• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.2184-2188
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• 2007

We developed a novel method of partial discharge(PD) location based on the fact that the waveform of PD signal propagate along the GIB (Gas Insulated Bus) is composed of several modes of electromagnetic wave with different group velocities and cut-off frequencies. From the PD waveform, measured at a broadband PD sensor attached on the GIB, we could derive arrival time and frequency components of different modes using the short term Fourier transform or etc. After the group velocities of different modes are calculated, the location of the PD source could be estimated. To show the effectiveness of this new locating method in a real on site application, we used this method to locate the position of a PD source at a 76 m long 345 kV GIB substation. The estimated location of the PD source using the method proposed above was in good agreement with the actual location found from the inspection result of internal component in the GIB with 2.4% of the estimation error.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2000

The structural changes viewed from the molecular level have been investigated for the isothermal crystallization phenomena of polyethylene (PE) and the solvent-induced crystallization phenomenon of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) glassy sample. The data, which were collected by the time-resolved measurements of Fourier-transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, synchrotron-sourced small-angle X-ray scattering, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and so on, were combined together to extract the detailed structural information in these phase transition phenomena. In the case of PE, the isothermal crystallization from the melt to the orthorhombic form was found to occur via the conformationally-disordered trans chain form, followed by the formation of the lamellar stacking structure of regular orthorhombic-type crystals. In the case of sPS, the amorphous chains in the glassy sample were found to enhance the mobility through the interaction with the injected solvent molecules, which act as a trigger to cause the conformational ordering from the random coil to the regular T$_2$G$_2$-type helical form. The thus created short helical segments were found to grow into longer helices, which gathered together to form the crystallites, as revealed by the organized coupling of the infrared, Raman and X-ray scattering data.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2016

This paper derives and analyzes a novel block fast Fourier transform (FFT) based joint detection algorithm. The paper compares the performance and complexity of the novel block-FFT based joint detector to that of the Cholesky based joint detector and single user detection algorithms. The novel algorithm can operate at chip rate sampling, as well as higher sampling rates. For the performance/complexity analysis, the time division duplex (TDD) mode of a wideband code division multiplex access (WCDMA) is considered. The results indicate that the performance of the fast FFT based joint detector is comparable to that of the Cholesky based joint detector, and much superior to that of single user detection algorithms. On the other hand, the complexity of the fast FFT based joint detector is significantly lower than that of the Cholesky based joint detector and less than that of the single user detection algorithms. For the Cholesky based joint detector, the approximate Cholesky decomposition is applied. Moreover, the novel method can also be applied to any generic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2009년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.358-364
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 우리나라 주요 침엽수종인 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 활엽수종인 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis)의 낙엽에 대해 FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared) 분광계를 이용하여 배출 연소가스 종류 및 농도를 측정하였다. 실험결과 소나무와 굴참나무 낙엽에서 Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Acetic acid, Butyl acetate, Ethylene, Methane, Methanol, Nitrogen dioxide, Ammonia, Hydrogen Fluoride, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen bromide 등 13개 연소가스가 검출되었고 굴참나무 낙엽에서는 Nitrogen monoxide가 추가로 검출되었다. 방출된 연소가스의 전체 농도는 소나무 낙엽이 굴참나무 낙엽에 비해 4.5배 많이 검출되었다. 특히, 시간가중평균가스농도(TWA : Time-weighted average, ppm) 기준을 초과하는 연소가스는 Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Butyl acetate가 검출되었고 단시간노출기준(STEL : Short Term Exposure Limit, ppm) 기준을 초과하는 연소가스는 Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide로 소나무 및 굴참나무 모두에서 나타났다. 이에 산불에서의 낙엽층 지표화 연소시 전체 가스 방출량의 99% 이상을 차지하고 있는 Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide의 건강 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 검출된 다른 건강 위험성 가스의 경우에도 연소물질의 양이 증가할수록 연소가스의 농도가 높아져 건강안정성에 해가 있을 것으로 판단되며 또한 검출된 연소가스 중 나무의 주요구성 원소가 아닌 Bromide, Fluoride 화합물에 대해서는 토양으로부터의 오염 또는 분석과정에서의 노이즈로 인한 검출 등에 대한 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2001

Elastic-plastic fracture toughness JIC can be used a s an effective design criterion in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Among the JIC test methods approved by ASTM, unloading compliance method was used in this study. In order to examine the relationship between fracture behavior of JIC test and AE signals, the post processing of AE signals has been carried out by Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT), one of the time-frequency analysis methods. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of characterization of AE signals for unloading compliance method of JIC test. As a result of time-frequency analysis, we could extract the AE from the raw signal and analyze the frequencies in AE signal at the same time. AE signal generated by elastic-plastic fracture of material has some different aspects at elastic and plastic ranges, or the first portion of crack growth by fracture. First of all, increased energy recorded and detected by using AE count method increase rapidly from the start of ductile fracture. The variation of main frequency range with time-frequency analysis method could be confirmed. We could know fracture behavior of interior material by examination AE characteristics generated in real-time when elastic-plastic fracture occurred in material under loading.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2005

