• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.68-73
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• 2002

Acidogenic fermentation of primary sludge was investigated for the solution to reduce the sewage sludge and develope external carbon source for BNR process. In a viewpoint to use existing anaerobic digestion tanks, we didn't change environmental factors such as reactor configuration, temperature, pH and investigate the variation of solubilization rates, acidification rates and environmental factors which affected by the variation of HRT. The average solubilization rates were 0.0309 and $0.0204mgSCOD_{prod.}/mgICOD_{inf.}$ at a HRT of 3 and 1.5 days, respectively. The average acidification rates were 0.0068mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$ and 0.0652mg HAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$ at a HRT of 3day. At a HRT of 1.5 days the average acidification rates were 0.0060mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$ and 0.0346mg HAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$. For the period of experiments alkalinity and pH were properly maintained without artificial adjusting.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.107-140
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji, written by Bae Sang-hyun(裴象鉉) in 1855. Dongkuksipji is a kind of encyclopedia. Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji record 137 books written in Goguryeo, Silla, Goryeo, Joseon and China. Yeamunji has its own classification system which includes 15 different topics. But this classification system emphasizes too much some field, such as Chinese classics of Confucianism. Yeamunji contains information on the period of compilation, author, title, and some bibliographic introductions. Although Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji does not have a perfect system for its contents, it is worthy of notice because it is a large catalogue of ancient books compiled by just one person.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2008

Relationships between total length (TL) and fecundity, body weight and fecundity, ovary length and fecundity, and ovary weight and fecundity of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha Hamilton, collected from Kuakata, Patuakhali, Bangladesh, were studied. During the sampling period, the fecundity of hilsa was found to range from 169,000 (fish TL=28.0cm, weight=250g) to 1,088,000 (fish TL=40.5cm, weight=955g) with a mean of $520{\pm}53{\times}1,000$. The number of eggs per gram of ovary for samples collected from the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the ovary were also recorded, but no significant variation was found among ovary regions at the 5% level of significance. Fecundity increased with fish TL and weight. The regression equations obtained in arithmetic forms of relationships between TL and fecundity (F), body weight (BW) and fecundity, ovary length (OL) and fecundity, and ovary weight (OW) and fecundity were $F=-887,896+40,511{\times}TL(r=0.85)$, $F=67,577+755.44{\times}BW(r=0.85)$, $F=-562,070+87,668{\times}OL(r=0.75)$ and $F=124,815+6,596.7{\times}OW (r=0.84)$, respectively. The relationships between fecundity and TL, body weight, ovary length, and ovary weight were linear, and the 'r' values were highly significant (p<0.01). These results provide valuable data for the restoration of hilsa resources, which are economically important but have shown reduced productivity in nations adjacent to the Bay of Bengal.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

A stoneware bottle was recovered from the Incheon Yeongheungdo Shipwreck in 2013. Primary observations showed that this object had a sealed opening and was covered with a foreign material. After it was cleaned via mechanical and chemical methods, wave patterns were observed on the outer surface of the bottle and a yellowish-brown transparent material was found within. In this paper, the process of conserving the stoneware bottle and the analysis conducted on the unknown material found within is explained. The conservation process included steps such as cleaning, desalination and restoration. After of the missing area located at the rim, the original shape of the bottle was made clear. In addition, the unknown inner material was analyzed using FT-IR and GC-MS. Results showed that the material is similar to golden lacquer. It is speculated that the Yeongheungdo Ship had wrecked during the Unified Silla period while carrying a bottle loaded with golden lacquer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the costumes and trading goods of the Korean envoys in 1811. The findings of the study are as follows: The Korean envoys, as shown in literature, were dressed up three different types of costumes: Pyongbok, Gongbok, Jobok. They put on different kinds of clothes depending on the purpose of the events such as for ceremonial purpose or for traveling purpose. For traveling purpose, the envoys wore Pyongbok like Waryonggwan and Hakchangeui, which were commonly used as Pyeonbok in those times of Chosun era. For ceremonial purpose, they chose to wear Danryeong, Gongbok, Geumgwanjobok in this order following the order of the importance of the ceremony. The design of Jobok and Gongbok of Jeongsa and Busa were different from that of the early Chosun era. This difference in the Jobok and Gongbok demonstrates that Gwanbok has been transformed with the change in the general Po system in the late Chosun era. When the costumes of Korean envoys in 1811 were compared to those in 1711, there were similarities in terms of the design of Jobok and Gongbok, which indicated that little had changed for the period of 100 years. The most popular exchanged Byeolpok of Chosun was articles of clothing such as Daeyuja, Daedanja, Baekjeopo, Sangjeopo, and Baekmyeonju, while that of Japan was mostly objects of craftwork and a small amount of Po. The fact that cloth was one of the main items from the early Chosun era to the early 19C shows the highly developed clothing culture of Chosun era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.603-622
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• 2013

