• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out useful radiological projection of shoulder subluxation in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods : A total of 33 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were included(20 men and 13 women, mean age 62.3 years) and having the subluxed shoulder over one finger breath. The shoulder subluxation was determined as the ratio of the radiographic vertical and horizontal distance. The vertical distance was determined by measuring the distance between the most inferolateral point of the acromion and the central point of the humeral head. The horizontal distance was determined by measuring the distance between the central point of the glenoid fossa and the central point of the humeral head. To measure of the shoulder subluxation, the shoulder AP, axial and transthoracic lateral projections were taken on both affected and unaffected shoulders. We analyzed the difference of subluxation distance by t-test. Results : When patients was in sitting position, the average time of being shoulder subluxation was 123 second. There was significant difference between supine($49.90{\pm}13.6\;mm$) and sitting position($60.72{\pm}16.3\;mm$) in the vertical distance of shoulder anterior-posterior projection. Also, there was significant difference on transthoracic lateral projections, Affected $35.92{\pm}6.2\;mm$, Unaffected $28.76{\pm}5.4\;mm$. But in case of shoulder axial projection(supine position), there was no significant difference (Unaffected and affected was $23.01{\pm}9.0\;mm$, $22.45{\pm}8.2\;mm$ each). Conclusion : Radiological projection of shoulder subluxation has diagnostic value when it goes after check out the process of subluxation through finger breadth test. For this, patients must be in sitting and shoulder neutral position about 2 minutes. In addition, Shoulder anterior-posterior and transthoracic projection were significant to diagnose subluxation. But in axial projection, there wasn't meaningful differences.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2000

To evaluation of patients who have shoulder impingement syndrome is by diagnostic radiography. Shoulder impingement is a problem which occurs in young, active individuals as well as older individuals. In fact, the pain is probably caused by repetitive stress placed on the shoulder joint either through recreational activities of your occupation. Impingement series approach to radiographic examination of the shoulder is take five projections. First anteroposterior oblique projection. Second standard anteroposterior projection. Third superoinferior axial projection. Fourth supraspinatus outlet projection offers a view of the outlet of the supraspinatus tendon unit as it passes under the coraacromial arch. Fifth anteroposterior $30^{\circ}$ caudal projection will adequately demonstrate the anterior acromial spur or ossification in the coraacromial ligament and more reliable to demonstrate spurring of the anterior acromion than supraspinatus outlet projection. This decreased the need for additional radiographic veiws, reduces the patient's exposure to x - ray radiation and decreases use of film. This can lower the cost of the evaluation and improve patient satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

In this study, we compared the alteration of test positions according to various test equipments when testing shoulder joint superoinferior axial to estimate the clinical usefulness of tiltable standing detector. Our objectives were patients who visited our hospital. Among them we chose patients who were prescribed to get a shoulder axial test, again we selected 30 patients whose abduction is more than 90 degree.(2008. Nov.$\sim$2009 Jan.) With the patients cooperation, we used CR(Agfa, Belgium), fixed-detector(Canon, japan), Tiltable-detector(Philips, Netherlands). Tested with only one equipment(tiltable detector), and posed with the other two. We surveyed 5 inspectors and 30 patients, asking them to rate the convenience of test position. Also, we checked how long it takes to have the image appear on screen after testing with the equipment We provided a standard for an assessment of the image to an expert in bone radiology, an orthopedist and a radiologist with 5 years experience. When the patients were asked about the convenience of the equipments, 15 people(50%) answered CR is convenient and 14 people(46.7%) answered the Tilting detector is convenient, showing not much difference. However, when the inspectors were asked the same question, 4people(80%) out of 5 answered that the Tilting detector is more convenient The time test showed that CR takes 2 minutes and 50 seconds, the Fixed detector 1minute and 48 seconds andor had no distortion showing the shoulder joint space. However, even though the Fixed detector showed ac the Tilting detector takes 1 minute and 43 seconds to bring the image to the screen after the position. The results of the value of image taken by each equipment, CR and the Tilting detectromion, coracoid process, due to the unstable pose, they were quite distorted and scored poor in observing glenoid fossa. By this study, we can see that testing the shoulder joint superoinferior axial projection with a detector that has a tilting device would be more convenient than testing it with a CR.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 2010

