• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.96-108
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• 2018

Large efforts have recently been made on research and development of sustainable and energy-efficient short-cut nitrogen removal processes owing to strong attention to the energy neutral/positive wastewater treatment system. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) have been highlighted since 1990's due to their unique advantages including 60% less energy consumption, nearly 100% reduction for carbon source requirement, and 80% less sludge production. Side-stream short-cut nitrogen removal using anammox bacteria and partial nitritation anammox (PN/A) has been well established, whereas substantial challenges remain to be addressed mainly due to undesired main-stream conditions for anammox bacteria. These include low temperature, low concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, free ammonia, free nitrous acid or a combination of those. In addition, an anammox side-stream nitrogen management is insufficient to reduce overall energy consumption for energy-neutral or energy positive water resource recovery facility (WRRF) and at the same time to comply with nitrogen discharge regulation. This implies the development of the successful main-stream anammox based technology will accelerate a conversion of current wastewater treatment plants to sustainable water and energy recovery facility. This study discusses the status of the research, key mechanisms & interactions of the protagonists in the main-stream PN/A, and control parameters and major challenges in process development.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2010

축산폐수는 고농도의 유기물 및 질소를 함유하고 있으므로 적절한 처리 방법이 요구된다. 본 연구는 황을 이용한 독립영양 탈질 방법으로 질산성 질소에서 질소가스로의 탈질이 아닌 아질산성질소에서의 황산화 탈질을 연구하였으며 탈질 미생물의 최적 성장 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 초기 알칼리도가 충분한 조건에서는 아질산성질소 탈질 저해가 관찰되지 않았으며 실험온도가 $20^{\circ}C$인 경우에도 $30^{\circ}C$와 비교할 때 큰 저해 없이 탈질이 진행되었다. 하지만 초기 아질산성질소의 농도 300 mg/L 이상에서 lag phase가 늘어나 기질저해가 나타났다. 알칼리도가 충분하지 않은 조건에서 질산성질소의 탈질효율은 10%인 반면 아질산성질소의 탈질의 95% 이상이었다. 산소가 존재할 경우 산소를 이용하여 탈질이 이루어지지 않았음에도 불구하고 황산화 미생물이 산소를 이용하여 황산염의 농도가 증가하였다. 아질산성질소 탈질 시 알칼리도의 소모가 관찰되었으나 질산염 탈질시 보다 알칼리도의 소모가 적었으며 황산염 생성 또한 적었다. 황이용 아질산성 질소 탈질은 외부탄소원의 추가적인 주입 없이 저렴한 황입자를 이용하며 질산성질소 황산화 탈질의 단점인 알칼리도 파괴, 황산염이온 생성의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 효과적인 탈질 방법이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2002

Recently, interests to remove nitrogen in the nitritation process have increased because of its economical advantages, since it could be a short-cut process to save both oxygen for nitrification and carbon for denitrification compared to a typical nitrification. However, the kinetics related with the nitritation process has not yet been fully understood. Furthermore, many useful models which have been successfully used for wastewater treatment processes cannot be used to estimate effluent nitrite concentration for evaluating performance of the nitritation process, since the process rate equations and population of microorganisms for nitrogen removal in these models have been set up only for the condition of full nitrification. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate an effluent nitrite concentration in the nitritation process with a concept of enzymatic inhibition kinetics based on long-term laboratory experiments. Using a nonlinear least squares regression method, kinetic parameters were accurately determined. By setting up a process rate equation along with a mass balance equation of the nitrite-oxidizing step, an effluent nitrite concentration in the nitritation process was then successfully estimated.