• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2020

본 연구는 요양의료기관 종사자의 감정노동과 진료비 삭감 인식도가 삭감율에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 대한민국의 의료기관 종사자 414명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 삭감률 차이를 살펴본 결과 입원 삭감률과 외래 삭감률은 근무형태, 현 병원 근무경력과 허가 병상 수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 감정노동, 진료비 삭감 인식도와 삭감률의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 감정노동과 외래 삭감률은 정적 상관, 진료비 삭감 인식도과 입원 삭감률은 부적 상관, 진료비 삭감인식도과 외래 삭감률은 부적 상관에 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감정노동은 입원 삭감률에 유의한 정적 영향 미치며, 진료비삭감인식도는 입원 삭감률에 유의한 부적 영향 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 감정노동은 외래 삭감률에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치며, 진료비 삭감인식도는 외래삭감률에 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2014

In this study, the reduction kinetics and behaviors of oxides in the water-atomized iron powder have been evaluated as a function of temperature ranging $850-1000^{\circ}C$ in hydrogen environment, and compared to the reduction behaviors of individual iron oxides including $Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_3O_4$ and FeO. The water-atomized iron powder contained a significant amount of iron oxides, mainly $Fe_3O_4$ and FeO, which were formed as a partially-continuous surface layer and an inner inclusion. During hydrogen reduction, a significant weight loss in the iron powder occurred in the initial stage of 10 min by the reduction of surface oxides, and then further reduction underwent slowly with increasing time. A higher temperature in the hydrogen reduction promoted a high purity of iron powder, but no significant change in the reduction occurred above $950^{\circ}C$. Sequence reduction process by an alternating environment of hydrogen and inert gases effectively removed the oxide scale in the iron powder, which lowered reduction temperature and/or shortened reduction time.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2008

Purpose: The choice of open versus closed reduction for mandibular subcondylar fracture is a debatable issue. To evaluate the advantage of open approach to closed method with IMF(intermaxillary fixation), we conducted a retrospective study to compare the outcomes of each method. Methods: From 2002 to 2006, 29 patients with mandibular subcondylar fractures were treated by open or closed reduction. 17 patients were treated by open reduction and 12 patients by closed reduction and IMF. Each group was assessed for duration of mandibular immobilization, incidences of buccal palsy, malocclusion, TMJ(temporomandibular joint) pain, and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening. Results: All cases showed accurate reduction in anatomical position, no significant displacement and no deviation on mouth opening during the follow-up period. IMF period is statistically shorter in open reduction (p<0.05). Differences in incidence of other complications were not significant statistically. Conclusion: As there are significant independent morbidities associated with IMF which requires postoperative rehabilitation, prolonged temporomandibular immobilization should not be overlooked. Some patients with poor compliances will not tolerate IMF in nonsurgical treatment. In the aspect of patient's convenience and early recovery by short IMF period, open reduction would be recommended as a better treatment method.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2011

Weight reduction behavior is common among adolescent girls. The present study examined the status of weight reduction behavior and factors affecting the behavioral intention of weight reduction using the Health Belief Model (HBM) for female middle school students by weight category. Survey data was collected from three girl's middle schools in Gyeongju, Korea. A total of 299 female middle school students participated in this study. The questionnaire had questions about general characteristics, weight reduction behavior, and variables of HBM (perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy in dietary life and exercise, and behavioral intention of weight reduction). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the variables. A higher percentage of students in the overweight group attempted weight reduction than those in the underweight and the normal weight groups (P < 0.001). Among students who had attempted weight reduction, 73% tried diet therapy, while 78% tried exercise. Students in the normal and overweight groups showed significantly higher threat (P < 0.01) and cues to action (P < 0.001) than those in the underweight group. As for perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in dietary life and exercise, there were no significant differences among weight groups. Students in the overweight group showed the strongest intention of weight reduction and there were significant differences among the three weight groups (P < 0.001). Perceive threat (P < 0.01), cues to action (P < 0.001), and perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.01) were significantly associated to behavioral intention of weight reduction for all respondents. For the underweight group, perceived threat (P < 0.05) and perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.01) were the significant variables. For the overweight group, cue to action was the significant variable (P < 0.05).

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.609-621
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• 2020

본 연구는 의료기관의 환경요인을 매개로 의료기관 종사자들의 라이프 스타일에 따른 조직몰입이 진료비 삭감률에 미치는 영향이 무엇인지 알아보기 위한 연구로 전라도에 있는 의료기관 종사자 300명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 조직 몰입도는 연령, 학력, 성별, 결혼, 직종, 소득과 근무 연수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 환경요인은 결혼, 근무 연수, 병원유형에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 입원삭감률은 직종, 근무 연수 병원유형에서, 외래삭감률은 연령, 결혼, 직종, 근무 연수, 병원유형에서 유의한 차이를 보였다 넷째, 조직몰입, 환경요인, 삭감률의 상관관계를 알아 본 결과 입원 삭감률과 외래 삭감률은 정적 상관이 유의하게 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 조직몰입과 환경요인을 동시에 투입하여 입원삭감률에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 조직몰입과 입원삭감률에서 환경요인이 부분매개, 외래삭감률은 조직몰입과 외래삭감률에서 환경요인이 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구로 의료기관의 효율적인 운영방안과 효과적인 인력관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.415-428
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• 2002

