• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

사구체에 면역글로불린은 음성이면서 C3 만 침착되는 경우, 다른 원인이 없는 경우 C3GN을 의심하여야 한다. 광학현미경으로는 세포의 증식이 있는 경우와 없는 경우가 있지만, 전자현미경으로는 EDD가 내피세포 밑으로 혹은 메산지움 등에 침착함을 확인하여야 한다. 대체보체경로의 조절이상이 원인임으로 혈청 C3 치를 비롯하여 CFH, CFI, CFB 등을 측정하여야 하며, C3 nephritic factor, anti-factor H 자가항체 등을 조사하는 것이 필요하다. 보체 조절이상을 일으키는 유전자 돌연변이를 조사해 보아야 한다. 예후는 안정적이지만, 치료는 대증적이다. 이론적으로 보체의 활성화를 저지하는 약으로 가능할 것으로 생각되며, C5 항체인 eculizumab으로 치유된 보고도 있다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-95
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• 2009

The ever-increasing government budget constraints have led to a continued decline in the increase rate for defense spending, and the government's 5-year National Fiscal Management Plan has served to reinforce the verification and validation procedures for the Force Improvement Programs (FIP) budget requirements and performance. Additionally, as large programs are controlled in accordance with the Total Program Cost Management Guidelines, timely and credible feasibility study and performance measurement need to be conducted. Due to these internal and external circumstances, needs have surged for feasibility and economic effectiveness study for big ticket projects in the FIP sector, with an increasing number of studies conducted by external research institutes. However, questions have been raised regarding the credibility and thoroughness of the program analyses performed by these research institutes due to various restrictions. This paper analyzes and identifies the structural limitations and problems using a systems thinking approach, and examines the systemic characteristics of the program analysis system. It also presents policy intervention recommendations based on the theory of systems thinking, a method to regularize and reinforce the program analysis system. Policy interventions recommended to ensure alignment of the external studies to the clear analysis objectives and resolve the bottlenecks in the external analysis include training those in charge of external study commissioning for a short term intervention, and increasing the number of research institutes and consulting agencies utilizing analysis and evaluation experts who transition to the private sector from the military for a long term intervention. additionally presented are strategies and policy alternatives to best utilize these policy interventions. They will contribute to the stable funding of Force Improvement Programs and efficient utilization of defense budget.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2006

The antitumor activity of crude saponin mixture obtained from Luffa tuberosa (Roxb.) (Fam; Cucurbitaceae) hairy roots (CSLT) in mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC-bearing mice receiving 150 and $300{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, (i.p) of CSLT have shown a dose dependent elevation in tumor-tree survival and a highest number of survivors were observed after administration of CSLT $(300{\mu}g/kg)$, which was considered as an optimum dose for its antineoplastic action. The mean survival time (MST) for this dose was approximately $47.1{\pm}0.74d$, when compared with $19.0{\pm}0.36d$ of untreated control. Administration of $300{\mu}g/kg$ CSLT resulted in 130% long-term increased survival time. The measurement of body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable count indicated the efficacy of CSLT in tumor-bearing mice, there was a significant recovery in hematological profiles, and there was depletion in lipid peroxidation levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as GSH, SOD and CAT were restored to near the normal levels. The CSLT was found to be devoid of conspicuous short-term toxicity in the mice when animals were intraperitoneally injected with 250, 500, 750 and $1000{\mu}g/kg$ bodyweight. The treated mice showed conspicuous toxic symptoms only at a dose of $1500{\mu}g/kg$. Mortality of the animals was monitored up to 14 d post drug treatment, $1/7^{th}$ of the $LD_{50}$ dose has been considered for the optimal antineoplastic activity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

