• Title/Summary/Keyword: Shoot multiplication

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Micropropagation through Stem, Node-bud Shoot Tip and Bulblet Scale Culture in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (패모의 줄기, 마디, 정단 및 자구인편 배양에 의한 기내 증식)

  • Peak, Kee-Yoeup;Yu, Kwang-Jin;Seong, Nak-Sul;Choi, In-Sick;Cho, Jin-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 1994
  • This experiment was carried out to establish micropropagation system in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Through the culture of bulblet scales, stems, node-buds and shoot tips with special reference to the effect of physiological age of explant and plant growth regulators on bulblet formation. Number of formed bulblets was significantly increased in node-bud or stem tissue compared to scals segments and on the medium supplemented with kinetin than BA containing medium. Optimum levels of kinetin for bulblet formation from node-bud taken from above 3 cm shoot length and stem segments excised from below 3 cm shoot length were 5.0 mg /L and $1.0{\sim}3.0\;mg$ /L kinetin, respectively. Interesting phenomenon was observed, the direct formation of bulblets from the axilliary bud of cultured explants. Bulblet forming capacity in stem tissue was depended on stem age, young stem had high regeneration ability compared to old stem taken from above 10 cm shoot length. 1.0 mg /L kinetin was optimum concentration for the formation of bulblets from old stem segments. Stem tissue taken from underground growing plant was promoted coampare to shoot tips or bulb scale segments. Optimum concentration of sucrose was $5{\sim}7%$. Summariged above results revealed that effective explant for micropropagation was stem and /or node-bud tissue excised from less than 3 cm plant height compared to those of bulb scale segments which showed high contamination after culture. Maximum multiplication rate of young stem and /or node-bud segment was about 20 times. Kinetin requirement for stimulation of bulblet formation from cultured explant depended on source of explants but favorable levels of kinetin for organogenesis ranged from 1.0 mg /L to 5.0 mg /L.

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Adventitious Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration from Explants of Solanum nigrum L. (까마중(Solanum nigrum L.)의 유식물 절편체에서 부정아 형성 및 식물체 재분화)

  • Oh, Soon-Ja;Koh, Seok-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, the effects of plant growth regulators on adventitious shoot and root formation of various explants of $in$ $vitro$ seedlings of $Solanum$ $nigrum$ L. were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the high-efficiency plant regeneration of this species. The formation of adventitious shoots was higher in leaf explants than in cotyledon, hypocotyl, or epicotyl explants at low concentrations (0.5~2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ ) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of adventitious shoots and the shoot length were also higher in both leaf and cotyledon explants. In particular, 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP was most effective for stimulating the induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots. In terms of root formation and root development from shoots that were separated from multiple shoots, indole butyric acid (IBA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were more effective than ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of rooting as well as the number of roots per shoot (4.0), root length (7.82 cm), and shoot length (8.76 cm) was highest on MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA. Furthermore, 100% of the regenerated plantlets survived when transplanted to compost soil. These results suggest that leaf explants are the best source for the high-efficiency regeneration of $S.$ $nigrum$ L., and that 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP and 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA are the best conditions for shoot and root induction, respectively.

Multiple Shoot Induction on the New Cltivar, Saxifraga fortunei 'Greenstar' by Different Media and Plant Growth Rregulators (배지 및 생장조절제 종류를 이용한 바위떡풀 신품종 '그린스타' 의 다신초 유도)

  • Suh, Jong-Taek;Ryu, Seung-Yeol;Yoo, Dong-Lim;Nam, Chun-Woo;Hur, Youn-Young
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to develop in vitro propagation techniques of new cultivar, 'Greenstar', bred by Highland Agriculture Research Center. The multiple shoot induction and plant growth of in vitro plant were analyzed by MS media concentration (1/2 MS, 1 MS and 2 MS medium), plant growth regulators and its proper concentration; CPPU [Forchlorfenuron(N-(2-chloro-4-pridyl)-3-phenylurea) (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), thidiazuron [(TDZ), (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), zeatin (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and BA [6-benzylaminiopurine(BA), (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)] in MS (3% sugar and 0.8% agar with pH 5.7) media. The highest number of induced shoots, leaves and roots were shown in 1/2 MS medium concentration. On the 1/2 MS medium, shoot numbers, shoot length, leaf numbers and root numbers were 11.0, 1.9 cm, 24.7, and 8.0, respectively. On the absence of CPPU in the 1/2 MS medium, shoot length and root numbers was greater than CPPU treatment, but the highest number of shoots was induced by the $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU concentration in 1/2MS medium. TDZ, zeatin, and BA treatments were not effective on the induction of multiple shoot in vitro culture. As a result, in vitro culture of new Saxifraga fortunei, 'Greenstar' with $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU in 1/2 MS medium was most effective for the rapid multiplication.