Egg is a food that has been loved from ancient times by people all around the world. It has been called a present from god because its rounded shape was believed to refer to the earth. We found the oldest and most perfectly preserved egg fossil at Chunmachong (天馬) in Kyungju (慶州). We believe that it was used during the period of the Three States or the unified Silla (新羅), and, accordingly, it was a noble food that has been found at the king's grave of the age. Egg, which is called egg of chicken in Korean, was written as egg of chicken (鷄卵), son of chicken (鷄子), bird's egg of chicken (鷄蛋), and round thing of chicken (鷄丸) in the Korean alphabet and Chinese characters. The ancient countries had the following myths about eggs In myths about offspring by egg, they were born as heaven's will to make them god. There were 19 proverbs: 'Hitting a rock with an egg', 'It's like the yellow part of an egg' and 'Even an egg stops when it rolls', etc. According to a theory of divination based on topography, people use eggs when they find a good place. There are 10 proverbs (四字 成語): Dongjiipran (冬至立卵), Nanyeoseoktu (卵與石投) etc. Studies for analysis of egg recipes found in the old literature (cooking, agriculture and fishing, and medical books) in the Chosun Dynasty recorded 36 times where cuisine with egg was mentioned as the main ingredient, 154 times as a sub-ingredient, 79 times as a garnish, and 20 times etc. As a garnish, they were 'finely sliced', 'thin rectangular and the rhombus form', and 'rounded shape'; after grilling they were divided into yellow and white parts. When cooked, they were used in comparison of the size or shape of an object with that of other objects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2665-2670
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• 2015

VANET is ad-hoc network in which vehicles are treated as node and these nodes are communicating with each other as well as RSUs on the road. In VANET, scheduling is a very important issue as the request data are to be delivered to the recipient vehicle properly and accurately. It is also critical that any request data which is sent to the vehicle is received by it in the time period for which the vehicle will be in range of RSU. RSU picks the one with the highest priority to serve based on the scheduling scheme. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm to select the one with the highest priority in RSU, in which an RSU can transfer the overload requests to other RSUs. We use the modified DBP scheme to calculate the priority of request data. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms other scheduling schemes under various conditions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

It is needed to connect the curriculum of leisure use with community resources in order to allow students with developmental disability in a transition period to recover composure themselves through the curriculum of leisure use, improve their skills to enjoy, and apply their independent ability to utilize the actual leisure resources in a community through community programs. To realize this, it is necessary to secure recognition of leisure use from teachers instructing leisure use as a curriculum and examine points to be improved and importance mentioned about community-based leisure activity participation. The latest research on lifelong planning extends leisure activity from existing elements and implies the necessity of preparation in holistic aspects. As the crucial resources of leisure activity for students with developmental disability, this author focuses on the importance of leisure activities in schools and in communities and provides supportive measures to elevate accessibility to leisure activity.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2022

This paper is an architectural historical study on Chimi of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this research, the shape and cross-section of the chimi are reviewed. The results of the study are as follows. The chimi is a form in which the head part facing the maru is omitted, and the upper and lower body are separated. The upper and lower bonds are assembled into a two types of joint throughout the side of the torso, and then bound with an iron strap. Because of the absence of ridge line in the front, and the narrow curved surface which makes the side plate close to the plane, the entire cross-section is triangular, and the rear plate maintains the shape of the chimi. The naerimmaru connected to the side of the chimi has a slope, so it is clear that the chimi was used on the woojingak-jibung(hipped-roof), and the wing part and back of the chimi are erected on the side roof. The height of the yongmaru and chunyeomaru is about the same and the roofing tiles of those are in contact. The roofing tiles of chunyemaru should be cut to fit the angle of the contacting part. The maru is 30 stories high of roofing tiles as a result of the on-board survey. Based on reference on the shape and timing of the production of chimi, the height of chimi, and the maru is believed to have been built before the Unified Silla Period and used in buildings with at least seven-kan frontage. Buildings corresponding to these construction conditions can be seen as Central hall and East hall in Hwangnyongsa temple.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.533-542
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• 2023

Understanding the regional distribution of swans in the lower Nakdong River area is also important for the continuous habitat of swans according to changes in the surrounding environment of the area. This study was conducted to understand the regional distribution aspect of swans (Cygnus spp.) downstream of the Nakdong River, Republic of Korea, from October 2013 to September 2018. In the estuary, a small ship was used to move along a certain route and observe it with the naked eye or binoculars, and in the land area, Line transect census and Point census method were conducted in parallel. During this period, two species and 34,647 individuals of swans were observed, including 34,356 Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) and 291 Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus). The average number of individuals observed in 15 different areas was 1172, 103, 214, 1825, 1850, 13, 318, 1, 0, 1, 11, 21, 5, 0, and 239 respectively. The total average of the number of individuals in these areas was 384.76. The numbers differed significantly among the survey areas (Kruskal-Wallis test, X2=4349.01, P < 0.001). Particularly, the numbers were larger in Eulsukdo, Lower Eulsukdo, and Daemadeung than in the other regions. In conclusion, as long-term survey data, it can be used as basic data to analyze the distribution of swans due to environmental changes caused by the development of the Nakdong River, predict changes in the habitat status of migratory birds, and prepare measures necessary for preservation.