• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

When plants undergo stress, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which remove bad elements such as mildew and virus is activated in plant body. However, if ROS is excessively increased, plant will be harmed itself by destruction of cell and signal system and phenomenon of lipid peroxidation. In order to identify content of lipid peroxidation and activity of some enzymes scavenging ROS, phenotypical and physiological analysis was performed with two mutant lines, Till-II-877 and Till-II-894, comparing with cv. Dongan (WT). In phenotype analysis, two mutant lines give to well-conditioned growth better than WT in since 5 days after salt treatment. In enzyme activities, there was a modest difference in the content of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) between Till-II-877 and Till-II-894, two mutant lines showed high levels in CAT contents than WT. However, they express low levels in POD contents. In MDA analysis, the content of Till-II-877 was higher than that of WT, but Till-II-894 was lower. This result indicates that two mutants have different mechanism against salt stress.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.95.1-95.17
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• 2018

Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Our previous results showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XLOC_006390 plays an important role in cervical cancer. In this study, we have explored the mechanism of action of lncRNA XLOC_006390. Methods: LncRNA XLOC_006390 was proposed to exercise its function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and its potential targeted miRNAs was predicted through the database LncBase Predicted v.2. Two miRNAs, miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p, were chosen for the study. Expression of miRNAs and lncRNA in cervical cancer cells and tissues was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To determine the correlation, silencing of XLOC_006390, over-expression of miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p was performed in SiHa and Caski cell lines, respectively. Results: Based on the interactive effect between miRNA and lncRNA, miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p were significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cells and tissues, and their expression levels were negatively related to that of lncRNA. Our results also showed that the expression of miR-331-3p target gene NRP2, miR-338-3p target genes PKM2, EYA2 was significantly downregulated when the XLOC_006390 was knocked down. Further, XLOC_006390 was found to facilitate cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by downregulating miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p expression. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that XLOC_006390 may serve as a ceRNA and reversely regulates the expression of miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p, thus facilitating cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2021

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2004

피부는 외부에 노출되어 있기 때문에 외부로부터의 자극에 의하여 손상 받기 쉽다 그러한 외부적 자극 중 자외선은 피부노화의 주요한 원인으로 손꼽힌다. 자외선 중 특히 280-320 nm의 파장을 갖는 UVB (ultraviolet-B)는 피부노화의 가장 중요한 요인으로서 피부화상이나 피부암을 유발한다. 고설량의 자외선에 노출된 세포는 복구할 수 없는 심각한 DNA 손상을 입게 되는데, 이 경우 세포사멸(apoptosis) 현상은 이러한 세포들의 죽음을 유도하여 이들이 종양으로 발전하는 것을 막는다. 따라서 세포손상 정도에 따라 특이적으로 세포사멸을 유도하거나 막는 것이 암 발생을 억제하면서 세포의 항상성을 유지하는데 매우 중요하다. 이러한 세포 사멸을 조절하는데 가장 중요한 단백질로 알려진 것이 Bcl-2이다. Bcl-2는 피부세포에서 자외선 조사에 의해 그 발현이 급격히 감소되며 이를 통해 피부세포가 사멸한다. 따라서, 자외선 조사시에 Bcl-2의 발현감소를 막을 수 있다면 피부세포의 사멸을 막을 수 있고, 이를 통해 자외선에 의한 피부손상을 방지하여 노화를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구에서는 인삼의 진세노사이드 Fl(20-O-$\beta$-D-글루코피라노실-20(S)-프로토파낙사트리올)과 녹차의 주요 효능 성분인 EGEG ((-) 에피갈로카테킨-3-갈레이트)을 함유하는 조성물이 자외선조사에 의한 피부세포사멸을 억제하여 그 손상을 방지하는데 탁월한 효과가 있음을 밝힌 것이다. 즉, 진세노사이드 Fl과 EGCG을 단독으로 처리했을 때에는 효과가 없는 낮은 농도의 두 화합물을 동시에 처리하게 되면, 상승작용을 통해 자외선 조사시 유발되는 Bcl-2의 발현 감소 및 그의 전사인자인 Brn-3a의 발현 감소를 억제함과 동시에, Rb 단백질의 탈인산화를 저해함으로써 자외선에 의한 세포사멸을 방지하였다 본 연구결과를 통해 낮은 농도의 진세노사이드 Fl과 EGCG를 동시에 처리함으로써 자외선 노출에 의한 세포손상을 방지하여 피부 노화를 억제할 수 있는 물질로서 활용할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였을 뿐만 아니라, 단가가 높은 두 화합물을 낮은 농도(단독 사용시 각각 2.5배, 5배 농도 필요)로 사용함으로써 원료비를 낮추어 고기능성 제품을 보다 저렴한 가격에 공급할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.925-937
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• 1996

