• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
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• pp.1724-1726
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• 1997

In this paper, a superposed discharge type ozonizer(CISDO) has been designed and manufactured. CISDO is equipped with three electrodes(central electrode, internal electrode and external electrode), and it is composed of two gaps. Ozone is generated by overlapping silent discharge, which is respectively came from two gaps. This paper describes the following two characteristics : (1) The characteristics of discharge with variation of output voltage of AC H.V source, quality of supplied gas and discharge voltage (2) The characteristics of ozone generation with variation of quality of supplied gas. discharge power, operating number.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권33호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2003

Recently the utilization of the ozone dissolved de-ionized water(DIW-$O_3$) in semiconductor wet cleaning process and photoresist stripping process to replace the conventional sulfuric acid and hydro peroxide mixture(SPM) method has been studied. In this paper, we propose the water-electrode type ozone generator which has the characteristics of the high concentration and purity to produce the high concentration DIW-$O_3$ for the photoresist strip process in the semiconductor fabrication. The proposed ozone generator has the dual dielectric tube structure of silent discharge type and the water is both used to electrode and cooling water. Through this study, we obtained the results of the 10.3 wt% of ozone gas concentration at the oxygen gas of 0.5 [liter/min.] and the DIW-$O_3$ concentration of 79.5 ppm.. Through the photoresist stripping test using the produced DIW-$O_3$, we confirmed that the photoresist coated on the silicon wafer was removed effectively in the 12 minutes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

Susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervid species has been associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the PRNP of the Korean subspecies of Chinese water deer via analyses of the DNA sequences obtained from 34 individual deer. Two SNPs were detected at codons 77 and 100. One SNP at codon 77 encoding Glycine was determined to be a silent mutation but the other SNP detected at codon 100 induced an amino acid change, from Asparagine to Serine. The prion protein (PrP) amino acid sequence of the water deer showed 98.8-99.2% homology with those of American elk, white-tailed deer and mule deer. The PrP of the water deer contained amino acid residues closely related with CWD-susceptibility. This study is the first to describe genetic variations in the PRNP of the Korean subspecies of Chinese water deer.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand how patients experience everyday life in an isolation unit for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Method: The data were collected from 25 patients with HSCT at the isolation unit from January to March in 2008 in one general hospital in Korea. The data were collected by participant observations and ethnographic interviews and were analyzed using ethnographic method. Results: Four themes regarding environmental area emerged: 'barrier pulling up the drawbridge', 'very strange world', 'small and restricted space tied by IV and other treatment lines', and 'loud noise in a silent space.' Three themes regarding patients emerged: 'facing fear and anxiety', 'continuation of loneliness and lethargy', and 'compromising with a very long, dull, and boring time'. These themes describe how patients with HSCT suffer from continuous physical and psychosocial problems in a confined space, while endeavoring to control these problems and to search for hope for a new life. Conclusion: The results of the study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience and culture of patients in an isolation unit for HSCT. They would be used in developing practical programs to decrease patient's culture shock including fear and anxiety at isolation unit for HSCT.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.377-401
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• 2004

Delay in the air transport occurs when passengers, baggage or cargo do not arrive at their destination at the time indicated in the contract of carriage. The causes of delay in the carriage of cargo are no reservation, lack of space, failure to load the cargo on board, loading the cargo on the wrong plane, failure to off-load the cargo at the right place, or to deliver the covering documents at the right place. The Montreal Convention of 1999 Article 19 provides that "The carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of cargo. Nevertheless, the carrier shall not be liable for damage occasioned by delay if it proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the damage or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures." The Montreal Convention Article 22 provides liability limits of the carrier in case of delay for cargo. In the carriage of cargo, the liability of the carrier is limited to 17 SDR per kilogram unless a special declaration as to the value of the cargo has been made. The Montreal Convention Article 19 has shortcomings: it is silent on the duration of the liability for carriage. It does not give any indication concerning the circumstances to be taken into account in cases of delay, and about the length of delay. In conclusion, it is desirable to define the period of carriage with accuracy, and to insert the word 'unreasonable' in Article 19.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.241-263
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were empirically to test the reformative model for Korean sacrificial rite and to investigate the effects of demographic variables. the survey was conducted by means of questionnaire with 600 persons located in Seoul. Major findings were as follows ; 1, Sacrificial day ; was displayed (1) dead day (2) holiday in back and forth of dead day 2. Sacrificial time ; was showed (1) 8-9 h. p.m (2) 6-7 h. p.m 3. Sacrificial extent ; was displayed (1) grandparents and parents (2) only parents 4. Participative extent ; was showed (1) Cousin (2) only sons and daughters 5. Sacrificial procedure ; was displayed twice deep bow and 1 minute\`s silent prayer. 6. New year's and Chusok's rite ; was showed (1) simple foods (2) joint leisure time 7. Sacrificial table ; was displayed (1) boiled rice . water . gustoish articles. (2) omission of food table 8. rite\`s socialization ; was showed (1) delivery and marketing sale\`s food (2) special sacrificial restaurant. 9. Womens'and mens'difference ; women were active 7ut men were passive 10. Age's difference ; excepting 30-40, the all generations were more reformative. 11. Number of brothers ; small number of brothers were more reformative than a many number. 12. Sacrificial manager or not , managers were conservative than persons were not managers.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2011

