• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

This study was carried out to improve the liquid culture methods of Paecilomyces japonica. The results show that the size of granular mycelium is smaller when the shaking speed is increased. Especially, the granular mycelium is the smallest at the shaking speed of 150rpm under the photoperiod of 12L-12D. Dry weight of mycelium was averagely 1.216 g in the Sikworm larva (SL) medium, and the weight was 2 times heavier than in the Potato dextrose (PD) medium. By adding 6 g of 6 mmbeads in the SL medium, the dry weight is increased to 1.332 g. The optimal addition of silkworm larval powder to the culture medium for gest harvest was 1.360$\pm$0.67 g in dry weight.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2001

현재까지 곤충기생균 고유배지가 개발되어 있지 않아 식물기생균 배지를 대체 이용해 옴에 따라, 본 시험에서는 고단백질원으로써 이용가치가 있는 누에분말을 이용하여 곤충기생균 최적배지를 개발코자 하였다. 그 결과 사면배지상에서 균 배양시 12종의 배양형태는 현상, 융기, 주변형태가 균종 및 배지에 따라 배양 상이 동일 혹은 다양하게 형성되었다. 균주별 생장율은 12균주 중 C. militaris를 제외한 11 균주가 SLA배지에서 PDA에 비해 대부분의 균생장이 양호하였으나 C. militaris는 기존배지와 비교해 생장률이 78.6%로 감소하였다. Dextrose 첨가시 최적 농도는 C. gracilioides등 6균주에서 6% 처리시 가장 높은 생장률을 나타내었다. 본 시험결과 선발된 배지로부터 배양균을 누에접종 후 재배 시험한 결과 감염율, 자실체 형성을, 분생자경수 및 분생자경의 길이는 91.3$\pm$1.5%, 88.6$\pm$2.3%, 56.6$\pm$3.2개, 33.4$\pm$2.8mm로 대조에 비해 모두 높게 나타났다. 본 시험에서 개발된 Dextrose를 첨가한 SLA-A배지의 경제성 분석결과 1ι생산시 기존배지가 6,261원이 소요되는 것에 비해 총 2,386원으로 생산이 가능해 본 배지로 대체시 61.9%의 절감효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

눈꽃동충하초균(Paecilomyces tenuipes)의 균사 및 포자 형성에 영향을 미치는 계대증식에서의 특성을 알아보기 위하여, 액체배지로써는 누에 유충분말이 함유된 SL배지와 일반적인 PD배지를 이용하였고, 고체배지로는 누에 번데기 분말을 넣은 현미배지상에서, 세대증식이 이루어진 각 균주에 대해서 조사하였다. 그 결과, 액체 배지에서의 포자 생산량은 세대에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으나, 현미배지에서의 포자 생성율은 세대간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않음으로써, 액체배지에서 계대증식이 고체배지에서의 포자생산량에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 현미배지에 대한 최적 포자 접종량은 각각 $1{\times}10^{10}$ conidia/ml, $1{\times}10^6$ conidia/ml, $1{\times}10^6$ conidia/ml의 농도로 접종하였을 경우 농도에 따른 생산량에 차이가 나타나지 않아서 $1{\times}10^6$ conidia/ml만으로도 충분한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1975

Flacherie of all other silkworm diseases greatly affects cocoon crop as it is far-reaching and wide spreading. Fleacherie which kills silkworms caused by bacteria can be classified as bacterial digestive organ disease, and "Sotto" disease. Bacterial digestive organ disease is caused by the bacteria living in the silkworms alementary canal and a majority of flacherie belongs to this disease. Septicemia is caused by bacterias breeding in silkworms body fluid but its attach is comparatively limited during the larva period. "Sotto" disease is caused by eating mulberry leaves infected with bacteria which produce toxin and silkworms are intoxicated and killed by the toxin. The cause of flacherie is mainly due to a poor environment. The unclean and unsanitary silkworm rearing beds help bacterias breeding and bacteria enter silkworms body through mouth organ or skin. The present study is to investigate various causes of flacherie by means of pulverization of silkworm. Filtrated fluid is extracted by centrifuge and hypodermic of peroral inoculation-is given to young and medium silkworms of spring and autumn. The gained results of the experiment are summarized as follows： 1. Silkworms infected with flacherie were pulverized and their filtrated fluid was extracted by centrifuge and inspected under microscope to find polyhedron from the fluid. 2. The experimenting group of peroral inoculation. a) From the third day of peroral inoculation silkworms appetite generally decreased and ate less compared with the control group. b) After 7 days of the inoculation silkworms suffered from empty head, loose bowels and fainting. c) Some of the silkworms still ate but as were shown in Fig. 3 and 4 some dwarfish silkworms were found. d) There was no remarkable difference between 1st and 2nd instar inoculation groups. e) There was a tendency that the number of diseased silkworms was decerased as the increase of instars. 2. The experimental group of hypodermic inoculation a) Both of 3rd and 4th instar inoculation groups showed no remarkable singularity and the number of diseased silkworms decreased. b) The rate of diseased silkworms was comparatively low because the body fluid was acidy or toxin was hard soluble. Hypodermic inoculation could not give much harm to the silkworms compared to peroral inoculation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.138-139
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• 2003