In Vitro Mass Propagation and Soil Adjastment of Zanthoxylum piperitum var. inerme Makino through Apical Meristem Culture (生長點 培養에 依한 민초피나무(Zanthoxylum piperitum var. inerme Makino)의 器內 大量 增殖 및 土壤 活着)

  • Jeong, Woo-Gyu;Lee, Sang-Rae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 1993
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators and medium composition on the growth of each stage in apical meristem culture for mass propagation of Zanthoxylum piperitum var. inerme Makino. The source material, shoot tip segments were taken from three-years old graft trees. Apical meristems were cultured in vitro on basal MS, GD, WS, half strength MS(1/2MS) and half strength GD(1/2GD) media supplemented with various concentrations for growth regulators(BA, IBA) and inorganic nutrients. The results summarized are as follows: 1. In culture establishment stage, ratio of culture establishment was 96.7% and the best resuit was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BA and 0.2mg/l IBA. 2. In shoot multitication stage, both shoot multiplication and growth were achieved in average 5.6cm. These results were obtained on in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BA and 0.2mg/l IBA. 3. In roothing stage, phloroglucinol(PG) acted as IBA synergist in root initiation. The most faverable combinations for root development was half-strength MS medium supplemented with 162mg/l PG and 0.2mg/l IBA, and ratio of rooting was 58.0%. 4. In Vitro formed plantlets were transplanted to paper pots in greenhouse with 85% of relative humidity. 96% of survival rate was obtained from artificial soil mix having same volume of sand, vermiculite, peat, and soil.

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Effect of carbon source and concentration on in vitro regeneration and propagation in Lycopus lucidus by node culture (쉽싸리의 기내 마디배양 시 탄소급원의 종류와 농도가 식물체 재분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Na-Nyum;Kim, Ji Ah;Kim, Yong Wook;Kim, Tae Dong
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2018
  • We examined the effect of carbon sources on the regeneration and ex vitro acclimatization of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. Plantlets were regenerated on the 1/2MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (3 ~ 10%) of sucrose and glucose. The sucrose concentrations of 3% and 5% that were supplied enhanced shoot multiplication and rooting but hampered high concentration growth (including the length of the shoot and root). During ex vitro acclimatization, the tuberization of the root, the root length, the shoot length and the survival rate of Lycopus lucidus plantlets grown using 3% and 5% sucrose were found to be better than the other carbon sources and concentrations. Thus a sucrose concentration of 3% and 5% in the 1/2MS medium appeared to be better for both in vitro growth and ex vitro acclimatization of Lycopus lucidus.

Micropropagation of a rare plant species, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var. alpinus N. (희귀식물 제주황기의 미세번식)

  • Han, Mu Seok;Noh, Seol Ah;Kwak, Myung Cheol;Moon, Heung Kyu
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 2014
  • In order to develop an efficient in vitro micropropagation technique for a rare plant species, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var. alpinus N., shoot proliferation and in vitro or in vivo rootings were conducted and hyperhydrated leaf generated from cultures was histologically observed. During shoot induction, no distinct effect on multiple shoot induction was found between BA and kinetin treatment. BA enhanced the number of internodes, whereas kinetin stimulated shoot elongation. Hyperhydrated leaf composed of bigger cells and retarded palisade parenchyma and showed irregular cell arrangement compared to normal leaf. Especially starch content in hyperhydrated leaf was significantly reduced. The best rooting rate was achieved by B5 medium among three different medium (B5, MS and WPM) and 0.1mg/L IBA treatment induced the highest rooting ratio (80%). No statistical difference was induced by explant types (apical bud or axillary bud) in terms of rooting ratio. In vivo cutting induced rooting rate up to 65% by 0.5% IBA/Talc powder treatment. Although in vivo rooting rate was less efficient compared to in vitro rooting, better survival rate was observed after soil acclimatization. Present study suggested that above micropropagation techniques can be used for rapid multiplication as well as in vitro or in vivo conservation of the species.

Effective Micropropagation of Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana through Apical Meristem Culture (할미꽃 정단 분열조직 배양을 통한 효율적 미세번식)

  • Ko, Jeong-Ae;Kim, Hyun-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.362-367
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    • 2008
  • In order to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on effective in vitro micropropagation, apical meristems of Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 2,4-D, NAA, TDZ and BA. Media containing 2,4-D and kinetin, 2,4-D and TDZ, NAA and TDZ were not effective on callus induction. However, embryogenic or organogenic callus was obtained on media containing NAA and BA. Especially, on MS medium with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA was optimal for a high frequency (62%) of shoot or shoot bud obtained from callus. Callus proliferation, shoot multiplication and elongation were significantly increased by adding 10% coconut water on MS media with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. Repeated subculturing of in vitro grown shoots resulted in propagation rate of 12.9 shoots per explant every 30 days. Root formation from the adventitious shoots was not easily achieved. However, roots were only produced through callus on MS medium with 2.0mg/L NAA alone or 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. These roots were used materials for callus and shoot production repetitively.

