• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.904-908
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• 2008

As the various industrial production machinery has come into being by development of industrial technology, the productivity of the basic industrial production machinery has improved and the international competitiveness of the one of Korea has strengthened. However, at the same time, noise from various industrial production machinery disturbs the quiet environment. There are 35 kinds of the noise emission machinery defined in the noise and vibration control act according to the horse power and the number of machinery. These were classified in 1992 through investigation from 1990 to 1991, and the characteristic of the noise emission machinery may be different from the past one. So we need to investigate the characteristics of the noise emitted by machinery to control it rightly. Also we need to investigate the new noise emission machinery which has come into being recently. In this survey, we measured sound intensity of 32 noise emission machinery to calculate the sound power levels of those and investigated the characteristic of the sound power level of those according to the frequency. From the survey, we found that the forging machine, concrete pipe and pile making machine, sawing machine, etc. are the noisy machinery. And the automatic packing machine, sewing machine, centrifuge, etc. are the silent machinery. Also the generator, the concrete pipe and pile making machine, the printing machine, etc. emit the low frequency noise, and the molding machine, the stone cutter, the metal cutter, etc. emit the high frequency noise. Lastly, we intented to propose the proper guide line of classifying noise emission machinery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2007

POU1F1 is a positive regulator for GH, PRL and TSH${\beta}$ and its mutations associate with production traits in ruminant animals. We described a DdeI PCR-RFLP method for detecting a silent allele in the goat POU1F1 gene: TCT (241Ser)>TCG (241Ser). Frequencies of $D_1$ allele varied from 0.600 to 1.000 in Chinese 801 goats. Significant associations of DdeI polymorphism with production traits were found in milk yield (*p<0.05), litter size (*p<0.05) and one-year-old weight (*p<0.05) between different genotypes. Individuals with genotype $D_1D_1$ had a superior performances when compared to those with genotype $D_1D_2$ (*p<0.05). Hence, the POU1F1 gene was suggested to the potential candidate gene for superior milk performance, reproduction trait and weight trait. Genotype $D_1D_1$, characterized by a DdeI PCR-RFLP detection, was recommended to geneticists and breeders as a molecular marker for better performance in the goat industry.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.537-542
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• 2009

The constraints of printed text have been lifted through developments in computer technology which has been identified as a revolutionary force. Hypertexts can be simply defined as electronic text that is found online, in a non-linear manner. In contrast to traditional printed texts, electronic writing depends upon an emergent technology, which is still subject to transformation. Unfortunately more research is needed on the experiences readers have when reading documents in hypertext formats for the purpose of knowledge retention. This study is to research the contrast between the traditional printed texts and hypertexts. Other areas where the literature has been relatively silent will be explored such as the experiences subjects have in reading hypertexts, and printed texts. It was clearly founded that the format of text does significantly influence the recall comprehension level of readers in the Printed Text and Hypertext Groups.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

Background: The molecular pathogenesis of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma is well known to be associated with germ-line mutation in the RET proto-oncogene and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma has been shown to carry somatic RET mutation especially in exon 13 and 16. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic background in the pathogenesis of the sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma which shows extremely high incidence in Korea. Materials and Methods: Direct DNA sequencing for RET exon 13 and 16, as well as immunohistochemistrical assay for a monoclonal RET antibody were performed from 20 cases of archival tissues of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Results: Monoclonal RET antibody with C-terminal epitope showed comparatively stronger expression in tumor cells than in normal tissues and immunoreactive area in the tumor was $66.0{\pm}40.1%$. Direct sequencing of RET exon 13 revealed 4 cases of mis-sense mutations in Codon 778, Codon 767, and both in Codon 768 and 778. One case showed a silent mutation (ACG-ACT) in RET exon 16 (Codon 926). Conclusions: The strong RET immunoreactivity of medullary thyroid carcinoma may suggest that there could be a genetic alteration in oncoprotein level. RET proto-oncogene mutation may be involved in the evolutional process of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the aspect of molecular basis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2006

Pulmonary thromboembolism is often clinically silent and difficult to diagnose, and can be fatal to patients with belated treatment. This complication is seen in patients who underwent TRAM breast reconstruction. Multiple factors are involved in this disease such as the presence of malignancy itself, major surgery and therapy-related interventions. TRAM surgery is a lengthy procedure involving mastectomy, flap surgery and abdominoplasty. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and the correlation between presurgical risk factors(BMI and age) of symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism after TRAM surgery and the incidence. From July 2001 to March 2005 a total of 384 pedicled TRAM reconstruction of breast was performed in 382 patients at Asan Medical Center. The average of Body mass index was $21.9kg/m^2$ and mean age of the patients was 37.9 years old. We diagnosed symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism using ventilation/perfusion lung scan and pulmonary embolism computed tomography. Incidence of in-hospital symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism was 1.3%. BMI and age showed no significant statistical relationship to pulmonary thromboembolism. But the incidence of symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism in obese patients (BMI > 25) was 3.75%. According to the guideline of the 7th American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy, the incidence of 3.75% was classified as high risk group. The prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism should be considered in cases of obese patients with low molecular weight heparin(BMI > 25).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.263-280
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to present basic data to be used in the development of a sexual education program to create an affirmative sexual egoism. We classified the types of subjectivities and revelation attitudes of menstrual experience in 5th and 6th elementary school girls. The analytic method of data was a "Q-method" (William Stephenson). The results of this study classified four-types. The first type is an "open type". Girls of this type accepted menstrual experience as neither disease nor an embarrassment but as an important and natural course for a woman. The second type is the "concealing type". Girls of this type keep silent and conceal menstruation from persons because they consider it shameful or disgrace. The third type is the "conceited type". Girls of this type think that menstruation is painful-but only for them. Also, they accept such pains being 'grown-up'. The fourth type is the "tomboy type". Girls of this type want to be an eternal child; they hate being born a woman and think menstruation is troublesome. As a result of this research, we have concluded that it is necessary to educate girl students before they experience menstruation in order to develop positive attitudes towards sexuality and in so doing, aid them through adolescence.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.356-365
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• 2011