손상이 발생할 경우 복합재료의 기계적 물성치는 급격한 저하를 유발한다 특히, 조류충돌, 우박, 지상 이착륙 상황에서의 타이어 조각이나 돌조각 등과 같은 작은 질량에 의한 고속충격은 구조물과 서브시스템에 심각한 손상을 유발한다. 이런 복합재 적층판에서의 손상은 기존의 전통적인 방법으로 감지하기가 어려우며, 단일 감지 기술만을 이용하여 믿을 만한 손상평가 결과를 얻을 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 고분자 압전필름 센서를 이용하여 복합 적층판에서의 충격에 의한 손상의 개시 시점 및 확장을 탐지하였다. 획득한 센서신호는 시간-주파수 분석법인 웨이블릿 변환과 단시간 푸리에 변환을 적용하였으며, 초음파 C-scan과 전자현미경을 이용하여 시편에서의 손상 확장을 검사하였다 이 연구에서는 다양한 감지기술, 특히 고분자 압전 필름센서를 이용하여 복합재 적층판에서의 고속충격 손상 특성을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.177-201
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• 2014

With the increased size and flexibility of the tower and blades, structural vibrations are becoming a limiting factor towards the design of even larger and more powerful wind turbines. Research into the use of vibration mitigation devices in the turbine tower has been carried out but the use of dampers in the blades has yet to be investigated in detail. Mitigating vibrations will increase the design life and hence economic viability of the turbine blades and allow for continual operation with decreased downtime. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of Semi-Active Tuned Mass Dampers (STMDs) in reducing the edgewise vibrations in the turbine blades. A frequency tracking algorithm based on the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) technique is used to tune the damper. A theoretical model has been developed to capture the dynamic behaviour of the blades including the coupling with the tower to accurately model the dynamics of the entire turbine structure. The resulting model consists of time dependent equations of motion and negative damping terms due to the coupling present in the system. The performances of the STMDs based vibration controller have been tested under different loading and operating conditions. Numerical analysis has shown that variation in certain parameters of the system, along with the time varying nature of the system matrices has led to the need for STMDs to allow for real-time tuning to the resonant frequencies of the system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2014

Due to the shift in paradigm from passive control to adaptive control, smart tuned mass dampers (STMDs) have received considerable attention for vibration control in tall buildings and bridges. STMDs are superior to tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in reducing the response of the primary structure. Unlike TMDs, STMDs are capable of accommodating the changes in primary structure properties, due to damage or deterioration, by tuning in real time based on a local feedback. In this paper, a novel adaptive-length pendulum (ALP) damper is developed and experimentally verified. Length of the pendulum is adjusted in real time using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator. This can be achieved in two ways i) by changing the amount of current in the SMA wire actuator or ii) by changing the effective length of current carrying SMA wire. Using an instantaneous frequency tracking algorithm, the dominant frequency of the structure can be tracked from a local feedback signal, then the length of pendulum is adjusted to match the dominant frequency. Effectiveness of the proposed ALP-STMD mechanism, combined with the STFT frequency tracking control algorithm, is verified experimentally on a prototype two-storey shear frame. It has been observed through experimental studies that the ALP-STMD absorbs most of the input energy associated in the vicinity of tuned frequency of the pendulum damper. The reduction of storey displacements up to 80 % when subjected to forced excitation (harmonic and chirp-signal) and a faster decay rate during free vibration is observed in the experiments.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.2187-2193
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• 2010

주파수 변조된 연속적인 파형을 사용하는 레이다는 펄스 도플러 레이다에 비하여 구현이 비교적 간단하고 광대역, 저전력 신호의 특성 때문에 외부 탐지 가능성이 낮은 장점을 가진다. 이러한 레이다는 주로 단거리 영역에서 목표물에 대한 고해상도의 거리 및 속도정보를 얻고자 하는 목적으로 많이 활용되고 있다. 따라서 송신신호의 파형을 믹서로 인가하여 추출되는 비트 신호(beat signal)로부터 클러터 제거, 목표물에 대한 탐지여부, 거리 및 속도 정보추출 등의 목적으로 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 를 통한 스펙트럼 분석을 행하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 FFT 방법은 신호의 획득시간이 줄어들면 윈도우 효과로 인한 심각한 누설현상, 즉 지표면 반사파 등 강력한 클러터의 부엽에 의하여 상대적으로 낮은 전력을 갖는 신호의 탐지가 불가능해지는 문제가 생길 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 부엽의 크기를 낮추면서도 주파수 해상도를 적절하게 유지시킬 수 있는 가중치 윈도우 적용 방법에 대하여 분석하였다. 또한 다양한 동작환경을 고려한 모의 비트 신호를 발생시켜 가중치 윈도우 적용 방법에 따른 FFT 스펙트럼 분석 결과들을 고찰하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1752-1758
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• 2010

FM-CW 레이다는 구현이 비교적 간단하고 전자파 신호의 외부 탐지 가능성이 낮기 때문에 다양한 목적의 원격탐지 센서로 활용되고 있다. FM-CW 레이다는 주파수 변조된 연속적인 파형의 신호를 송신하고 반사 신호의 복조시에도 같은 신호를 기준 주파수로 사용한다. 따라서 목표물의 거리 및 속도 정보는 비트신호 주파수 형태로 수신되어진다. 그러나 고속으로 이동하는 목표물의 경우 레이다에서의 신호획득 시간이 현저히 짧아질 수 있기 때문에 기존의 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 방식에 의한 스펙트럼 추정은 그 해상도 및 정확도가 심각하게 열화 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 모델 파라메터 추정 방법인 AR(Autoregressive) 방법을 적용하여 거리 및 속도 추정 정확도와 해상도를 개선할 수 있음을 보였다.