스팀처리된 모더나이트인 $SM_{6.5}$와 $SM_{6.5}$를 불화수소산처리한 경우($FM_a$) 그리고 $SM_{6.5}$를 불화수소산처리후 다시 스팀처리한 경우($FM_b$)인 세 형태의 변형된 모더나이트를 제조하였다. 이들 시료의 특성을 연구하였으며 고정층 반응기에서 진공가스유의 촉매 분해반응을 실시하였다. 시료의 특성은 XRF와 XPS로 평균과 표면의 원소조성을 구하였고 XRD로 단위격자 상수를 측정하였다. 그리고 질소가스의 흡/탈착에 의해 세공성을 구하였고 피리딘흡착에 의한 IR에 의해 표면의 산성질을 측정하였다. 낮은 실리카/알루미나비를 가진 $SM_{6.5}$는 산량은 많지만 세공용적중 85% 정도가 미세공이었다. $SM_{6.5}$를 불화수소산처리한 경우는 $SM_{6.5}$에 비해 산량은 감소하였지만 세공성은 우수하였다. 이 불화수소산처리된 것을 더욱 많은 중세공의 형성을 위해 다시 스팀처리한 경우는 탈알루미늄에 의해 산량은 급격히 감소하지만 미세공이 중세공으로의 전환에 의해 중세공은 급격히 발달되었다. 이들 촉매상에서 큰 분자인 진공가스유의 분해반응에 의해 얻은 전화율과 가솔린, 등유+경유 그리고 옥탄가가 높은 가지달린 방향족 화합물의 수율은 산량은 크지만 미세공 구조인 $SM_{6.5}$ 보다는 이를 불화수소산처리한 경우가 산량은 감소하였지만 세공성이 우수하여 향상되었으며 $SM_{6.5}$를 불화수소산처리한 것을 다시 스팀처리한 경우가 중세공경의 발달로 더욱 우수하였다. 이로부터 모더나이트상에서 큰 분자인 진공가스유의 분해반응은 반응물질의 세공내로 확산의 한계 때문에 세공구조의 영향이 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.971-979
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Cheongsimyeonja-tang on the human body. Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted using electronic medical records (EMR). Appropriate clinical cases were identified and databased through EMR. Changes of vital signs, blood tests, and functional tests before and after taking Cheongsimyeonja-tang were determined. Results: There were several significant changes after taking Cheongsimyeonja-tang. Hemoglobin, total blood proteins, and total bilirubin were increased. Eosinophil, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased. Conclusions: Cheonseomyeonja-tang had significant effects, including improvement of blood cell count (increase of red blood cells and hemoglobin), improvement of blood lipid level (decrease of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), and blood pressure control (reduction of systolic blood pressure).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10255-10262
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• 2015

High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E2 proteins play roles in transcriptional regulation and are commonly functionally disrupted when the HPV genome integrates into host chromosomes. Some 15-40% of cancer cases, however, contain an intact E2 gene or episomal HPV. In these cases, polymorphism of the E2 gene might be involved. This study aimed to determine polymorphisms of the E2 gene in episomal HPV16 detected in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinomas and altered functions compared to the E2 prototype. The E2 gene was amplified and sequenced. Two expression vectors containing E2 gene polymorphisms were constructed and transfected in SiHa and C33A cells, then E6 gene as well as Il-10 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression vectors and reporter vectors containing the HPV16 long control region (LCR) were co-transfected and transcriptional activity was determined. The results showed that a total of 32 nucleotides and 23 amino acids were changed in all 20 cases of study, found in the transactivation (TA) domain, hinge (H) region and DNA binding (DB) domain with 14, 5 and 13 nucleotide positions. They mostly caused amino acid change. The expressing vectors containing different E2 gene polymorphisms showed E6 mRNA suppression, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA suppression and IL-10 induction but no statistically significant differences when compared to the E2 prototype. Moreover, promoter activity in HPV16 LCR was not affected by E2 protein with different gene polymorphisms, in contrast to nucleotide variations in LCR that showed an effect on transcription activity. These results demonstrated that E2 gene polymorphisms of episomal HPV16 did not affect transcriptional regulation and suggested that nucleotide variation as well as epigenetic modification of the LCR might play a role in inducing malignant transformation of cells containing episomal HPV16.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2011