In this study, two kinds of soil-based proficiency testing materials (PTMs), NICE-012L and NICE-012R were prepared and certified for Benzen, Toluene, Etylbenzene and Xylene with evaluation of uncertainties. In order to analyse BTEX (Benzen Toluene Etylbenzene Xylene) for the candidate materials, GC/MS was used after pretreatment according to methods of soil analysis by Ministry of Environment. For the homogeneity test among bottles in terms of candidate materials, ISO 13528 and IUPAC Protocol were used and according to the result, both candidate materials showed sufficient homogeneity. Also, the stability test over the candidate materials was accessed according to the ISO Guide 35 by classifying short-term and long-term stability and the result showed that both candidate materials showed decent stability. The reference values of the two candidate materials depending on BTEX components were derived from the average of the 11 samples that were used for verification of the samples' homogeneity. Uncertainty of measurement was combined by uchar that was caused by a characteristic value, $u_{bb}$ that was caused by between-bottle homogeneity, and $u_{stab}$ that was caused by stability, and then combined uncertainty ($u_{PTM}$) was multiplied to the coverage factor (k) derived from the effective degree of freedom from each factor that leads to expanded uncertainty (U) in about 95% of confidence level. The proficiency testing materials developed through this study were supplied to National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) and utilized as an external proficiency testing materials for evaluating analysis capacity of soil agencies with specialty in terms of soil analysis approved by Minister of Environment.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

본 연구는 디지털미디어 서비스를 제공하는 플랫폼 사업자들의 콘텐츠 공급과 이용의 다양성을 장기간에 걸친 종단적 데이터로 측정하고 그 함의를 논의하기 위한 연구이다. 유료방송 사업자의 승인 및 재허가에 있어 방송의 공공성, 공익성을 평가하는 항목으로 다양성 지표에 대한 측정시도가 있었으나 주로 횡단적인 공급측면의 다양성 측정 방법론에 그치고 있다. 따라서 연구자는 본 연구를 통해 두가지 측면의 평가 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 첫째, 공급측면 이외에 이용자의 실제 시청 데이터를 활용한 수요측면의 측정방법론, 둘째, 장기적인 다양성 추구의 변화 과정을 평가하는 종단평가 방법론을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 특정 플랫폼 사업자의 실제 공급, 수요 데이터를 확보하여 2012년에서 2017년에 이르는 50여개월간의 종단적 다양성 추구 지표의 추세를 확인하였다. 이 연구를 통해 횡단적 평가와 공급중심의 평가의 한계를 넘어 보다 균형 잡힌 방송의 공공성, 공익성 평가 방법으로 공급과 수요측면 및 종단적 다양성 평가가 새롭게 활용될 것으로 기대하는 바이다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of foot angles on plantar pressure and the center of pressure (COP) trajectory length during level walking. Methods: The study subjects were 30 female university students without orthopedic diseases in the foot. The foot angle was divided into three forms (out-toeing, normal, in-toeing). The subjects practiced each type of gait, and then performed each of level walking, three times, and their averages were calculated. A plantar pressure measurement instrument was used, and the maximum force was obtained by dividing the foot into nine regions covering the anterior medial-lateral, middle medial-lateral, and posterior medial-lateral. The COP trajectory length was statistically processed by obtaining medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, and entire travel distance. Results: During normal walking, the maximum force was significantly higher in the anterior lateral than in the other areas, and the COP trajectory length was significantly shorter in the front-back and entire travel distances (p<0.05). During stair climbing. Conclusion: Walking at abnormal foot angles does not cause appreciable problems in the short term as pressure is concentrated on a specific plantar part. However, it becomes the cause of deformed foot structures and can result in musculoskeletal disabilities in the long term. Therefore, a kinesiatrics-based intervention is required to maintain normal foot angles.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2023

Background: Understanding the stability of quantitative sensory tests (QSTs) over time is important to aid clinicians in selecting a battery of tests for assessing and monitoring patients. This study evaluated the short- and long-term reliability of selected QSTs. Methods: Twenty healthy women participated in three experimental sessions: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 months. Measurements included pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in the neck, upper back, and leg; Pressure-cuff pain tolerance around the upper-arm; conditioned pain modulation during a pressure-cuff stimulus; and referred pain following a suprathreshold pressure stimulation. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Results: Reliability for PPT was excellent for all sites at 2 weeks (ICC, 0.96-0.99; MDC, 22-55 kPa) and from good to excellent at 6 months (ICC, 0.88-0.95; MDC, 47-91 kPa). ICC for pressure-cuff pain tolerance indicated excellent reliability at both times (0.91-0.97). For conditioned pain modulation, reliability was moderate for all sites at 2 weeks (ICC, 0.57-0.74; MDC, 24%-35%), while it was moderate at the neck (ICC, 0.54; MDC, 27%) and poor at the upper back and leg at 6 months. ICC for referred pain areas was excellent at 2 weeks (0.90) and good at 6 months (0.86). Conclusions: PPT, pressure pain tolerance, and pressure-induced referred pain should be considered reliable procedures to assess the pain-sensory profile over time. In contrast, conditioned pain modulation was shown to be unstable. Future studies prospectively analyzing the pain-sensory profile will be able to better calculate appropriate sample sizes.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권3A호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