Plant regeneration through multiple-shoot induction and ex vitro rooting in Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. (정금나무(Vaccinium oldhamii Miq.)의 다신초 유도 및 기외발근을 통한 식물체 재분화)

  • Yun, Ayoung;Kim, Tae Dong;Kim, Ji Ah;Lee, Na Nyum;Cheong, Eun Ju;Kim, Yong Wook
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.82-89
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    • 2022
  • In vitro techniques were developed for propagating Vaccinium oldhamii using shoots with apical buds. Explants having an apical bud were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/L of each zeatin, thidiazuron, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2-iP) in order to induce multiple shoots. Among the tested treatments, the 2.0 mg/L of 2-iP proved to be most suited for the multiplication and growth of shoots; the multiple shoot induction rate was 100.0%, the average number of shoots was 7.4 per explant, and the average shoot length was 51.7 mm. The in vitro elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing various concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). However, overall callus overgrowth was observed in all treatments and resulted in necrosis and abnormal shoot growth in root formation. A low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA was appropriate for normal root development and the in vitro rooting rate was 30%. Ex vitro treatments on root formation using various concentrations of IBA with Talc powder and two types of rooting substrates (Flexi-Plugs or Horticultural soil) were examined. The ex vitro rooting rate (80%) and length of roots (32.9 mm) were obtained when the cut ends of the shoots were treated with 1.0 mg/L IBA and cultivated in Horticultural soil for 2 months. These findings suggest that ex vitro rooting is the more effective method for improving root formation in Vaccinium oldhamii than in vitro rooting.

The Factors on Somatic Embryogenesis of Soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill]

  • Kim, Kyong-Ho;Kim, Hag-Sin;Oh, Young-Jin;Suh, Sug-Kee;Kim, Tae-Soo;Park, Ho-Kee;Park, Moon-Soo;Kim, Seok-Dong;Yeo, Up-Dong
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2000
  • To enhance in vitro plantlet regeneration efficiency of soybean through embryogenesis, the culture conditions such as material part and size of immature seed, 2,4-D, pH and solidifying agents for somatic embryogenesis were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the immature embryo, immature cotyledon and embryonic axis explants of the immature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest rate (up to 22.9%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from the immature cotyledon, following embryonic axis and the immature embryo. The rate varied with the developmental stages of seed. The maximum rate (25.4%) of embryogenesis was obtained from 3-4 mm length of the seed (after 25 days of flowering). The optimum concentration of 2,4-D for embryogenesis was 10 mg/L. The optimum pH was at 5.8 and solidifying agent for medium was better with 0.4% gelrite than with agar. For rapid multiplication of shoot tips from the germinating somatic embryos, they were cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L indole-3-butyyic acid (IBA) and 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). After then somatic embryos with one and three cotyledons were transferred to the growth regulator free medium. The medium exhibited the higher rate (ca. 50%) of development than the multiplication medium.

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Interaction Between time of Nodal Explant Collection and Growth Regulators Determines the Efficiency of Morus alba Micropropagation

  • Hassanein A.M.;Galal A.A.;Azooz M.M.
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2003
  • The hormonal requirement suiting micropropagation of Morus alba during any season throughout the year was studied. Sprouting frequency from axillary buds of M. alba was greatly influenced by the time of explant collection, the highest value was achieved when nodal explants were collected at the end of bud dormancy period (late in March) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of BAP, kinetin or IBA (85-68%). In addition, they showed higher axillary bud sprouting on growth-regulators-free medium (49%) than others collected in autumn or winter and cultured on medium supplemented with various growth regulators (47-48%). Regardless of that period, young explants with greenish buds collected in summer exhibiting high sprouting frequency (66%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.5 mg/L GA3. Shoot multiplication via adventitious bud formation was achieved when the nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IBA. Further multiplication via nodal explants of in vitro grown shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mglL BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3. While half strength MS medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA, IAA or 2,4-D stimulated adventitious root formation, IBA was the best. After transfer the plantlets to the soil, acclimatization for three weeks was essential prerequisite for survival in high frequency (92%). Peroxidase activity is related to break of bud dormancy where maximum enzyme activity was detected when the lateral buds were induced to commence growth under field condition (early in spring) or in vitro.