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as the most promising alternative power sources for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) due to its high energy density and silent operation. Since there are many load changes during UAV flight, thermal management is one of the important factor for the performance of PEMFC. In order to reduce the UAV weight for the stable operation of UAV, thermal management system (TMS) studied in this work does not use the fan but use the air flowing into UAV by UAV flight. In order to develop the passive type heat exchanger (HEX) for 1kW PEMFC, four types of HEXs are fabricated and their cooling performances are compared. The parametric study on the cooling performance of HEXs has performed with the variation of operating parameters such as mass flow rates and inlet temperature of air and coolant. Type 4 has the best performance in every case. This study can be helpful to achieve the optimal design of HEX for PEMFC powered UAV.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

The conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy by Photo-Voltaic (PV) effect is a very promising technology, being clean, silent and reliable, with very small maintenance costs and small ecological impact. The output power produced by the PV panels depends strongly on the incident light radiation. The continuous modification of the sun-earth relative position determines a continuously changing of incident radiation on a fixed PV panel. The point of maximum received energy is reached when the direction of solar radiation is perpendicular on the panel surface. Thus an increase of the output energy of a given PV panel can be obtained by mounting the panel on a solar tracking device that follows the sun trajectory. Tracking systems that have two axes and follow the sun closely at all times during the day are currently the most popular. This paper presents research conducted into the performance of Solar tracking system with photosensors. The results show that an optimized dual-axis tracking system with photosensor performance and analysis. From the obtained results, it is seen that the sun tracking system improves the energy and energy efficiency of the PV panel.ti-junction CPV module promises to accelerate growth in photovoltaic power generation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.2141-2143
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• 2000

In this paper, high concentration yield multi-discharge type ozonizer (MDO) of new discharge type using superposed silent discharge was designed and manufactured, MDO can be consisted with 3 kind of multi discharge type ozonizer (MDO) in accordance with power supply method that supplying power, which has 180[$^{\circ}$] phase difference, to 3 electrodes and double gap. At the moment, discharge characteristics and ozone generation characteristics of each MDO were investigated in accordance with quantity of supplied gas, the number of MDO, and the shapes of each MDO. In result, ozone generation characteristics of 17185[ppm] and 783[g/kWh] were obtained, and when ozone of 17185 [ppm] was in contact with dyeing water waste, decolorization characteristics was excellent, so it confirmed that MDO could be used as water environment improvement facility.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

We studied the effectiveness of mating call playbacks on call monitoring of three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata). Playback experiments were conducted between 2100 to 0030 at 15 sites located at Chungwon, Chungbuk, and Yeongi, Chungnam, in May 2005. We recorded call responses of 25 males to two different call playbacks, (i) single mating calls from a single male and (ii) chorus mating calls from five males, by randomly presenting the calls with a 15 min-gap between the two playbacks. We compared the number of response calls of the focal males for three min before, during, and after the playbacks. Five of 25 males were silent before stimulus presentation, but all the males emitted calls after the playbacks. The number of calls in response to single playback calls significantly differed among the three playback periods, where males gave more calls during the playback than before or after the playbacks. In addition, subject males presented significantly more calls to single call playbacks than to chorus call playbacks. The results of this study suggest that playback using repeated single mating calls is effective in call monitoring of R. nigromaculata males.