If a patient wearing arm sliding due to shoulder dislocation or fracture is impossible with abduction, the velpeau view is performed instead of superior-inferior axial projection view. However, it aggravates the patient's pain because it is difficult for the patient with dislocation or fracture to pull back the shoulders. Therefore, I suggest a new method of the 'modified velpeau view' that allows patients to lower their heads at examination. In order to investigate the easiness of fixing posture at examination and clinical utility, I conducted a study comparing the bone structures at the velpeau view and those at the modified velpeau view depending on wall-bucky and the patients' leaning forward angle ($30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}\;and\;75^{\circ}$), with the subjects of 20 velpeau view-prescribed patients amongst who had come to my hospital suspected of dislocation of shoulder or fracture and 30 healthy people from October of 2009 to January of 2010. Department of radiologists and orthopedics specialists evaluated the pictures for scales 0 to 5(best grade) under the given criteria. As a result of comparison in bone structures depending on wall-bucky and the leaning-forward angle in the group of healthy people, the velpeau view and the modified velpeau showed a similar diagnostic utility at $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. The picture evaluation result for proving diagnostic value showed that the anterior and posterior of shoulder heads and the anterior and posterior of glenoid fossa could be observed in the velpeau view; on the other hand, besides these areas acromioclavicular joint and coracoid process could be viewed in the modified velpeau view. This result verified that the modified velpeau view could replace the velpeau view for its diagnostic value as an examination method. This result, moreover, suggests that the modified velpeau view needs to be studied and improved from a variety of perspectives not only for an alternative for patients having troubles with the velpeau view position but also for clinical application of new test method for diagnosis of shoulder disorders other than dislocation of shoulder or fracture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.258-292
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• 1996

In the last year great interest appears to YBCO thin films preparation on different substrate materials. Preparation of epitaxial film is a very difficult problem. There are many requirements to substrate materials that must be fullfilled. Main problems are lattice mismatch (misfit) and similarity of structure. From paper [1] or follows that difference in interatomic distances and angles of substrate and film is mire important problem than similarity of structure. In this work we present interatomic distances and angle relations between substrate materials belonging to ABCO4 group (where A-Sr or Ca, B-rare earth element, C-Al or Ga) of different orientations and YBCO thin films. There are many materials used as substrates for HTsC thin films. ABCO4 group of compounds is characterized by small dielectric constants (it is necessary for microwave applications of HTsC films), absence of twins and small misfit [2]. There most interesting compounds CaNdAlO4, SrLaAlO4 and SrLaGaO4 were investigated. All these compounds are of pseudo-perovskite structure with space group 14/mmm. This structure is very similar to structure of YBCO. SLG substrate has the lowest misfit (0.3%) and dielectric constant. For preparation of then films of substrates of this group of compound plane of <100> orientation are mainly used. Good quality films of <001> orientations are obtained [3]. In this case not only a-a misfit play role, but c-3b misfit is very important too. Sometimes, for preparation of thin films substrates of <001> and <110> orientations were manufactured [3]. Different misfits for different YBCO faces have been analyzed. It has been found that the mismatching factor for (100) face is very similar to that for (001) face so there is possibility of preparation of thin films on both orientations. SrLaAlO4(SLA) and SrLaGaO4(SLG) crystals of general formula ABCO4 have been grown by the Czochralski method. The quality of SLA and SLG crystals strongly depends on axial gradient of temperature and growth and rotation rates. High quality crystals were obtained at axial gradient of temperature near crystal-melt interface lower than 50℃/cm, growth rate 1-3 mm/h and the rotation rate changing from 10-20pm[4]. Strong anisotropy in morphology of SLA and SLG single crystals grown by the Czochralski method is clearly visible. On the basics of our considerations for ABCO4 type of the tetragonal crystals there can appear {001}, {101}, and {110} faces for ionic type model [5]. Morphology of these crystals depend on ionic-covalent character of bonding and crystal growth parameters. Point defects are observed in crystals and they are reflected in color changes (colorless, yellow, green). Point defects are detected in directions perpendicular to oxide planes and are connected with instability of oxygen position in lattice. To investigate facets formations crystals were doped with Cr3+, Er3+, Pr3+, Ba2+. Chromium greater size ion which is substituted for Al3+ clearly induces faceting. There appear easy {110} faces and SLA crystals crack even then the amount of Cr is below 0.3at.% SLG single crystals are not so sensitive to the content of chromium ions. It was also found that if {110} face appears at the beginning of growth process the crystal changes its color on the plane {110} but it happens only on the shoulder part. The projection of {110} face has a great amount of oxygen positions which can be easy defected. Pure and doped SLA and SLG crystals measured by EPR in the<110> direction show more intensive lines than in other directions which allows to suggest that the amount of oxygen defects on the {110} plane is higher. In order to find the origin of colors and their relation with the crystal stability, a set of SLA and SLG crystals were investigated using optical spectroscopy. The colored samples exhibit an absorption band stretching from the UV absorption edge of the crystal, from about 240 nm to about 550 m. In the case of colorless sample, the absorption spectrum consists of a relatively weak band in the UV region. The spectral position and intensities of absorption bands of SLA are typical for imperfection similar to color centers which may be created in most of oxide crystals by UV and X-radiation. It is pointed out that crystal growth process of polycomponent oxide crystals by Czochralski method depends on the preparation of melt and its stoichiometry, orientation of seed, gradient of temperature at crystal-melt interface, parameters of growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth. Growth parameters have an influence on the morphology of crystal-melt interface, type and concentration of defects.