We assessed the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the porcine fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene regarding meat quality and fatty acid composition in two pig populations: Korean native pigs (KNP) were crossed with Yorkshire (YS) $F_2$, and KNP were crossed with Landrace (LR) $F_2$. Direct DNA sequencing using eight KNP and eight YS pigs revealed two SNPs: c.265C>T (silent) in exon 4 and c.6545A>C (Asn${\rightarrow}$His) in exon 39. The frequency of the two SNPs was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in seven pig breeds and their association with meat quality traits and fatty acid composition was studied. In the $KNP{\times}YSF_2$ population, both SNPs were significantly associated with the level of monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) (p<0.005). c.6545A>C was associated with intramuscular fat content in both populations. Our results indicate that variations in c.265C>T and c.6545A>C of the pig FASN can be used to select animals with better fatty acid composition and meat quality. Moreover, KNP was a useful breed for identifying genetic factors affecting meat quality and fatty acid composition and for producing high quality pork.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Adolf Loos and Hiroshi Hara are very well known for their distinctive method of spatial composition. Adolf Loos showed white silent outer facades from his strong aversion to the ornament, whereas dynamic and rich inner space by the principle called 'Raumplan' in his housing design. Hiroshi Hara, one of the most influential architects in modern Japanese architectural history, designed a series of controversial houses with radical design by his 'Yukotai Theory' and the thought of 'Reflection House'. Even they have no common in regional background or the period of their works, both similarly have shown their own focus on cladding surface as an important design language. From this point of view, this paper investigates the design method of those two architects focused on the similar points and also the differences of their approaches to cladding in housing design. In conclusion, in case of Adolf Loos, the cladding is a tool to create completely safe and pure inner space by separating from the outside. On the other hand, the cladding of Hiroshi Hara has the meaning of social ideology that individuals must follow the principles of a dominant structure, which is the reason why the cladding should be removed. However there exists something in common also. They radically denied the outer circumstances and had a firm belief that the requests from the inside living space were the more influential factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.922-926
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• 2006

A genetic polymorphism study on butyrophilin gene was carried out to explore variability of this gene and to estimate effects of such variability on milk quality traits in crossbred cattle. Polymorphism was unraveled by conducting Hae III PCR-RFLP of this gene. Three genotypes such as AA, BB and AB and two alleles namely A and B were observed in crossbred population. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were 0.78, 0.17 and 0.04 for AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively, and 0.87 and 0.13 for A and B alleles, respectively. The nucleotides, which have been substituted from allele A to B, were observed as C to G ($71^{st}$ nucleotide), C to T ($86^{th}$ nucleotide), A to T ($217^{th}$ nucleotide), G to A ($258^{th}$ nucleotide), A to C ($371^{st}$ nucleotide) and C to T ($377^{th}$ nucleotide). The nucleotide substitutions at $71^{st}$, $86^{th}$ and $377^{th}$ position of the fragment were found as silent mutations whereas nucleotide changes at $217^{th}$, $258^{th}$ and $371^{st}$ positions were detected as substitution of amino acid lysine with arginine, valine with isoleucine, and leucine with proline from allele A to B. The genotypes had significant effects ($p{\leq}0.05$) on total milk solid%, fat%, SNF%, while showing nonsignificant impact on total protein%. AA genotype produced highest average yield for all the traits.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4977-4980
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• 2015

Background: ASC-US cases are managed according to the current American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guideline in which a human papillomavirus (HPV) test and repeat Pap smear are performed in the next 1 year. Colposcopy in cases of positive high risk HPV and persistent ASC-US or more in subsequent Pap smear is recommended. The HPV test is more expensive and still not currently a routine practice in Thailand. Objective: To identify the risk factors of persisted abnormal Pap smear and the colposcopic requirement rate in women with ASC-US. Materials and Methods: During 2008-2013, this study was conducted in Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand. Participants were women who attended gynaecology clinic for cervical cancer screening. Women who had cytological reports with ASC-US were recruited. During the study period, 503 cases were enrolled. Colposcopic requirement was defined as those who were detected with an ASC-US or more in subsequent Pap smears up to 1 year follow-up. Results: The colposcopic referral rate was 23.2 (85/365) percent at 12 months. Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 was 3.3 (12/365) percent. Loss follow-up rate of subsequent Pap smear and colposcopic appointment were 27.4 (138/503) and 48.2 (41/85) percent, respectively. There was no invasive cancer. High risk factors for persisted abnormal Pap smears in subsequent test were premenopausal status, HIV infected patients and non-oral contraceptive pills (COC) users. Conclusions: Referral rate for colposcopy in women with ASC-US reports was rather high. Loss to follow-up rate was the major limitation. Immediate colposcopy should be offered for women who had high risk for silent CIN.