인 Simulator Sickness는 안정에 비해 시간이 지남에 따라 45분까지 선형적으로 증가하여UT고, 여자와 sick군이 남자와 nonsick군에 비해 더 높았으며 sickness 수준간에서는 유의성이 나타났지만 남녀간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 생리적 반응은 시간에 따른 변화는 없었으나 안정에 비해 R-R 간격의 감소, (LF+MF)/total 및 (LF+MF)/HF의 증가로부터 교감 신경이 활성화되었으며 피부온도의 감소와 피부저항의 증가로부터 긴장도가 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 주행 50분 이후는 HF/total가 감소하여 부교감 신경의 작용이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.. 성별, sickness수준에 따라서는 남녀간에는 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고 평균 R-R 간격에서만 sick군이 nonsick군보다 유의하게 낮았다.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.351-356
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• 1997

A global model of simulator sickness is outlined that suggests the sequence of events leading to the development of simulator aftereffects. The model attempts to link coupling effects of illusory self-motion(vection) and compensatory head sway to the origin of simulator sickness. A pilot study was conducted in support of a rescarch program that will investigate the proposed model. Seven males and four females participated in a 5-min scssion in a fixed-base automobile simulator. Due to restricted sample size, descriptive statistics are presented for measures of simulator sickness, lateral sway velocity (Y-velocity), driving performance, control inpuls, and vection ratings. Although potential trends are discussed, no statistical conclusions can be drawn. Measurement issures for te next phase of reasearch mclude increasing the sensitivity of vection ratings, and examination of the timecourse got development of compensatory sway.