• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2018

Unlike general VHR (Very-High-Resolution) satellite sensors that are mainly for panchromatic and MS (Multispectral) imaging, Worldview-3 sensor additionally provides eight SWIR (Short Wavelength Infrared) bands in wavelength range from 1198 nm to 2365 nm. This study investigates the effect of informative Worldview-3 SWIR bands for wetland classification performance. Worldview-3 imagery acquired over Sunchon Bay, which is a coastal wetland located in South Korea, is used to implement the classification. Land-cover classes for the scene are determined by referring to national land-cover maps, which are provided by the Ministry of Environment, overlapped with the scene. After that, training data for each determined class are collected. In order to analyze the effect of SWIR bands, classifications with and without SWIR bands are carried out and the results are then compared. In this regard, a SVM (Support Vector Machine) is utilized as their classifier. As a result of the accuracy assessments performed by test data that are independently extracted from training data, it was confirmed that classification performance was improved when the SWIR bands are included as input features for SVM-based classification.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.760-762
• /
• 2003

This study confirmed the usefulness of short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) in the discrimination and classification of evergreen forest types. A forested area near Hisayama and Sasaguri in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, served as the study area. Warm-temperate forest vegetation dominates the study site vegetation. Coniferous plantation forest, natural broad-leaved forest, and bamboo forest were analyzed using LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR remote sensing data. Samples were extracted for the three forest types, and reflectance factors were compared for each band. Kappa coefficients of various band combinations were also compared by classification accuracy. For the LANDSAT5/TM data observed in April, October, and November, Bands 5 and 7 showed significant differences between bamboo, broad-leaved, and coniferous forests. The same significant difference was not recognized in the visible or near-infrared regions. Classification accuracy, determined by supervised classification, indicated distinct improvements in band combinations with SWIR, as compared to those without SWIR. Similar results were found for both LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR data. This study identified obvious advantages in using SWIR data in forest-type discrimination and classification.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.51
• /
• pp.9.1-9.10
• /
• 2021

Brain disorders seriously affect life quality. Therefore, non-invasive neuroimaging has received attention to monitoring and early diagnosing neural disorders to prevent their progress to a severe level. This short review briefly describes the current MRI and PET/CT techniques developed for non-invasive neuroimaging and the future direction of optical imaging techniques to achieve higher resolution and specificity using the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region of wavelength with organic molecules.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.335-347
• /
• 2016

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of diverse carbonate rocks can be investigated by using VNIRSWIR(visible near infrared-short wavelength infrared) spectroscopic analysis as a rapid, nondestructive, and inexpensive tool. Comparing whole rock analysis to VNIR-SWIR spectroscopic analysis, the analytical method was investigated to estimate CaO contents, mud impurity, and whiteness of carbonate rocks involved in high-grade limestones in the field. We classify typical carbonate rocks in the upper Pungchon Formation in high-grade limestone mine area such as the Gangweon, Chungmu and Baegun mine in the Jeongseon area. The results show that powdered specimen has much higher reflectance than cutted specimen between the same sample. Whiteness is highly correlated with reflectance(0.99) for powdered specimen. The absorption of mineral mixtures shifts in position as a result of the mass ratio of calcite and dolomite in the Chungmu mine by changing to 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. The absorption peak position in carbonate mixtures is highly correlated with CaO contents(0.98~0.99). Based on color system, the carbonate rocks are grouped into (milky) white, light grey, light brown, grey, and dark grey. The absorption peak position shifts from 2340 nm to 2320 nm as CaO contents decrease from 55.86 wt.% to 29.71 wt.%. We confirmed that absorption peak position shifts depending on the amount of Ca, which is bonded to $CO{_3}^{-2}$, Mg, and Fe contents replacing Ca. This result suggests that CaO contents in carbonate rocks can be considered to quantitative analysis in the field by spectroscopic analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2000

The Near Infrared region of the energy spectrum was first discovered by Hershel in the year 1800. The principles of NIR is based on light absorption of specific organic chemical bonds. The absorption at each wavelength is measured and a spectre is obtained. The spectre is then treated mathematically and with the absorption data is converted to absolute units via a calibration. In the last two decades it has developed dramatically. With the invention of computers and the ability to treat a large amount of data in a very short time the use of NIR for many different purposes has developed very fast. During the last decade with the aid of very powerful PC's the application of NIR technology has become even more widespread. Now or days development of very robust calibrations can be done in a relatively short time with a minimum of resources. The use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) in the Meat industry is relatively new. The first installations were taken into operation in the 80ties. The Meat Industry in often referred to as rather conservative and slow to embrace new technologies, they stay with the old and proven methods. The first NIR instruments used by the Meat Industry, and most other industries, were multipurpose build, which means that the sample presentation was not well suited to this particular application, or many other applications for that sake. As the Meat Industry grows and develops to meet the demands of the modern markets, they realise the need for better control of processes and final products. From the early 90 ties and onward the demand for 'rear time' rapid results starts growing, and some suppliers of NIR instruments (and instruments based on other technologies, like X-ray) start to develop and manufacture instrumentation dedicated to the particular needs of the Meat Industry. Today it is estimated that there are approximately 2000 rapid instruments placed in the Meat industry world-wide. By far most of these are used as at-line or laboratory installations, but the trend and need is moving towards real on-line or in-line solutions. NIR is the most cost effective and reproducible analytical procedure available for the twenty first century.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1516-1516
• /
• 2001