To investigated the effect of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation with bioactive substance of Paeilomyces japonica and Cordyceps militaris cultivated in the country, the result are as follow; The growth temperature of two mycelia is 25$^{\circ}C$ and the proper temperature for cordycepin growth is around 20$^{\circ}C$. The formation amount of bioactive substance by nutrient sources reached its peak with using 2% glucose and 1% galactose in case of carbon sources and 0.4% inorganic compound in case of nitrogen sources. Also, the ratio of C/N was optimal with 3% glucose 1% peptone. For a natural medium, most grains were sufficient but the soybean oil was superb. The formation amount of protein-binding polysaccharide that are used for anticancer substance was in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, had lots of aeration and showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. and the content of structural protein showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. However, the content of the structural hexosamin did not get a great the effect of culture conditions and nutrient sources. The constitution of monosaccharide that organizes a protein-binding polysaccharide greatly changed in proportion to carbon sources. When Paecilomyces japonica cultured in a silkworm larvae for 30 days, the content of cordycepin was 204.5 mg/100mL as a dry weight in the fruiting body, 41.8 mg/100mL in mycelium and larva, and the content for each bottle was average 29.5 mg/100mL. In case of Cordyceps militaris for 45days, the fruiting body was 563.5 mg/100mL, the larva and the mycelium was 86.1 mg/100mL, and the content for each bottle was average 65.0 mg/100mL.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2007

누에체액이 동물세포 배양의 필수첨가물인 FBS를 대체할 수 있는 세포증식 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으나, 누에의 배발에 상처를 내어 채혈하는 방법으로는 대량 채취가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결코자 대량의 체액을 한꺼번에 얻을 수 있는 대규모 채혈법을 검토하게 되었다. 1. 누에 머리부분과 꼬리부분(배발 포함)에 상처를 낸 후 원심하여 체액을 채취하는 방법(절피원심법)이 기존의 소규모 채취한 체액과 유사한 세포증식 촉진효과를 보였다. 2. 절피원심한 체액의 원심속도에 따른 세포증식 촉진 효과는 500rpm과 1000rpm에서 양호한 값을 보였다. 3. 원심속도를 500rpm으로 고정한 경우 원심시간을 5분에서 30분까지 달리하여도 세포증식 효과는 유사하였고, 체액 회수율은 원심시간이 길어질수록 증가하였으나 일정시간 이상부터는 증가하지 않았다. 4. 절피원심법으로 대규모 채취한 체액의 액상회수율은 누에(백옥잠)생체중의 19.5%이었고, 분말회수율은 1.4% 이었으며, 분말체액에서도 세포증식 촉진 효과가 인정되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

To compare the quality of manufactured goods distributed in the domestic markets, 6 isolates of Dongchongxiacao products, namely, 4 Paecilomyces tenuipes specimens (J2P, 901A, 901B, and 901C), 1 Cordyceps militaris specimen (901D), and 1 Cordyceps sinensis specimen (CI-1), were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and sequence-structure relationships. P. tenuipes (J2P), a kind of Dongchongxiacao, was successfully inoculated on silkworms by percutaneous infection of Rural Development AdminstraionNam et al., 1999); fruiting bodies were then formed on the complete surface of the pupa. Since P. tenuipes (J2P) from silkworm larva was also proved to have remarkable pharmacological activities, it has been produced in bulk and has been successfully sold to buyers in the Korean market. Additionally, imitation products such as 901A, 901B, 901C, 901D, and CI-1 were sold simultaneously, resulting in deterioration of product quality. This research focuses on establishing quality standards to discriminate between the original and imitation products circulating in the market. The products obtained for the experiments included J2P, 901A, 901B, 901C, 901D, and CI-1; proximate analysis was performed for these products. The hosts and methods of conidia inoculation for proliferation of mycelia differed among the products. P. tenuipes (J2P) was proliferated in live silkworm larvae, and dead silkworm pupae were used to produce 901A, 901B, and 901C. On the other hand, 901D was produced on hulled rice medium. Quality analysis of C. sinensis revealed that CI-1, which was imported from China, smelled bad and proved to be a counterfeit with the fruiting body glued to the insect by twigs. The results of the proximate analysis of 901A, 901B, 901C, and 901D were similar to those of J2P with respect to the moisture content. Otherwise, J2P contained higher crude protein than 901A, 901B, 901C, and 901D, but contained very low fat. C. militaris (901D) and C. sinensis (CI-1) had low crude protein content-12.79% and 9.78% respectively-as compared to that of J2P, which was 62.38%. In contrast to the crude ash content of 6.4% in J2P, the crude ash content of CI-1 was 18.51% and this specimen was found to contain many impurities. phylogenetic analysis of P. tenuipes revealed that the sequence similarity of J2P, 901B, and 901C was in the range of 92.3~92.7%. Additionally, differences in the sequences were found at the positions 65 bp, 436 bp, 441 bp, 463 bp, etc.