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease caused by bacteria in the oral mucosa, which results in gingival inflammation, breakdown of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and finally tooth loss. Mechanical plaque control methods-scaling and root planing are effective methods to stop the progression of such periodontal disease. It was reported that subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline(SDD) regimen could improve clinical conditions of periodontal tissues without causing the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms that was a typical antibiotic side effect. Therefore pharmacological therapy, used in conjunction with mechanical therapy could be considered a useful treatment modality in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. In this study, 30 patients diagnosed as moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 4months, after scaling and root planing. Clinical parameters-bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were compared and evaluated between these groups at periods of first visit, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In case of moderate periodontitis, pocket depth showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in pocket depth was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 2. In case of moderate periodontitis, clinical attachment level showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in clinical attachment level was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3. Bleeding on probing improved after treatment in both the groups. In case of moderate periodontitis, the experiment group showed statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing when compared with the control group at 1 and 4 months after treatment(p<0.05). In case of advanced periodontitis, treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing in both the groups(p<0.05). These results indicate that the use of subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is a useful supplement to mechanical treatment for periodontal patients in ameliorating the clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket, attachment level, and bleeding on probing.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2000

District heating and cooling systems offer highly efficient energy utilization and maintenance by centralizing heat management. More pumping power, however, is required because the water has to travel long distance from heat source to the users. In the present study, a trace of drag reduction additives is added to the District Cooling system to achieve a significant drag reduction and save pumping power. Water-soluble polymers, surfactants, and environment-friendly degradable polymers are used as effective drag reducing additives. Time dependent percent drag reductions are compared for various additive solutions at 100 wppm concentration for different water velocity. Without as an anionic surfactant, copolymer was most effective in percent drag reduction. It is found that there exists an optimal condition when copolymer is mixed with SDS. An environment-friendly degradable polymer, xanthan gum, is found to be a significant drag reduction additive. Ice slurry systems, can give less pressure drops compared with chilled water system for certain condtions. Drag reduction additives were also effective for the ice slurry system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2022

Objectives: Selection of treatment methods for mandibular condylar fractures remains controversial. In this study, we investigated treatment methods for condylar fractures to determine the indications for open or closed reduction. Patients and Methods: Patients >12 years of age treated for mandibular condylar fractures with a follow-up period of ≥3 months were included in this study. The medical records of enrolled patients were reviewed for sex, age, fracture site, treatment method (open or closed reconstruction), postoperative intermaxillary fixation period, operation time, and complications. Radiological analysis of fracture fragment displacement and changes in ramal height difference was performed using computed tomography and panoramic radiography. Results: A total of 198 patients was investigated, 48.0% (n=95) of whom underwent closed reduction and 52.0% (n=103) underwent open reduction. There was no significant correlation between reduction method and patient sex, age, or follow-up period. No statistically significant difference between the incidence of complications and treatment method was observed. None of the patients underwent open reduction of condylar head fracture. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that open reduction was significantly more frequent in patients with subcondylar fracture compared to in those with a fracture in the condylar head area. There was no statistically significant correlation between the groups and fracture fragment displacement. However, there was a significant difference between the treatment groups in amount of change in ramal height difference between the fractured and the non-fractured sides during treatment. Conclusion: No significant clinical differences were found between the open and closed reduction methods in patients with mandibular condylar fractures. According to fracture site, closed reduction was preferred for condyle head fractures. There was no significant relationship between fracture fragment displacement and treatment method.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined ways to promote desirable eating habits by choosing foods with low sugar contents and provide nutrition education in adolescents. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sugar reduction perception and knowledge, sugary food preference, and intake frequency of 487 male and female high school students in Incheon were analyzed comparatively. Results: Approximately 94.9% and 94.5% of the subjects were unaware of the promotion of a sugar reduction policy and the sugar reduction in the basic guidelines for school meals, respectively. Approximately 95% of them had not received any sugar reduction nutrition education, and 90% were not interested in sugar reduction. The perception for sugar reduction was significantly higher in girls (3.43 out of 5 points) than in boys (3.16 out of 5 points) (P < 0.001). Knowledge about sugar was 3.65 out of 6 points in girls and 3.04 points in boys (P < 0.001). The preference and intake frequency for fruits of the total students were 4.24 out of 5 points and 2.56, respectively. For beverages, the preference was significantly higher in boys (3.97 points) than in girls (3.70 points) (P < 0.001), and the intake frequency was significantly higher in boys (2.26 points) than in girls (2.08 points) (P < 0.001). The preference for snacks was significantly higher for girls (4.19 points) than boys (4.02 points) (P < 0.01), and the intake frequency was 2.22 points in boys and 2.17 in girls, showing no significant difference. Sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar showed significant negative correlations with the snack intake frequency (r = -0.11, P < 0.05; -0.13, P < 0.05) after adjusting for gender, grade, and body mass index. Conclusions: The high school students' perception of sugar reduction was very low, and there was a significant correlation with sugary food intake, suggesting that the sugary food intake will decrease as the sugar reduction perception and knowledge about sugar increase.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand the reduction of energy consumption and demand level for education relating to the reduction of energy consumption by middle school students. First, the perception of the reduction of energy consumption had a significant relationship with sex and grade. Second, the demand level for education relating to the reduction of energy consumption showed a significant relationship with only sex. Third, regression analysis on the influence of perception of the reduction of energy consumption showed a correlation between theperception of a reduction of energy consumption and the demand level for education relating to a reduction of energy consumption. The research suggests that students want an education that reduces energy consumption at school implemented during experience-centered and activity-centered discretionary activities, rather than duringtheory-centered curricular activities. It also suggests that overcoming limitations of space, that is, implementation of such education at various places besides school, and the application of teaching and teaming methods which use the internet and image media are more effective for education for the reduction of energy consumption.