During the recent years, wine analysis has played an increasing role due the health benefits of phenolic ingredients in red wine [1]. On the other hand there is the need to be able to distinguish between different wine varieties. Consumers want to know if a wine is an adulterated one or if it is based on the pure grape. Producers need to certificate their wines in order to ensure compliance with legal regulations. Up to now, the attempts to investigate the origin of wines were based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PMS) [l,2,3]. These methods need sample pretreatment, long analysis times and therefore lack of high sample throughput. In contradiction to these techniques using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), no sample pretreatment is necessary and the analysis time for one sample is only about 10 seconds. Hence, a near infrared spectroscopic method is presented that allows a fast classification of wine varieties in bottled red wines. For this, the spectra of 50 bottles of Cabernet Sauvignon, Lagrein and Sangiovese (Chianti) were recorded without any sample pretreatment over a wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm with a resolution of 12 cm$\^$-1/. 10 scans were used for an average spectrum. In order to yield best reproducibility, wines were thermostated at 23$^{\circ}C$ and a optical layer thickness of 3 mm was used. All recorded spectra were partitioned into a calibration and validation set (70% and 30%). Finally, a 3d scatter plot of the different investigated varieties allowed to distinguish between Cabernet Sauvignon, Lagrein and Sangiovese (Chianti). Considering the short analysis times this NRS-method will be an interesting tool for the quality control of wine verification and also for experienced sommeliers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2020

In modern air combat, infrared signals play an important role in the detection of opponents and must be reduced to improve survivability and stealth. In particular, IR signals generated in the wake of aircraft engines have high intensity and short wavelengths, so most heat-tracking missiles detect these signals. Accordingly, the measurement and characteristic analysis of Gas radiation signals from the engine's wake were carried out in this study. Micro turbojet engine has been configured to simulate a real aircraft turbofan engine, and the characteristics of IR signal reduction by adjusting the bypass ratio were identified. Through this, the IR signal characteristics for each wavelength are analyzed and verification of signal reduction technologies is performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1518-1518
• /
• 2001

In the area of the destruction-free NIR analysis of fruit and vegetables development has not yet progressed as far as in grain and similar products. One reason for that is, that in contrast to grains, in fruit and vegetables water appears as the outstanding main-component making up typically 80% by weight of the fruit. Of the M absorption spectrum of pure water the bands at 1450, 970 and 760 nm are the first, second and third overtones respectively of O-H stretch while those at 1940 and 1190 are combination bands involving O-H stretch and O-H bend. The choice of band for spectrometry is governed by considerations of sensitivity and selectivity. The overtone bands are satisfactory for use in moisture measurements from 0 to 4 % depending on path length. Measurements in fruits and vegetables at wavelength areas that are also important for the determination of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, fructose) often lead to total absorption in the presence of significant water even if short path lengths are possible. In this work model systems are used containing different carbohydrates in solvents like heavy water (D$_2$O) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) that do not contain O-H functional groups.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.55-70
• /
• 1991

Infrared emission maps are constructed at 12.5, 25, 60, and $100{\mu}m$ for dark globules B5, B34, B133, B134, B361, L134 and L1523 by using Infrared Astronomical Satellite data base. These clouds are selected on the basis of their appearance in Palomar print as dark obscuring objects with angular sizes in the range of 3 to 30 arcminutes. The short wavelength(12.5 and $25{\mu}m$) maps show the embedded infrared sources. We found many such sources only in B5, B361 and B34 regions, Diffuse component at 12.5 and $25{\mu}m$, possibly arising from the stochastically heated very small dust grains(a < $0.01{\mu}m$) by interstellar radiation field, is found in B361 and L1523 regions. Such emission is characterized by the limb brightening, and it is confirmed in L1523 and in B361. Infrared emissions at the long wavelengths(60 and $100{\mu}m$) are due to colder dusts with temperature less than 20 K. The distribution of color index determined by the ratio 60 to $100{\mu}m$ intensities shows monotonic decrease of dust temperature toward the center. The black body temperature determined from these ratios is found to lie between 16 and 23 K. Such temperature is possible for small(i.e., $a\;{\lesssim}\;0.01{\mu}m$) graphite grains if the grains are mainly heated by interstellar radiation field. Thus IRAS 100 and $60{\mu}m$ emissions are arising mainly from small grains in the colud. The distribution of such dust grains implied from the emissivity distributions at 100 and $60{\mu}m$ resembles that of isothermal sphere. This contrasts to earlier findings of much steeper distribution of dusts contributing visible extinction. These dust grains are mainly larger ones(i.e., $a{\simeq}0.1{\mu}m$). Therefore we conclude that the average grain size increase, toward the cloud center.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.472-483
• /
• 2024

This paper presents an intuitive method for selecting an optical material for achromatic and athermal design using the material selection index (MSI). In addition, in the case of a wide wavelength range such as a short-wave infrared (SWIR) waveband, we propose a new material selection method for apochromatic and athermal design by introducing the relative error of partial dispersion (REPD) and a first-order quantity redistribution method. To obtain a suitable material for effective apochromatic design, we first evaluate the REPDs of all lenses, deviated from that of an equivalent lens. Materials with a small REPD are then selected on a glass map to correct residual chromatic aberration while maintaining the existing MSI values to realize athermalization simultaneously. Using this proposed glass selection method, we successfully obtained an apochromatic and athermal telephoto system for SWIR that realizes stable performance over the specified temperature and wide waveband ranges.