풍하중이 지배적인 구조물의 경우에 정확한 설계풍속의 산정은 구조적 안정성뿐만 아니라 경제성까지도 좌우하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 광양대교 현장에 설치된 관측탑에서 약 1년간 측정한 풍속을 사용하여 풍환경을 분석하였고, MCP(Measure-Correlate-Predict) 방법을 적용하여 관측치로부터 장기 풍속을 추정하였다. 그 결과를 보면, 광양만은 바다이지만 개활지에 가까운 풍속 특성을 나타내고 있으며, 조도지수는 고도에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 풍향에 따라 난류강도와 조도지수가 상당히 차이나는 것으로 나타났다. MCP 방법으로 추정한 200년빈도 설계풍속은 초기설계치보다 20 m/s이상 낮았으며, 실측된 풍속과 거스트계수를 고려한 설계풍하중은 초기설계치의 36%밖에 안되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 볼 때 국부적인 지형의 영향으로 추정한 교량 현장의 풍환경과 직접 측정한 풍환경은 차이가 나므로, 경제적이고 안전한 설계를 위해서는 단기간이라도 현장 풍환경 관측이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.411-429
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• 2015

The Korea Ministry of Environment has established an air quality standard for $PM_{2.5}$ in 2012 and it is effective from January 2015. In this study, we review various aspects of $PM_{2.5}$ in China, including its measurement, modeling, source apportionment, and health effect, and suggest future research directions for $PM_{2.5}$ studies in Korea. Measurements studies for $PM_{2.5}$ have examined organic marker compounds and $^{14}C$ as well as inorganic aerosols for distinguishing sources. Modeling results supported that the control of $PM_{2.5}$ pollution in big city needs effective cooperation between city and its surrounding regions. The major $PM_{2.5}$ sources in China have been identified to be secondary sulfur, motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, dust, biomass burning, and industrial sources, however, they have seasonal dependency. Especially, the severe haze pollution event during January 2013 over eastern and northern China was driven to a large extent by secondary aerosol formation. Short-term exposure to $PM_{2.5}$ is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as total non-accidental mortality. Considered previous $PM_{2.5}$ studies in China, analysis of specific organic species using online measurement, chamber experiment for secondary aerosol formation mechanism, and development of parameterizing this process in the model are needed to elucidate factors governing the abundance and composition of $PM_{2.5}$ in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

Purpose: Plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), an emerging, sensitive, and specific biomarker of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), rapidly decreases in infants receiving cyclooxygenase inhibitors for ductal closure. We investigated the usefulness of serial BNP measurement as a guide for individual identification of early constrictive responses to ibuprofen in preterm infants with symptomatic PDA (sPDA). Methods: Before March 2010, the standard course of pharmacological treatment was initiated with indomethacin (or ibuprofen) and routinely followed by 2 additional doses at intervals of 24 hours. After April 2010, individualized pharmacological treatment was used, starting with the first dose of ibuprofen and withholding additional ibuprofen doses if the BNP concentration was <600 pg/mL and clinical symptoms of PDA improved. Results: The BNP-guided group received significantly fewer doses of ibuprofen than the standard group did during the first course of treatment and the entire study period. The need for further doses of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and for surgical ligation was not significantly different between the 2 groups. No significant differences were seen in clinical outcomes and/or complications related to sPDA and/or pharmacological treatment. Conclusion: Individualized BNP-guided pharmacological treatment may be used clinically to avoid unnecessary doses of cyclooxygenase inhibitors without increasing the ductal closure failure and the short-term morbidity related to sPDA.