This study was performed to establish an effective extraction method of pig placenta extract that could be used for a putative functional food supplement with immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, we used different temperatures (4, 37, 60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$) and different solvents (chloroform, NaOH, and phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) to extract the pig placenta. Among the different placenta extracts yielded by the different extraction methods, placenta extract (PE) in PBS at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min (referred to as PE-PBS80) showed a significant increase of nitric oxide production of up to 22.97 ${\mu}M/10^5$ cells at a 1 mg/mL dose (p<0.05 ) in J774A.1 cells than other extracts and control tested. Using PE-PBS80, further animal challenges were performed to identify the immune-enhanced effects. As a result, orally administered PE-PBS80 showed a significant increase in blood T and B cell activities and immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) production. IgG and IgM levels increased to 41.53 mg/mL at a 20 mg dose on day 7 and to 27.38 mg/mL at a 10 mg dose on day 14, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, PE-PBS80 was also able to significantly enhance the immune modulator cytokine levels (p<0.05) compared to the control and vehicle treatments. Among the evaluated cytokines, the tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) level increased to 28.89 pg/mL at extract doses of 20 and 50 mg, the interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) level increased to 21.52 pg/mL at extract doses of 10, 20, 50 and 75 mg and the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ level increased to 18.24 pg/mL at extract doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg. Therefore, this study presents an effective method for extracting pig placenta extracts and also demonstrates that pig placenta extracts had significant immunomodulatory effects not only at the cellular level but also in a mouse model, suggesting that this material could be used as an excellent candidate functional food supplement.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2023

지구 기상이변에 대해 탄소중립의 중요성이 대두됨에 따라 무탄소 연료인 수소의 에너지원으로서의 활용도 역시 증대되고 있다. 일반적으로 수소는 연료전지(FC, Fuel Cell)에 활용되고 있으나, 이는 연소를 기반으로 하는 내연기관(ICE, Internal Combustion Engine)에도 활용될 수 있다. 특히 연료전지만으로 수소 활용 및 인프라 확장이 어려운 때에 이미 생산 측면이나 공급 측면에서 인프라가 기 구축되어 있는 내연기관은 수소 에너지 저변 확대에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. 다만 수소를 연소기반으로 활용할 경우 고온에서 공기 중 질소가 산소와 반응하여 유해배기물질인 질소산화물(NOx, Nitrogen Oxides)이 생성될 수 있는 단점은 존재한다. 특히 냉간 (Cold Start) 운전 영역시 포함될 EURO-7 배기규제의 경우 워밍업(Warm-up) 과정에서 발생하는 배기배출물의 저감을 위한 노력도 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2 L급 수소 직접분사방식 전기점화 (SI, Spark Ignition) 엔진을 활용하여 냉각수를 상온에서 88 ℃로 워밍업하는 과정에서 질소산화물 및 연료소모율의 변화 특성을 살펴보았다. 특히 수소는 기존의 가솔린, 천연가스, 액화석유가스(LPG, Liquified Petroleum Gas)와 달리 가연범위(Flammable range)가 넓기 때문에 공기과잉률(Excessive air ratio)을 희박하게 조절할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 워밍업하는 과정에 있어서 공기과잉률을 1.6/1.8/2.0으로 변화하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 워밍업 시 공기과잉률이 희박해질수록 시간당 질소산화물의 배출이 적고, 열효율도 상대적으로 높으나 최종 온도까지 도달 시간이 길어짐에 따라 누적 배출량 및 연료소모율은 악화될 수도 있음을 시사한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2022

Melanogenesis is the production of melanin from tyrosine by a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, in which tyrosinase and DOPA oxidase play key roles. The melanin content in the skin determines skin pigmentation. Abnormalities in skin pigmentation lead to various skin pigmentation disorders. Recent research has shown that the expression of EMP2 is much lower in melanoma than in normal melanocytes, but its role in melanogenesis has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of EMP2 in the melanogenesis of MNT1 human melanoma cells. We examined TRP-1, TRP-2, and TYR expression levels during melanogenesis in MNT1 melanoma cells by gene silencing of EMP2. Western blot and RT-PCR results confirmed that the expression levels of TYR and TRP-2 were decreased when EMP2 expression was knocked down by EMP2 siRNA in MNT1 cells, and these changes were reversed when EMP2 was overexpressed. We verified the EMP2 gene was knocked out of the cell line (EMP2 CRISPR/Cas9) by using a CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the expression levels of TRP-2 and TYR were significantly lower in the EMP2 CRISPR/Cas9 cell lines. Loss of EMP2 also reduced migration and invasion of MNT1 melanoma cells. In addition, the melanosome transfer from the melanocytes to keratinocytes in the EMP2 KO cells cocultured with keratinocytes was reduced compared to the cells in the control coculture group. In conclusion, these results suggest that EMP2 is involved in melanogenesis via the regulation of TRP-2 expression.